CN101936207A - 通过确定烟尘的阻力灵敏度来避免柴油颗粒过滤器内的烟尘低估 - Google Patents
通过确定烟尘的阻力灵敏度来避免柴油颗粒过滤器内的烟尘低估 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种确定柴油发动机废气中的柴油颗粒过滤器需要执行再生的方法,该方法基于穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化,在第一时间和第二时间用基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算预测柴油颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载。基于第一时间和第二时间穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化,为柴油颗粒过滤器计算阻力灵敏度。该方法在阻力灵敏度下降至低于预定阈值时,从基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算转换为基于模型的柴油颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载的烟尘累积估算。在估算的烟尘水平达到基于烟尘累积模型的预设水平时,请求柴油颗粒过滤器的再生。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及发动机排气颗粒过滤器,尤其涉及用来估算柴油发动机排气中的颗粒过滤器内烟尘水平的方法。
背景技术
包括关于发动机尾气排放的环境职责以及现代环境保护法规在内的多种因素已经减小了那些可能在化石燃料的燃烧之后排入大气中的某些污染物的可允许的可接受的水平。日益严格的排放标准要求上述发动机内的燃料燃烧进行更好的控制,并且可能要求对排气进行后期燃烧处理。例如,氧化氮(NOX)和颗粒物质的允许水平在最近几年里就大大降低了。在其它方面,为了着手于所关注的环境,很多柴油发动机现在都在发动机的排气系统中设有废气颗粒过滤器,目的在于减少排入大气的颗粒物质的量。
为了提高废气颗粒过滤器的使用寿命,发动机控制模块可能会命令发动机执行废气颗粒过滤器的再生循环,该再生循环通过燃烧捕获的颗粒物质来使得废气温度上升到一定水平从而再生废气颗粒过滤器。再生循环增加了发动机的燃料用量。因此,精确地估算废气颗粒过滤器中到底具有多少颗粒物质尤为重要,其也被称之为废气颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载,从而避免颗粒过滤器的过早再生以及伴随再生的燃料用量的增加。
发明内容
根据一方面,一种方法被用来估算废气颗粒过滤器内的烟尘水平。该方法基于从废气过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化,产生一个在第一时间的废气颗粒过滤器内的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估计。基于从废气过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化,产生一个在第二时间的废气颗粒过滤器内的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估计。该方法利用在第一时间和第二时间废气颗粒过滤器内的阻力数量(restriction amounts)以及废气颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估计计算出废气颗粒过滤器的阻力灵敏度(restriction sensitivity)。当阻力灵敏度下降至低于预定的阈值时,为废气颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算。
根据另一方面,一种方法被用来确定对柴油发动机废气中的柴油颗粒过滤器进行再生的需要。该方法以穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化为基础,在第一时间和第二时间用基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算预测柴油颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载。基于在第一时间和第二时间穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化,为柴油颗粒过滤器计算阻力灵敏度。当阻力灵敏度下降至低于预定阈值时,该方法从基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算转换为基于模型的柴油颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载的烟尘累积估算。当估算的烟尘水平达到基于烟尘累积模型的预设水平后请求再生柴油颗粒过滤器。
根据又一方面,一种方法被用来为柴油颗粒过滤器选择烟尘估算模式。该方法监控发动机排气的体积流量。获取柴油颗粒过滤器的温度信息。该方法在第一时间测量从柴油颗粒过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化。以废气颗粒过滤器进口到出口的压力变化为基础在第一时间生成一个基于压力变化的柴油颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算。该方法将在第一时间的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算与预定的阈值比较。当在第一时间的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算高于预定的阈值时,为柴油颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算。该方法在第二时间测量从柴油颗粒过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化。以废气颗粒过滤器进口到出口的压力变化为基础在第二时间生成一个基于压力变化的柴油颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算。该方法利用在第一时间和第二时间穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化以及在第一时间和第二时间的基于压力变化的柴油颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算为柴油颗粒过滤器计算阻力灵敏度。当阻力灵敏度低于预置的阈值时,为柴油颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算。
