CN101909430A - 一种均化阀 - Google Patents

一种均化阀 Download PDF

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CN101909430A
CN101909430A CN2008801250187A CN200880125018A CN101909430A CN 101909430 A CN101909430 A CN 101909430A CN 2008801250187 A CN2008801250187 A CN 2008801250187A CN 200880125018 A CN200880125018 A CN 200880125018A CN 101909430 A CN101909430 A CN 101909430A
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valve
current
centrum
homogenizing
gap
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CN101909430B (zh
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罗尔夫·马姆贝格
约佐·瓦伦库克
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01JMANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J11/00Apparatus for treating milk
    • A01J11/16Homogenising milk
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C7/00Other dairy technology
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/44Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/441Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits
    • B01F25/4413Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits the slits being formed between opposed conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/44Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/442Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation
    • B01F25/4422Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation the surfaces being maintained in a fixed but adjustable position, spaced from each other, therefore allowing the slit spacing to be varied
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/44Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/442Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation
    • B01F25/4423Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation the surfaces being part of a valve construction, formed by opposed members in contact, e.g. automatic positioning caused by spring pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/46Homogenising or emulsifying nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/7179Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using sprayers, nozzles or jets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/06Mixing of food ingredients
    • B01F2101/07Mixing ingredients into milk or cream, e.g. aerating

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及均化阀(1),其包括两个或多个加压、可移动的阀椎体(5)、两个或多个阀门座(6)和围绕该阀椎体(5)和该阀门座(6)的阀套(2)。该阀椎体(5)和该阀门座(6)设置为在它们之间存在喉部,其构成均化间隙(7),该间隙具有间隙高度h。该均化间隙(7)设为相对水平面有一定角度。该均化阀(1)意在用于现有的均化器并且特别制造以能够获得对在低压、高流量条件下处理的液体(例如,巴氏杀菌的牛奶)的有效均化。

