CN101894578B - 同步数据流的方法和设备 - Google Patents

同步数据流的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101894578B
CN101894578B CN2010102510265A CN201010251026A CN101894578B CN 101894578 B CN101894578 B CN 101894578B CN 2010102510265 A CN2010102510265 A CN 2010102510265A CN 201010251026 A CN201010251026 A CN 201010251026A CN 101894578 B CN101894578 B CN 101894578B
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play item
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CN101894578A (zh
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迪尔克·阿道夫
哈拉尔德·席勒
约布斯特·赫伦特路普
拉尔夫·奥斯特曼
哈特穆特·彼德斯
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InterDigital CE Patent Holdings SAS
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/93—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof
    • H04N5/9305—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof involving the mixing of the reproduced video signal with a non-recorded signal, e.g. a text signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
    • G11B27/034—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals on discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/102—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers
    • G11B27/105—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers of operating discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
    • G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
    • G11B27/32—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
    • G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
    • G11B27/32—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
    • G11B27/322—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier used signal is digitally coded
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2387—Stream processing in response to a playback request from an end-user, e.g. for trick-play
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/242—Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/84—Television signal recording using optical recording
    • H04N5/85—Television signal recording using optical recording on discs or drums
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/92—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
    • H04N5/9201—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving the multiplexing of an additional signal and the video signal
    • H04N5/9202—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving the multiplexing of an additional signal and the video signal the additional signal being a sound signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/92—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
    • H04N5/9201—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving the multiplexing of an additional signal and the video signal
    • H04N5/9206—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving the multiplexing of an additional signal and the video signal the additional signal being a character code signal
    • H04N5/9207—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving the multiplexing of an additional signal and the video signal the additional signal being a character code signal for teletext
