CN101878111B - 具有改善的稳定性的导电层状玻璃 - Google Patents

具有改善的稳定性的导电层状玻璃 Download PDF

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CN101878111B
CN101878111B CN200880112072.8A CN200880112072A CN101878111B CN 101878111 B CN101878111 B CN 101878111B CN 200880112072 A CN200880112072 A CN 200880112072A CN 101878111 B CN101878111 B CN 101878111B
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A·路易捷克斯
M·德梅耶尔
P·布朗热
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AGC Glass Europe SA
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Abstract

具有改善的稳定性的导电层状玻璃，其包含至少一个玻璃层，具有透明导电膜带状物形式的通电路径以及至少一层与刚性层粘合并且其中一价金属阳离子含量不高于30ppm重量的热塑性材料。

Description

具有改善的稳定性的导电层状玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及层状玻璃，特别涉及导电的层状玻璃。
本发明涉及在电流通过下具有改善的稳定性的导电层状玻璃。
背景技术
层状玻璃通常用于运输工业中制造机动车挡风玻璃以及铁路、航空和航海玻璃。它们也用于建筑工业中的安全玻璃的制造，例如屋顶平台和阳台的栏杆和玻璃墙壁。
通常，它们由粘合在至少一层粘附性热塑性材料上的一层或多层无机或有机玻璃构成。
导电层状玻璃已通过GLAVERBEL的文件WO2006/010698A1为人所知，该文件中公开了透明导电路径的存在，其会使玻璃受热，以便例如在汽车领域中的应用。
在GLAVERBEL的文件WO2004/062908A2中，也公开了一种导电层状玻璃，其中加入了电子元件，特别是电致发光二极管。在该玻璃中，导电回路可包含透明导电层所形成的带状区域，该透明导电层在玻璃层与热塑性材料层的界面上覆盖玻璃层。
然而，电流在与热塑性材料层接触的导电路径或带状区域中的持久通过可具有造成出现或多或少着色的区域的缺点，该着色区域将会局部降低玻璃的透明性，并且形成损害其应用的斑点。该现象在直流电的情况下更为突出。
发明内容
本发明通过提供具有改善的稳定性的导电层状玻璃而克服了这些缺点，该导电层状玻璃在整个长期使用期间在电流通过下、甚至在供给直流电(“DC”)的情况下保持其透明性。
为此，本发明涉及一种如权利要求1定义的新的导电层状玻璃。
从属权利要求定义了本发明其他可能的实施方式，其中某些是优选的。
同已知的导电层状玻璃相比，本发明的新的玻璃具有改善的稳定性。稳定性是指在正常应用条件下，在一定程度上较长的电流通过时间后其物理和化学性质的恒定。在该长时间使用的末尾，本发明的玻璃的物理和化学性质保持在与新制的相同类型的玻璃相当的水平上。物理性质主要但不完全指光学性质，例如光的透射和吸收，以及可见光光谱中所透射的颜色。
本发明的层状玻璃包括至少一个刚性玻璃层。玻璃层是指厚度可以介于1和50mm之间的任何无机或有机玻璃板。在层表面的不同部位，该厚度可以不是恒定的。该表面可以为平面的或弯曲的。然而，优选在表面所有部位具有恒定厚度的平面玻璃层。
无机玻璃可无区别地由一种或多种已知玻璃构成，例如钠钙玻璃、硼玻璃、结晶和半结晶的玻璃。有机玻璃可以为刚性的热塑性或热固性透明聚合物或共聚物，例如透明的聚碳酸酯、聚酯或聚乙烯类合成树脂。
优选在接近玻璃外表面的薄区域中或在本体中均匀地很轻微着色的或者浅色的无机或有机玻璃。钠钙型无机玻璃特别适用，例如含有如下基本组分的玻璃(重量百分数)：
SiO2                60至75％
Na2O                10至20％
CaO                 2至16％
K2O                 0至10％
MgO                 0至10％
Al2O3               0至5％
BaO                 0至2％
BaO+CaO+MgO         10至20％
K2O+Na2O            10至20％。
本发明的玻璃的玻璃层为刚性层，即具有足够的对弯曲和扭转应力的机械强度，以便在通常使用玻璃的环境介质中经常遇到的外力作用下不变形。
本发明的玻璃还包括至少一层热塑性材料。热塑性材料在此处是指在热的作用下能够随意变形并且在冷却后恢复其刚性的材料。在本发明的玻璃中，至少一层热塑性材料粘合在至少一层刚性玻璃上。
热塑性层的材料选自能够粘合在玻璃表面上的材料。有利地，这样的材料属于聚酯类，例如合成热塑性聚酯类。此类聚酯可例如为聚缩醛。通常优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(“PVB”)类的聚缩醛。
根据本发明，该层状玻璃的热塑性层的材料不应包含高于30ppm重量的一价金属阳离子(一价阳离子总含量≤30ppm重量)。这些阳离子一般以残留杂质的形式存在，其来源于热塑性材料的制造过程。作为一价阳离子，最常见的是碱金属阳离子，例如Na+和/或K+。
优选地，选择含有不高于10ppm重量碱金属一价阳离子的热塑性层的材料。最优选的热塑性层的材料是其中单价阳离子含量不高于8ppm重量的材料。