Description

一种均化阀
技术领域
本发明涉及均化阀,其包括加压的、可移动的阀椎体、阀门座和围绕该阀椎体和该阀门座的阀套,所述阀椎体和所述阀门座设置为在它们之间存在喉部,该喉部构成均化间隙。
背景技术
均化是一种已经使用了相当长时间的工业方法,其目的是,在脂肪乳液(例如,牛奶)中,为了将最大的脂肪球分裂为较小的脂肪球并通过这种方式使该脂肪乳液稳定。对于,例如牛奶,这意味着会抑制乳脂沉降,并且当今绝大多数消费牛奶都会被均化。
均化一般通过机械处理而进行,从而迫使该具有高输入压力的脂肪乳液高速通过非常窄的间隙,在那里由于高速的紊流以及通过在该液体中内爆的空泡打碎该脂肪乳液的脂肪球。该过程发生持续非常短的时间,并且其在通道内的该脂肪乳液的速度增加而压强降低的时间内发生,结果该液体开始沸腾。
均化器主要由传输高压的大的活塞泵以及发生该均化本身的反压装置组成。该反压装置,或均化阀,转而由加压的、有弹力的阀椎体、阀门座及磨损环或垫圈和围绕该阀椎体和阀门座的阀套组成。该阀椎体和阀门座一般是回转对称的,并且设置为在这两个部件之间存在径向的喉部,其构成均化间隙。该间隙的高度、宽度和长度确定进行该均化的体积。这个体积必须足够小以获得有效的均化。在较高的对待均化的液体的压强下降低该间隙高度,同时更大的流量需要增加该间隙高度。
首先,在巴氏杀菌的牛奶的均化中,相比UHT(超高温)处理的牛奶,在意图增加流量的同时使用低压。这意味着该均化阀需要做得更大,从而减少该间隙高度,以便在这个较低的压强和增加的流量下获得良好的均化程度。然而,已经证明在实践中现有的、良好的均化阀的放大不总是令人满意地起作用。该加压的表面越大,产生的力越大以及该均化阀越大。同时,多个因素增加了这种均化阀的成本。
另一解决问题的方法是将若干均化器间隙并行链接,如欧洲专利说明书EP034675中所示。通过这种方式,将扩展该间隙长度并由此降低该间隙高度。然而,这种带有并行连接的均化间隙的均化阀具有和固定的间隙高度一样的好处。其仅允许一种流量和一种均化压强而不需要逆向构造。其还存在以不均匀和不可控制的方式磨损的缺陷,这对该均化结果有害。
瑞典专利说明书SE509103公开了另一解决方案,如何将该间隙长度延长至其三倍。这通过将该阀门座和该阀椎体设计为存在多个同心均化间隙而实现。这个均化阀可调节用于不同的流量。
发明内容
本发明的目的
本发明的一个目的是实现一种均化阀,其提供很大的可能性来随着获得较低间隙高度的同时调节间隙长度。该均化间隙在大容量和低均化压强下具有微小的间隙高度。
本发明的进一步目的是当压强和流量变化时可以调节该间隙高度。
本发明的又一目的是该均化阀制造更经济以及相比现有的阀门解决方案表现出更高的耐磨属性。
本发明的又进一步目的是该均化压强可容易调节,即使在一定磨损之后。
本发明的又进一步目的是该均化阀允许有效的清洁并且另外满足食品处理的极端严格的要求。
解决方案
按照本发明已经达到这些和其他目的,其中通过介绍的方式描述的这种类型的均化阀区别特征在于两个或多个阀椎体彼此重叠和两个或多个阀门座彼此重叠,从而存在两个或多个均化间隙。
本发明的优选实施例进一步给出如所附从属权利要求中阐述的区别特征。
附图说明
现在将在下文中参照附图更详细地描述本发明的一个优选实施例。在附图中:
图1示出该按照本发明的设备的侧视图,部分为剖视图;
图1A示出图1的放大部分,部分为剖视图;
图1B示出图1的又进一步的放大部分,部分为剖视图;以及
图2是按照本发明的设备的一部分的透视图。
这些附图仅示出对于理解本发明必不可少的细节,并且省略了该均化阀在该均化器中的设置,其对于阅读这个说明书的技术人员来说是公知的。
具体实施方式
一种按照本发明的均化阀1,如图1所示,基本上由具有用于待均化液体的入口3和出口4的阀套2、以及多个阀椎体5和多个阀门座6组成。该阀椎体5和该阀门座6设置为在它们之间存在喉部,构成均化间隙7。
在优选实施例中,该阀门座6是回转对称的并具有用于待均化液体的中心贯穿流动通道8,构成该均化阀1的该入口3的延伸部。该阀门座6彼此重叠并且它们固定于该阀套2。
该阀门座6进一步显示出斜角12。可将该斜角12变成面朝该均化阀1的中心。可将该斜角12变成面向背离该均化阀1的入口3。该斜角在相对水平面20和45°之间,优选地30°。该阀门座6优选地由表面处理的不锈钢制成,但是也可以是其他经过批准的食品材料。
该阀椎体5(其也是回转对称的)具有朝向该均化阀1的中心的螺纹表面9。在该均化阀1的中心,设有螺纹杆10,其螺纹互锁在该阀椎体5上的螺纹表面9中。虚线部分利用O形环类型的卫生密封件14封闭与通过该中心贯穿流动通道8的产品分开。该螺纹杆10具有邻近该密封件14的放泄孔15。该放泄孔15除了用作放泄路径之外,还可在密封件14出现损坏时用于指示泄漏。其中,该密封件14是卫生级的,所以将产生卫生的均化阀1,其满足食品工业的要求,并可使用常规的设备清洁。
该阀椎体5具有朝向该均化阀1的中心的斜角13。该斜角13调节为面向该均化阀1的入口3。该斜角在相对水平面20和45°之间,优选地30°。该阀椎体5优选地由经过表面处理的不锈钢制造,但是还可出现其他经过批准的食品级材料。
加压该阀椎体5(与该螺纹杆10旋在一起),一般通过液压或气动活塞11,但是在更简单的版本中,可通过一组螺钉或平头螺丝加压,其通过弹簧起作用。该阀椎体5还可通过例如缸内的油组成的媒介来移动,以便能够处理待均化液体中出现快速流量变化。需要有弹性以满足活塞泵中自然出现的流量变化.
该阀椎体5和该螺纹杆10设在该阀套2中,从而在该阀椎体5的斜角13和该阀门座6的斜角12之间存在高度h的均化间隙7。该均化间隙7的高度h可随着压力和流量而变化,因为该阀椎体5移动更接近或更远离该阀门座6。因为该阀椎体5旋在该螺纹杆10上,所以在该均化阀1中所有均化间隙7都可以获得完全相同的高度h。
该阀椎体5上的斜角13比该阀门座6上的斜角12的程度大。该阀椎体5抵靠该阀门座6设置从而该斜角12的两侧上将获得该斜角13的突出表面。该均化间隙7不应当太短,因为之后会出现磨损增加。短的均化间隙7还可导致振动和破坏性的噪声。
在该均化阀1的阀套2中,设置若干阀椎体5和若干阀门座6。图1示出六个阀椎体5和六个阀门座6。结果,将获得六个彼此重叠的均化间隙7。按照本发明的均化阀1可包括更多的或者更少的阀椎体5和阀门座6,取决于所需要的容量和实际应用。通过将该阀套2制造成多个部件,就可以简单的方式分别装配更多或者更少的阀椎体5和阀门座6。
将该待均化液体(一般是牛奶)引导至该均化器,在这里该液体将被加压至大约10-25Mpa。该牛奶一般具有0.5-3.5%的脂肪含量,温度55-80℃。
将该液体引导通过该入口3并通过该贯穿流动通道8。之后,该液体通过该不同的均化间隙7之一,在那里进行均化。该液体之后在该通道16中聚集。因为该液体始终努力采用最简单的路径,所以液体通过不同的均化间隙7将有相对均匀的分布。在均化之后,该液体移出该均化阀1,通过该出口4。因为该均化间隙7相对该水平面倾斜20-45°,优选地30°,所以将获得更均匀的产品流,以及减少的均化入口损失。
该间隙高度h一般是50-200μm。在通道中,在该液体的流速增加的同时,获得下降到0Mpa的极端快速压降,这导致液体开始沸腾。当该液体离开该间隙7,该流速降低并且压强再次增加。该液体停止沸腾并且该液体中的蒸汽泡内爆。整个过程在几分之一秒之内进行,在高流速引起紊流和空穴的蒸发过程中,该液体中的脂肪球将分裂成更小的颗粒。
通过在不同的均化间隙7之间获得均匀的液体分布,将最适宜地使用该增加的间隙长度,以及具有按照本发明的均化阀1的均化器可处理比传统的均化阀大几倍的流量。同时,对于产品流量的变化可控制该均化阀,因为该活塞11可相对该阀门座6设置该阀椎体5,并由此实现该均化间隙7的不同高度h。因为该阀椎体5旋在该螺纹杆10上,所有的均化间隙7将具有同样的间隙高度h。所有的阀椎体5以及该螺纹杆10作为一个整体调节,从而所有均化间隙7始终具有同样的间隙高度h。
正如从前面的说明书显而易见的,本发明实现一种均化阀,其可用于在现有的均化器中改装,但是其可处理比对应的、传统的均化阀大几倍的流量。同时,对于压强和流量的即时变化,可调节该均化阀。因为可调节该均化阀,所以其还在磨损方面表现出比现有均化阀更优越的属性。作为该均化阀设计的结果,其制造也相对经济。
本发明可进一步修改而不背离所附权利要求的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种均化阀(1),其包括加压、可移动的阀椎体(5)、阀门座(6)和围绕该阀椎体(5)和该阀门座(6)的阀套(2),所述阀椎体(5)和所述阀门座(6)设为其间存在喉部,构成均化间隙(7),其特征在于两个或多个阀椎体(5)彼此重叠;以及两个或多个阀门座(6)彼此重叠,从而存在两个或多个均化间隙(7)。
2.如权利要求1所述的均化阀(1),其特征在于阀椎体(5)和阀门座(6)是回转对称的。
3.如前述任一项权利要求所述的均化阀(1),其特征在于该均化间隙(7)设为相对水平面有一定角度。
4.如权利要求3所述的均化阀(1),其特征在于该均化间隙(7)设为相对水平面20-45°。
5.如权利要求4所述的均化阀(1),其特征在于该均化间隙(7)设为相对水平面30°。
6.如权利要求1所述的均化阀(1),其特征在于该阀椎体(5)旋在设在该阀套(2)中心的螺纹杆(10)上。
7.如权利要求6所述的均化阀(1),其特征在于该阀椎体(5)设置为与该螺纹杆(10)一起通过活塞(11)调节,从而所有均化间隙(7)始终具有同样的间隙高度h。
8.如权利要求1所述的均化阀(1),其特征在于该阀门座(6)固定于该阀套(2)。
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SE0800208A SE531925C2 (sv) 2008-01-29 2008-01-29 Homogeniseringsventil
SE0800208-1 2008-01-29
PCT/SE2008/000688 WO2009096825A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2008-12-09 A homogenizer valve