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/87—Regeneration of colour television signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
    • G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
    • G11B2220/2541—Blu-ray discs; Blue laser DVR discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
    • G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
    • G11B2220/2562—DVDs [digital versatile discs]; Digital video discs; MMCDs; HDCDs

Abstract

多个数据流包含视频、音频和/或其他数据。将一些数据流复用地预先记录在存储介质上，而其他数据流位于存储介质上的数据流复用之外。使用所述导航文件(List_of_PlayItems)来同步所述数据流，所述导航文件包含指向所述数据流部分的描述符(播放项，子播放项)，其中所述描述符通过数据子流路径定义了所述数据流的时间上的布置。

Description

同步数据流的方法和设备
本申请是PCT国际申请日为2003年9月29日、PCT国际申请号为PCT/EP2003/010801的PCT国际申请“METHOD AND APPARATUSFOR SYNCHRONIZING DATA STREAMS CONTAINING AUDIO，VIDEO AND/OR OTHER DATA”的中国国家申请号为03823853.5的发明名称为《同步数字流的方法和设备》的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于同步包括音频、视频和/或其它数据的数据流的方法和设备，其中，将一些数据流复用地记录在存储介质上，并使其他数据流位于数据流复用之外。
背景技术
光存储介质易于记录或重放包括一个或多个视频和音频数据流和/或诸如字幕和服务信息等其它数据的视听(AV)信号。根据由www.dvdforum.org公开的数字通用盘(DVD)标准，针对大规模市场，使用只读光盘对预先记录的电影标题进行复制。随着基于红色激光的DVD标准的引进和迅速扩展，近期，已经以表示为BD的“蓝色光束光盘”的商标名公开了一种更高容量的基于蓝色激光的介质系统。
针对如今的DVD，内容提供商创建了用于许多不同目标国家的视频。这包括许多不同的语言和字幕。除了AV材料的这种特定语言版本之外，针对光盘，存在多角度和多情节的应用。在BD应用中，通过引进不同的视频格式，如SDTV和HDTV视频，将增大这种可能性。对于光学记录和预先记录，必须将以上所列举的所有不同基本流(视频-角度、音频-轨道、字幕等)打包为单个复用传输流。在重放期间，解码器读取此复用流，并对属于所选的流的那些分组进行解码。
发明内容
本发明基于对以下事实的认识。具有携带有所有可用组件的AV复用，不能够提供附加材料，例如针对稍后时间的另一音轨或另一网页。即，当内容提供商正在使用创作工具来产生BD电影时，在开始该产生之前，所有基本流必须是已知的。在AV复用产生之后，不能够添加另一基本流。另一方面，如果稍后将添加另外的数据流，则这需要与已经存在的数据流的同步。
因此，本发明所要解决的问题是允许在存储介质上复用地记录的数据流与位于该数据流复用之外的另外的数据流的同步。
通过权利要求1所公开的方法和权利要求8中的相应设备来解决该问题。
原则上，本发明的方法允许对包含视频、音频和/或其他数据的数据流的同步，其中将一些数据流复用地预先记录在存储介质上，导航文件包含指向所述数据流部分的描述符，所述描述符通过数据子流路径来定义所述数据流的时间布置。
在各个从属权利要求中公开了本发明的优选附加实施例。
附图说明
参考附图，对本发明的典型实施例进行描述。
该附图示出了包括不同视频、音频和字幕流路径的播放列表的实例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了包括不同视频、音频和字幕流路径的播放列表List_of_PlayItems的实例，具有播放项或子播放项，为了回放流路径，必须对其进行解码。播放项的第一流路径包括AV复用流。此外，多个子播放项描述了所述的音频、视频和字幕流路径。
如图所示，复用流路径可以平行存在于播放列表的整个时间轴上。通过使时间轴的部分变空，可以松散地定义流路径。
由播放项或子播放项描述的任何流可以是基本流或复用流。
以下描述在光盘上的主AV复用之外的基本流的本发明同步。
针对两个不同的情况来考虑同步。第一种情况是涉及其时间上的相对关系的组件的同步。确定单独组件在哪一时间开始和结束。第二种情况是涉及其切换的组件的同步。确定其中对一个组件的解码可以由对另一组件的解码来替代的二进制流中的时间点。例如，视频组件的切换用于多角度应用。
针对这样的应用的优选介质将超越DVD能力，例如蓝色光束盘，以提供超出复用之外的比特流读取所需的传输速率。
超出复用之外的语义提供了回放组合不同基本流的蓝色光束盘AV流的能力，该AV流包括来自盘和通过因特网或其他存储介质的流的组合。例如，可能存在电影的回放，其中从蓝色光束盘中读取视频流，从硬盘中读取音频流，而从因特网服务中读取字幕(sub-title)。
对超出复用之外的AV材料的描述由不同的文件构成，包括导航文件和流文件。当存在时间轴上的点、观看角度、字幕和音频频道等时，所述导航文件提供流文件内的所有导航进入点。在导航文件的更高层中，存在用于解释属于AV材料的回放的所有流部分的播放项的列表。
在下文中，描述了针对更高层导航文件的一般语法。在表1到4中，仅略述了这些元件，这对于本发明是强制的，即，未描述附加元件，以及不同的次序也是可能的。
如在表1内所定义的，通过List_of_PlayItems描述了可能作为电影的任意部分(即章节)的盘上的回放元件。其包括：以字节表示该结构的完整长度的长度、表示PlayItem()元件的数量的播放项、以及表示List_of_PlayItems结构内的SubPlayItems()的数量的子播放项。尽管至少一个播放项对于List_of_PlayItems而言是强制的，子播放项是可选的。子播放项的时间轴参考播放项的时间轴。
表1：List_of_PlayItems-语法
  语法   比特数   记忆码
  List_of_PlayItems(){
  length   16   uimsbf
  playItems   16   uimsbf
  ...
  subPlayItems   16   uimsbf
  ...
  for(n＝1；n＜playItems；n++){
  PlayItem(){
  ...
  }
  for(n＝1；n＜subPlayItems；n++){
  SubPlayItem(){
  ...
  }
  ...