根据一个实施例,废气颗粒过滤器包括进口,出口,过滤元件;以及至少一个测量点。所述至少一个测量点获取表示废气颗粒过滤器从进口到出口的压力变化的输入量。
本发明的其它特点将通过结合以下附图进行的说明体现出来。
附图说明
为了理解本发明,下面通过举例并参考相应附图的方式说明本发明,其中:
图1的流程图描述了根据一个流程选择估算废气颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载模型的方法;以及
图1a的流程图描述了一个抽样和记录子回路,其采用了选择估算废气颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载的模型的方法。图1和图1a中:DPSLE:基于ΔP的烟尘负载估算ACMS:实际体积流量DPF Restriction(R):DPSLE/ACMSThd:阈值Regen:再生DPF:柴油颗粒过滤器TSLR:自最后一次记录后的时间
具体实施方式
这样的流程能够通过多种不同形式来完成,附图以及本文的详细描述示出了方法的某些流程,应当理解本公开是作为该流程原理的范例,而不能将方法的宽范围限定为所图示的流程。
根据图1所示的一个流程,其示出了选择估算废气颗粒过滤器烟尘负载的形式的方法10。发动机的电子控制模块(ECM)来实施所述方法。流程从块12开始并且接着确定在块14中是否提出了再生请求。如果提出了再生请求,流程重置存储的数据并回到流程10的开始。如果在块14没有检测到再生请求,流程在块18开始抽样和记录子回路100(图1a)。抽样和记录子回路100在图1a中详细描述。
如图1a所示,抽样和记录子回路100从块102开始,然后如块104所示,确定发动机废气的体积流量值是否处于两个预定的阈值之间。体积流量值是在特定时间流出发动机的废气量。如果废气的体积流量没有处于阈值之间,抽样和记录子回路在块106重置抽样时间,并重新开始抽样和记录子回路100。如块108所示,如果废气的体积流量处在阈值之间,流程接着确定废气颗粒过滤器温度是否处于两个预定的阈值温度之间。如块106所示,如果废气颗粒过滤器温度没有处于两个阈值温度之间,抽样时间重置。如块110所示,如果废气颗粒过滤器温度处于阈值温度之间,流程通过加上最后一次抽样后所经过的时长从而增加抽样时间。确保发动机废气体积流量和废气颗粒过滤器的温度处于阈值水平之间,减少了对发动机瞬时运行的影响,例如发动机初始加载,或者发动机怠速工况,或加速过程,这些都会引起废气颗粒过滤器烟尘负载的不精确指示。
接下来流程在块112中确定抽样时间是否是预定的时间。如果抽样时间不是预定的时间,流程重新开始抽样和记录子回路100。如果抽样时间是预定的时间,在块114,流程对废气颗粒过滤器的阻力水平(R)进行抽样和记录,并且计算和记录颗粒过滤器内烟尘负载的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算(DPSLE)。
以废气颗粒过滤器的进口和废气颗粒过滤器出口之间的压力变化为基础来估算颗粒过滤器内烟尘负载的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算。废气颗粒过滤器内较大量的烟尘会引起穿过废气颗粒过滤器的较大压力变化。
回到图1,如块20所示,一旦测量了废气颗粒过滤器的阻力水平并且产生了基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算,流程通过加上自最后一次抽样被记录后所经过的时间来增加自最后一次记录后的时间。然后,如块22所示,流程确定自最后一次记录后的时间量是否等于一个预定的时间段。如块20所示,如果自最后一次记录后的时间不等于所述的预定的时间段,流程继续增加自最后一次记录后的时长。如块24所示,如果自最后一次记录后的时间等于所述预定的时间段,执行与图1a所示以及前面所述的流程相同的第二个抽样和记录子回路100。
如块26所示,一旦执行了第二抽样和记录子回路100,流程为废气颗粒过滤器计算阻力灵敏度(RS)。利用下述公式来计算阻力灵敏度: 其中,R1是第一时间从块18记录的废气颗粒过滤器的阻力水平,R2是第二时间从块24记录的废气颗粒过滤器的阻力水平。类似地,DPSLE1是第一时间在块18得到的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算,DPSLE2是第二时间在块24得到的基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算。
在块28将阻力灵敏度与一个存储的阻力灵敏度阈值水平进行比较。如块30所示,如果阻力灵敏度低于存储的阻力灵敏度阈值水平,则启动基于一模型的烟尘负载估算。所述基于模型的烟尘负载估算被用来确定废气颗粒过滤器何时需要再生。一旦启动了基于模型的烟尘负载估算,在基于模型的烟尘负载估算指示颗粒过滤器正达到容量并要求再生时,将会发生废气颗粒过滤器的再生。由于基于模型的烟尘负载估算被容纳在电子控制模块内,因此电子控制模块将在基于模型的烟尘负载估算指示下启动再生。
但是,如果阻力灵敏度高于存储的阻力灵敏度阈值水平,如块32所示,基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算持续,且流程在块16中如所示的重置记录的值并重启流程10。
阻力灵敏度被用来选择估算废气颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载的模型,以便更精确地指示何时需要再生。可以利用在多种条件下从废气颗粒过滤器的物理试验得到的数据来建立基于模型的烟尘负载估算,这样可以预测出过滤器内部烟尘量的精确表示。一旦阻力灵敏度下降至低于某个水平,则仅采用基于模型的烟尘负载估算,因此对于烟尘负载高于预定值来说,基于模型的烟尘负载估算是最合适的。由于基于模型的烟尘负载估算不必覆盖过滤器内烟尘负载的所有水平,因此该基于模型的烟尘负载估算可以提供精确的高于预定烟尘负载的烟尘负载估算,这有助于避免废气颗粒过滤器的过早再生。
