CN101861457A - 在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质 - Google Patents

在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质 Download PDF

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CN101861457A
CN101861457A CN200880116891A CN200880116891A CN101861457A CN 101861457 A CN101861457 A CN 101861457A CN 200880116891 A CN200880116891 A CN 200880116891A CN 200880116891 A CN200880116891 A CN 200880116891A CN 101861457 A CN101861457 A CN 101861457A
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fuel
combustion engine
fuel quality
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CN101861457B (zh
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R·博尼格
M·哈特
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0626Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0634Determining a density, viscosity, composition or concentration
    • F02D19/0636Determining a density, viscosity, composition or concentration by estimation, i.e. without using direct measurements of a corresponding sensor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0649Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/12Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration
    • F02D41/123Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration the fuel injection being cut-off
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1497With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0611Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F02D2200/0612Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality determined by estimation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/10Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
    • F02D2200/1002Output torque
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Abstract

为了在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质,在内燃机的推力切断阶段期间在一定的曲轴角下喷射一定的燃料量,检测由此所产生的曲轴转矩份额并且从中确定关于燃料品质的绝对或相对的量度。

Description

在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在自行点火(selbstzündend)内燃机中确定(Ermitteln)燃料品质
Figure GPA00001139305200011
的方法,以及一种相应的装置。
背景技术
在内燃机的运行中燃料品质具有重要的意义。在自行点火内燃机中,燃料品质对燃料的点燃而言是决定性的。因此,对于柴油燃料通常指定十六烷值,该十六烷值为用于燃料在柴油内燃机中多快着火的量度(Maβ)。在自行点火内燃机中,燃料通过压缩热而点火。除其它的参数(如压缩程度、曲轴角以及燃料量)外,十六烷值在喷射之后尤其还影响点火性能(Zündwilligkeit)。利用相对而言较低十六烷值的燃料而运行的自行点火内燃机起动(anspringen)不良,更粗暴且更嘈杂地运转,并且具有更差的废气值。与带有低十六烷值的燃料相比,带有较高十六烷值的燃料更快地导致点火。
因为十六烷值还对内燃机的运行特性以及尤其废气特性产生影响,因此日益转变为,在内燃机的燃料供应段中设置燃料品级传感器(Kraftstoffgütesensor),该燃料品级传感器测量燃料品级(Kraftstoffgüte)。那么,还可保持以时间和/或区域所给定的与理论燃料品级的偏差而对内燃机的运行没有不期望的影响。
发明内容
因为燃料品级传感器毫无疑问为昂贵的构件并且使燃料供应系统的结构复杂化,因此本发明的目的在于,公开用于在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质的方法以及相应的装置。