  }
如表2内所定义的，播放项结构包括：以字节表示该结构的完整长度的长度、描述到基本流文件的链接的流文件、描述流文件内的播放项的显示开始时间的Start_time、以及描述流文件内的播放项的显示结束时间的End_time。
另外，其包括“保留”来保存字节对齐的元件、表示该播放项是否提供组件间的无缝转换的Seamless_presentation_flag。所述Seamless_presentation_flag具有与子播放项(表3)内相同的含义，并且在那里将更详细地解释。
表2：播放项-语法
Figure BSA00000226294800041
Figure BSA00000226294800051
如表3中所定义的，子播放项结构非常类似于播放项的结构。其包括：以字节表示该结构的完整长度的长度、描述到基本流文件的链接的流文件、描述流文件内的播放项的显示开始时间的Start_time、以及描述流文件内的播放项的显示结束时间的End_time。
另外，其包括“保留”来保存字节对齐的元件、表示该播放项是否提供组件间的无缝转换的Seamless_presentation_flag、表示子流路径的结束的Stream_path_end、以及表示针对子播放项所给出的子流路径的类型的一个8比特字段的SubStream_type。
表3：子播放项-语法
Figure BSA00000226294800061
如表4内所定义的，SubStream_type定义了子播放项的类型。这可以是用于音频配音的辅助音频流路径、视频流路径、音频流路径、字幕流路径或图形流路径。所述值6到255可以用于未来流路径格式。
表4：SubStream_type
  SubStream_type   含义
  0   保留到将来使用
  1   辅助音频流路径
  2   视频流路径
  3   音频流路径
  4   字幕流路径
  5   图形流路径
  6-255   保留到将来使用
SubStream_type的可选定义可能如图5所示。预测辅助传输流路径而非不同的基本流路径的优点是可以再次将任意基本流嵌入在另一复用流内，即可以将多个不同的字幕在单一的文件内复用在一起。
表5：SubStream_type
  SubStream_type   含义
  0   保留到将来使用
  1   辅助音频流路径
  2   辅助传输流路径
  3-255   保留到将来使用
Seamless_presentation_flag支持在回放期间涉及组件的无缝切换的同步情况。
Seamless_presentation_flag位于播放项/子播放项内，表示由播放项/子播放项所参考的传输流是否支持在其基本流之间的无缝转换。如果Seamless_presentation_flag设置为“真”，则传输流内的所有基本流遵循无缝转换限制。
无缝转换限制在基本流内提供了接合点。接合点是在其上可以停止对一个基本流的解码并且可以开始对另一基本流的解码而在回放期间没有任何显著的效应的点，假设已经通过遵循无缝转换限制对两个基本流进行了编码。在编码期间通过定义强制GOP光栅例如固定GOP长度，以及通过限制所选的缓冲器尺寸来实现接合点的生成，以避免当在解码期间切换不同基本流时的缓冲器过流。
用于无缝转换的一种典型的应用是多角度视频。多角度视频为视频提供了不同的摄像机角度，例如，在竞赛车内的一个摄像机、示出了车箱(box)的另一摄像机、示出了完成线的一个摄像机。当回放多角度视频时，用户能够在该不同的摄像机轨道之间无缝地切换。
Stream_path_end和Substream_type支持涉及组件在时间上的相对关系的同步情况。
Stream_path_end：该标记表示流路径的结束。流路径是子播放项的有序集。其定义了属于流路径的所有子播放项的数量和次序。第一流路径以第一子播放项开始且以具有设为“真”的Stream_path_end标记的第一子播放项结束。第二流路径以跟随前一个流路径的第一子播放项开始并且以具有设为“真”的Stream_path_end标记的第一子播放项结束，依此类推。最后的流路径以最后的子播放项结束。针对播放列表的最后子播放项将Stream_path_end标记设置为“真”是可选的。流路径的所有子播放项将具有相同的SubPlayItem_type。
回放流路径将对属于包括具有设为“真”的Stream_path_end标记的第一子播放项或播放列表的最后子播放项的流路径的子播放项的连续集合进行解码。
根据如ISO/IEC 13818-1中所指定的MPEG-2的系统标准、运动图像和相关音频信息的一般编码对传输流(TS)进行组织。然而，为了确保在解码期间无冲突的回放和同时确保稍后且独立添加内容，例如，在已经完成主要创作之后添加辅助字幕，则以下对传输流的限制规则是必须的：