根据本发明玻璃的一种优选形式，热塑性层的聚酯含有至少15重量％的游离羟基和羧基官能团(游离羟基和羧基官能团的总重量含量≥15％)，特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛含有至少15％的游离羟基和乙酸酯官能团的。有利地，热塑性层的材料的聚酯含有至少20％的游离羟基和羧基官能团。最优选的聚酯是其中包含至少25％的游离羟基和羧基官能团的聚酯。
根据本发明的玻璃的另一优选形式，选择含有不少于30ppm重量的二价阳离子的热塑性层的材料。优选地，该热塑性层的材料含有不少于40ppm重量的二价阳离子。最优选的热塑性层的材料是含有不少于70ppm的二价阳离子的材料。作为二价阳离子，最经常遇到的是碱土金属阳离子，例如Ca++和/或Mg++。
更特别有利地，本发明的玻璃的热塑性层的材料含有不高于30ppm重量的一价阳离子，同时含有不低于30ppm重量的二价阳离子。
本发明的层状玻璃还包含通电路径。这些路径一般具有导电透明膜的带状物的形式。它们被安置于玻璃的至少一个玻璃层的内表面上。若玻璃包含例如多于两个玻璃层以及至少两层夹在玻璃层之间的热塑性材料，这些路径可以被安置在玻璃的多于一个玻璃层的内表面上。
或者，导电透明膜的带状物形成的通电路径也可以安置于热塑性材料层的至少一个面上。
本发明的玻璃也可同时包括安置在玻璃的至少一个玻璃层的内表面上的导电透明膜带状物和安置在热塑性材料层的至少一个表面上的其他导电透明膜带状物形成的通电路径。在后一种可能情况下，玻璃层、导电膜带状物以及热塑性材料层的各自堆叠顺序是不重要的。
本发明玻璃的另一种实施方式是其中玻璃为一种可加热玻璃的情形，其中的通电路径具有与路径的性质、厚度和宽度相适应的电阻，以便当玻璃的路径与电源连通时通过焦耳效应产生热量。该实施方式可在例如运输工业的汽车中遇到，用于汽车玻璃面板的除雾和/或除霜。用于汽车后窗的除雾/除霜的汽车应用是此类玻璃的用途的典型实例。
本发明的玻璃的另一实施方式是其中玻璃是一种发光玻璃或照明玻璃的情形，发光电子元件被整合在热塑性层中。该发光电子元件例如为电致发光二极管(LEDs)，此处包括有机电致发光二极管(OLEDs)。在该实施方式中，LEDs给出了出色的结果。发光玻璃的实例特别为装饰玻璃、户外有色玻璃以及显示信息的玻璃。
在本发明的玻璃的第三种实施方式中，该玻璃也可以是含有不是电致发光二极管的电子元件的玻璃，该电子元件例如为其他类型的与玻璃光学外观相配合的元件，如光敏电阻、光电二极管和视觉传感器。其他电子元件例如MEMS元件(微电机系统，英语为“Micro ElectroMechanical Systems”)以及更常规的集成电路，例如微处理器，以及无源电子元件也可以整合到本发明的玻璃中，以便实现完整的电子系统。
在以上列举的任何种类的本发明玻璃中，导电透明膜可为多种类型。
该膜的第一种实施方式是以氟和/或锑掺杂的二氧化锡的薄层或混合了二氧化锡的氧化铟的薄层。该透明导电膜的涂层可例如通过熟知的由气态前体进行气相化学沉积(CVD)的技术沉积在至少一个玻璃层上。
导电透明膜的第二种实施方式是含有至少一层诸如铝或银的导电金属的一组层堆叠形成的膜。该堆叠例如为通过一系列真空阴极磁控溅射(英语文献中为“magnetron sputtering”)沉积的产物。涂层堆叠例如为以下情形：
TiO2/ZnO/Ag/Ti/ZnO/SnO2
以下实施例将以更详尽的方式说明本发明：
具体实施方式
实施例
1.试样制备
导电层状玻璃试样利用由多种来源的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(“PVB”)构成的热塑性材料层以及相同的玻璃层制备。它们由以下方法获得：
以PLANIBEL
Figure BPA00001196922500051
G为商标的AGC欧洲平板玻璃公司的市售玻璃层由4mm厚的钠钙玻璃构成，其上覆盖了由氧碳化硅下层和表面电阻为约15Ω/□的用氟掺杂的氧化锡导电层形成的热解透明薄层堆叠。将其切成10cm见方试片。然后利用纤维红外激光—其将覆盖在玻璃上的大约100μm宽的薄层堆叠完全除去—在方块中部标记一直线凹槽，其在相对的两边之间延伸。然后利用导电粘合剂将铜带粘合在试样的两部分的每部分的导电透明层边缘作为电连接体。然后在玻璃试片上在导电层一侧涂敷与导电玻璃方形试样尺寸相同并具有确定厚度(选自1.3至1.7mm范围内)的待测PVB插入层。然后在覆盖在玻璃试片上的PVB层上施加厚度为4mm并与该试样和PVB层尺寸相同的第二层浅色钠钙玻璃。
然后将玻璃层、导电层和插入的PVB层的堆叠(其边缘伸出两个导电铜片)在通常的挤压和真空压热条件下进行层压，从而制备了具有两个玻璃层的层状玻璃，这两个玻璃层包含两个导电路径并且不含气泡。
2.层状PVB性能的加速测试
然后，将待测的具有不同PVB的玻璃持久地连接在20V连续电压源上，并且在该电压下放置于温度调至80℃的加热炉中。对玻璃进行定期目测，以便测定在层状玻璃的玻璃层之一的导电层中用激光标记的凹槽附近出现第一处着色点的延迟时间。
3.不同PVB性能的对比
在下表中，给出了利用不同来源的PVB根据以上第1条描述的方法获得的层状玻璃试样的导电层凹槽附近测定的着色出现时间。
所使用的PVB的化学分析结果也列在同一表格中，即：Na+、K+、Ca++、Mg++的含量以及丁基官能团及游离羟基和乙酸酯官能团总量的重量百分含量。
已知利用Solutia Salflex
Figure BPA00001196922500061
RE 41浅色PVB制备的玻璃不符合本发明的玻璃(Na++K+＞30ppm重量)，在20V、80℃下经24小时已出现着色。
被测的Sekisui的PVB产生符合本发明的玻璃，可以在没有过早的着色的情况下得到明显更长的工作时间。
Figure BPA00001196922500062