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CN104014262A (zh) * 2013-09-11 2014-09-03 曹结渝 一种被动式搅拌器及应用该搅拌器的搅拌装置
CN112696503A (zh) * 2021-01-06 2021-04-23 西南石油大学 一种耐超高温高压空气制动阀
CN116221434A (zh) * 2023-05-05 2023-06-06 江南大学 一种均质阀及均质设备

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CN104014262B (zh) * 2013-09-11 2016-03-02 曹结渝 一种被动式搅拌器及应用该搅拌器的搅拌装置
CN112696503A (zh) * 2021-01-06 2021-04-23 西南石油大学 一种耐超高温高压空气制动阀
CN116221434A (zh) * 2023-05-05 2023-06-06 江南大学 一种均质阀及均质设备
CN116221434B (zh) * 2023-05-05 2023-08-04 江南大学 一种均质阀及均质设备

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EP2237658A4 (en) 2014-10-08
EA201070901A1 (ru) 2011-02-28
WO2009096825A1 (en) 2009-08-06
SE0800208L (sv) 2009-07-30
US20100329073A1 (en) 2010-12-30
EA019265B1 (ru) 2014-02-28
US8944673B2 (en) 2015-02-03
CN101909430B (zh) 2013-04-10
EP2237658A1 (en) 2010-10-13
MX2010008022A (es) 2010-08-04
JP2011514237A (ja) 2011-05-06
BRPI0821901A2 (pt) 2014-10-14
JP5087146B2 (ja) 2012-11-28
SE531925C2 (sv) 2009-09-08
EP2237658B1 (en) 2018-07-25
US20150173322A1 (en) 2015-06-25

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