播放项的TS必须包含节目相关表(PAT)和节目映射表(PMT)。它们针对复用内的每一个TS组件(基本流)提供PID表和语言信息。
子播放项的TS包含辅助流。辅助流的优选格式也是TS。
在子播放项的TS内，不允许PAT。这防止了与播放项的TS的冲突。
子播放项的TS必须包含其PID未在播放项的TS内使用的PMT。
与针对播放项以及子播放项的所有TS内的基本流相关的所有PID必须是不同的。
以上所列出的TS规则的优点在于：单一PID滤波器就足以对所有基本流进行解码。当违反了TS规则时，在缓冲输入数据或分离不同的缓冲器之前的PID重新印制变为必须的。
本发明具有多个优点：
对于预先记录的蓝色光束盘的制作提供了更大的灵活性，例如，在完成主AV复用之后，可以在稍后容易地将附加语言添加到盘上。这是由于可以独立地准备包含另一语言的诸如音频和字幕信息的辅助AV复用，并且将其添加到盘图像上，而无需改变基本AV复用(不需要重新记录、重新复用)。
对于由针对复用所提供的带宽所引起的音频、字幕、视频角度、AV格式等的最大数而言没有任何限制。该限制简单地由容量来定义。
其允许将外部源任意绑定到盘内容上，例如来自硬盘或因特网服务器的特殊声音轨道，通过将新流绑定到预先记录的盘上产生了添加值。
此外，提供了简化对来自不同传输流的基本流进行解码的规则、以及在不同的传输流之间进行无缝流切换的规则(例如，多角度视频)。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于在主AV复用结束之后对预录制的蓝色光束盘进行创作的方法，所述方法产生在所述蓝色光束盘上复用地记录的数据流与位于该数据流复用之外的另外的数据流的同步，其中：
-超出复用之外的语义提供了回放蓝色光束盘AV流的能力，所述蓝色光束盘AV流组合来自盘和通过因特网或其他存储介质的流，
-对超出复用之外的AV材料的描述由包括导航文件和流文件在内的不同的文件构成，
-导航文件提供流文件内的所有导航进入点，并且在导航文件的更高层，通过播放项列表List_of_PlayItems对蓝色光束盘上的回放元件进行描述，播放项列表List_of_PlayItems具有一个或多个播放项PlayItem()元件和子播放项SubPlayItem()，子播放项SubPlayItem()在播放项列表List_of_PlayItems结构中被布置为与所述一个或多个播放项PlayItem()元件平行，
-播放项PlayItem结构和子播放项SubPlayItem结构中的每一个包括描述到基本流文件的链接的流文件、描述流文件内的对应结构的显示开始时间的开始时间Start_time、以及描述流文件内的对应结构的显示结束时间的结束时间End_time，以及
-每一个子播放项SubPlayItem结构还包括定义对应结构的类型的子流类型SubStream_type，子流类型SubStream_type是以下之一：用于音频配音的辅助音频流路径、视频流路径、音频流路径、字幕流路径和图形流路径，
所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将具有其他数据流的外部源绑定到蓝色光束盘内容。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：
-通过准备辅助AV复用，将附加语言添加到蓝色光束盘，以使得辅助AV复用包含附加语言的音频信息和字幕信息。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
-播放项列表List_of_PlayItems包括：以字节表示结构的完整长度的长度、表示播放项PlayItem()元件的数量的播放项、以及表示播放项列表List_of_PlayItems结构内的子播放项SubPlayItem()的数量的子播放项，以及
-播放项PlayItem结构和子播放项SubPlayItem结构中的每一个还包括：以字节表示对应结构的完整长度的长度、保留字节对齐的元件“保留”、以及表示对应结构是否提供组件间的无缝转换的无缝呈现标记Seamless_presentation_flag。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，通过从蓝色光束盘中读取视频流、从硬盘中读取音频流、以及从因特网服务中读取字幕，来使得能够进行电影的回放。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，当存在时间轴上的点、观看角度、字幕和音频通道时，所述导航文件提供流文件内的所有导航进入点。
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