Claims (8)

1.具有改善的稳定性的导电层状玻璃，包含至少一个刚性有机或无机玻璃层以及至少一个与该刚性有机或无机玻璃层粘合的热塑性材料层，该玻璃还包含具有导电透明膜带状物形式的通电路径，其特征在于该热塑性材料层的材料选自其一价金属阳离子含量不高于30ppm重量的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，并且该聚乙烯醇缩丁醛包含至少25重量％的游离羧基和羟基官能团，并且该聚乙烯醇缩丁醛含有不少于30ppm重量的碱土金属二价阳离子。
2.根据权利要求1的玻璃，其特征在于通电路径安置在玻璃的至少一个刚性有机或无机玻璃层的内表面上。
3.根据权利要求1的玻璃，其特征在于该通电路径安置在热塑性材料层的至少一个面上。
4.根据前述权利要求任意之一的玻璃，其特征在于该玻璃是可加热玻璃，通电路径具有能够通过焦耳效应产生热量的电阻。
5.根据权利要求1的玻璃，其特征在于该玻璃是包含具有整合在热塑性材料层中的电致发光二极管形式的电子元件的玻璃。
6.根据权利要求5的玻璃，其特征在于该玻璃是装饰性发光玻璃。
7.根据权利要求1的玻璃，其特征在于该导电透明膜选自用氟和/或锑掺杂的二氧化锡的薄层以及混合了二氧化锡的氧化铟的薄层。
8.根据权利要求1的玻璃，其特征在于该导电透明膜是含有至少一层银的涂层堆叠。
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