基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算同样适合于低于某估算的烟尘负载水平的烟尘负载。基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算被持续的计算和监控,因此,在其确定阻力灵敏度低于阈值水平的任何时刻电子控制模块都可以切换到基于模型的烟尘负载估算。该流程避免了不必要的废气颗粒过滤器再生,同时也确保在不作妥协将排放物排入大气中或不缩短过滤器使用寿命的情况下废气颗粒过滤器在其寿命周期内有效地工作。
结合发动机,更具体地说是柴油机,来描述了上面的流程,但是所述流程适于用于多种燃烧过程,例如利用化石燃料发电的发电厂、制造厂炉子、建筑锅炉、加热油炉以及其它来自化石燃料燃烧的颗粒物来源。
在此已经对本发明的具体实施方式进行了解释和说明,在不明显脱离本发明精神的情况下,很容易想到多种改变,保护范围仅通过所附的权利要求的范围来限定。
Claims (21)
1.一种废气颗粒过滤器内部烟尘水平的估算方法,其中所述过滤器具有一个进口和一个出口,包括:
以从废气颗粒过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化为基础,在第一时间生成一个基于压力变化的废气颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算;
以从废气颗粒过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化为基础,在第二时间生成一个基于压力变化的废气颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算;
利用在第一时间和第二时间废气颗粒过滤器内的阻力数量以及在第一时间和第二时间废气颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算计算出废气颗粒过滤器的阻力灵敏度;以及
当阻力灵敏度下降至低于预定的阈值时,为废气颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
在第一时间测量废气颗粒过滤器进口和出口之间的压力变化;
在第一时间确定废气的体积流量;
利用测得的废气颗粒过滤器内部的压力变化和确定的废气体积流量,在第一时间确定废气颗粒过滤器内的阻力数量;
在第二时间测量废气颗粒过滤器进口和出口之间的压力变化;
在第二时间确定废气的第二体积流量;
利用废气颗粒过滤器内部的压力变化和确定的第二废气体积流量,在第二时间确定废气颗粒过滤器内的阻力数量。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
在第一时间确定废气颗粒过滤器内的阻力数量之前,检测废气颗粒过滤器的温度;以及
如果温度在预定的温度范围之外,重启废气颗粒过滤器内的烟尘水平估算方法。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
在第二时间确定废气颗粒过滤器内的阻力数量之前,检测废气颗粒过滤器的温度;以及
如果在第二时间的温度在预定的温度范围之外,允许经过T2+Tn的时间,其中T2是第二时间,Tn是额外的时间。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
当阻力灵敏度保持在预定的阈值之上时,继续采用基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
将在第一时间的废气体积流量与一个低的流量极限值和一个高的流量极限值进行比较;以及
如果体积流量值不处于低的流量极限值和高的流量极限值之间,重启废气颗粒过滤器内的烟尘水平估算方法。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,利用下面的公式确定阻力灵敏度:
其中,R1是在第一时间柴油颗粒过滤器内的阻力,R2是在第二时间柴油颗粒过滤器内的阻力,DPSLE1是在第一时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算,DPSLE2是在第二时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算。
9.一种确定柴油发动机废气中的柴油颗粒过滤器需要执行再生的方法,包括:
基于穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化,在第一时间和第二时间,用基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算预测柴油颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载;
以在第一时间和第二时间穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化为基础,为柴油颗粒过滤器计算阻力灵敏度;以及
当阻力灵敏度下降至低于预定阈值时,从基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算转换为用基于模型的烟尘累积估算估算柴油颗粒过滤器的烟尘负载。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,进一步包括:
根据烟尘累积模型,估算的烟尘水平达到预定水平后要求柴油颗粒过滤器再生。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,利用下面的公式确定阻力灵敏度:
其中,R1是在第一时间柴油颗粒过滤器内的阻力,R2是在第二时间柴油颗粒过滤器内的阻力,DPSLE1是在第一时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算,DPSLE2是在第二时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,预测烟尘负载、计算阻力灵敏度、转换到基于模型的烟尘累积估算以及请求再生都发生在柴油发动机电子控制模块中。
14.一种用于为柴油颗粒过滤器选择烟尘估算模型的方法,包括:
监控发动机排气的体积流量;
获取柴油颗粒过滤器的温度信息;
在第一时间测量从柴油颗粒过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化;
以从废气颗粒过滤器进口到出口的压力变化为基础在第一时间生成一个基于压力变化的柴油颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算;
将在第一时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算与预定的阈值比较;
当在第一时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算高于预定的阈值时,为柴油颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算;
在第二时间测量从柴油颗粒过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化;
以从废气颗粒过滤器进口到出口的压力变化为基础在第二时间生成一个基于压力变化的柴油颗粒过滤器内的尘负载估算;
利用在第一时间和第二时间穿过柴油颗粒过滤器的压力变化以及在第一时间和第二时间的基于压力变化的柴油颗粒过滤器内的烟尘负载估算,为柴油颗粒过滤器计算阻力灵敏度;
当阻力灵敏度低于预置的阈值时,为柴油颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,利用下面的公式确定阻力灵敏度:
其中,R1是在第一时间柴油颗粒过滤器内的阻力,R2是在第二时间柴油颗粒过滤器内的阻力,DPSLE1是在第一时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算,DPSLE2是在第二时间基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括:
当阻力灵敏度保持在预定的阈值之上时,继续采用基于压力变化的烟尘负载估算。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括:
当柴油颗粒过滤器的温度信息没有处于预置的运行范围内时,为柴油颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算。
19.如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括:
当废气的体积流量没有处于预置的运行范围内时,为柴油颗粒过滤器选择基于模型的烟尘负载估算。
20.一种废气颗粒过滤器,包括:
进口;
出口;
过滤元件;以及
至少一个测量点,其用于获取指示从废气颗粒过滤器的进口到出口的压力变化的输入测量。
21.如权利要求20所述的废气颗粒过滤器,进一步包括:
在进口生成压力读数的第一压力传感器;以及
在出口生成压力读数的第二压力传感器;
其中,在进口的压力读数和在出口的压力读书被用于测量点的输入测量。
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CN103225564A (zh) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-07-31 | 万国引擎知识产权有限责任公司 | 设定点库控制架构 |
CN103362675A (zh) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-10-23 | 万国引擎知识产权有限责任公司 | 用于设定点改进的烟灰累积模型 |
CN103225564B (zh) * | 2012-01-31 | 2016-12-28 | 万国引擎知识产权有限责任公司 | 设定点库控制架构 |
CN105673167A (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-15 | 福特环球技术公司 | 排气烟尘控制系统 |
CN105673167B (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2019-11-12 | 福特环球技术公司 | 排气烟尘控制系统 |
CN112832890A (zh) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-25 | 珀金斯发动机有限公司 | 使用射频传感器估算烟灰的方法 |
CN112832890B (zh) * | 2019-11-22 | 2024-06-07 | 珀金斯发动机有限公司 | 使用射频传感器估算烟灰的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI1003786A2 (pt) | 2012-10-30 |
US20100313629A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
FR2946689A1 (fr) | 2010-12-17 |
GB2471006A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
US8266890B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
CN101936207B (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
DE102010017308A1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
BRPI1003786B1 (pt) | 2021-07-06 |
GB201009469D0 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
AU2010202380A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
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