根据本发明利用用于在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质的方法实现该目的,在该方法中在内燃机的推力切断阶段(Schubabschaltungsphase)期间在一定的曲轴角下喷射与对于该运行状态所必须的燃料量偏离了一定量的一定的燃料量,检测(erfassen)由此所引起的曲轴转矩份额(Kurbelwellendrehmomentbeitrag)并且从中确定关于燃料品质的绝对或相对的量度。
此外,该目的通过用于自行点火内燃机的、实施所提及的方法的装置而实现。
本发明基于这种认识,即,燃料喷射对曲轴转矩的影响强烈地取决于燃料品质。那么当选择合适的运行点(在该运行点中内燃机的运行参数在其它情况中为恒定的)时,通过喷射燃料并且将曲轴转矩与在标准燃料时获得的曲轴转矩的偏差换算成标准燃料品级的偏差或直接由曲轴转矩绝对地确定关于燃料品质的绝对量度,可确定燃料品级。喷射的转矩份额的确定在现有技术中为已知的并且现在被用于确定燃料品级。
单一的试样喷射已经足够用于检测关于燃料品级的量度。为了改进的测量精确度,优选的为,只要运行参数在一定的界限中保持不变就重复该方法,并且为此后检测的曲轴转矩或燃料品质量度值实行求平均值或合适统计评价。
如果显示在所选择的一定的曲轴角下所产生的曲轴转矩或所确定的关于燃料品质的量度导致可能有缺陷的或不合理的值,则必须优选,以改变的一定的曲轴角(该曲轴角可大于或小于之前所使用的曲轴角)再次实行该方法。这尤其在出现与标准燃料品级的大的偏差或在出现指明不寻常地坏或好的燃料的关于燃料品级的量度时进行。那么,可借助于此后为不同的曲轴角所获得的曲轴转矩或关于燃料品质的量度值使用线性回归,以获得关于燃料品质的改进的值。
附图说明
在下文中参考附图示例性地进一步解释本发明。在附图中:
图1显示用于确定自行点火内燃机的燃料品质的方法的第一变型方案的框图,
图2显示用于确定燃料品质的修改的方法的部分框图,以及
图3显示用于确定燃料品质的再次修改的方法的部分框图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,在框图中示意性显示用于在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质的方法。在以步骤S0开始方法之后首先在步骤S1中查询(abfragen),内燃机是处于推力切断运行还是处于另一运行模式(在该运行模式中喷射的燃料质量(Masse)在一定的界限内为恒定的)。如果这种运行状态不存在(N分路),则在步骤S2中结束方法。只有在这种运行状态存在时,才进行燃料品质的确定(J分路)。
此后,在步骤S3中,在一定的曲轴角下喷射一定的燃料量。该燃料量不同于为该运行状态在其它情况下所预设的量(在推力切断运行中为零)。量偏差导致曲轴转矩的一定的变化,在步骤S4中检测该变化。从根据步骤S4的转矩偏差中,确定关于燃料品质的绝对量度,或者在考虑与在标准燃料时获得的标准值的偏差的情况下确定相对量度。接着结束方法(步骤S2)。
如果方法在推力切断中运行,则转矩的变化为由于一定的燃料量的喷射而引起绝对的转矩份额。
为了改进关于燃料品质的量度,可如图2所显示的那样修改该方法。图2显示从步骤S3到步骤S5的根据图1的方法的一部分。
在此,增加计数器(步骤S6),以便可通过确定转矩或转矩偏差实现统计评价。在此,在图2的示出方式中在步骤S2和步骤S4之间布置步骤S6,但是该步骤S6也可位于步骤S3之前或步骤S4之后。重要的是,步骤S6在步骤S7之前实现,该步骤S7又布置在确定转矩或转矩偏差之后。在步骤S57中检查,计数器是否已达到一定的最大值。
如果不是这种情况,则在步骤S8中例如在所检测的曲轴转矩变化或其与标准燃料状态的偏差上取浮动平均值(gleitende Mittelung)。此后,确定燃料品质的量度值(Maβzahl)的最后步骤S5(只有当求平均值包括一定数量的循环迭代
Figure GPA00001139305200041
时,才实现该步骤S5)利用关于转矩或转矩偏差的平均值。因此,实现更精确地确定燃料品质。
当然,在图2的实施形式中求平均值还包括统计评价。
代替通过曲轴转矩或曲轴转矩偏差,还可通过关于燃料品质的量度实现求平均值/统计评价。
那么,步骤S5位于步骤S7之前,并且在步骤S8中的统计评价或求平均值使用关于燃料品质的量度。
该方法的另一设计方案示出在图3中。该设计方案用作,改变该一定的燃料量和/或曲轴角(在该曲轴角下喷射该一定的燃料量)。此处基于这样的认识,即,存在一定的(与曲轴角相关的)时刻,在该时刻燃料品质尤其强烈地对单个喷射的转矩份额产生影响。
图3的方法的步骤(这些步骤对应于借助于图1所描述的方法的步骤)设有相同的参考标号,并未再次解释(一般不是必要的)。图3同样仅示出方法的一部分,该部分首先开始于步骤S3,当然步骤S0和步骤S1以及步骤S2再次位于该步骤S3之前。
对于根据图3的方法来说特有的是,排在步骤S3和S4(以及根据设计方案还有S5)之后的查询步骤S9为,所确定的转矩变化或偏差(或如果还实施步骤S5,则关于燃料品质的量度)是否位于标准值的某个公差范围内。如果是这种情况,则在步骤S10中类似于步骤S5确定关于燃料品质的量度或如果步骤S5位于步骤S9之前(图3的虚线的变型方案),则步骤S10不包含其它的步骤。
但是,如果与标准值的偏差(该偏差表明特别不寻常的燃料品质-因为例如所确定的转矩偏差或转矩变化指出相应的情况,或(如果实施步骤S5)关于转矩或转矩偏差的量度表明这种情况)存在时,则在步骤S11中设定关于在步骤S3中使用的一定的曲轴角和/或燃料量变化的改变的预设(Vorgabe)。同时在步骤S4(或步骤S5)中所获得的值与关于曲轴角的迄今所使用的一定的值相关联并且被存储。此后,再次执行步骤S3和S4(以及必要时S5),并且紧接着跳过步骤S9中的查询。
此后,基于两个当前一定的曲轴角或燃料量变化以及步骤S4(或必要时步骤S5)的相关联的值,步骤S10实行线性回归,在该线性回归中使用模型数据,该模型数据反映与曲轴角的函数相关的、喷射的转矩份额和燃料品质之间的关系。由此,允许获得关于燃料品质的改进的指示。当然,可不仅利用两个不同的曲轴角/燃料量执行两次步骤S3和S4的循环而且还可执行更高数量的循环,这此后改进线性回归。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质的方法,在所述方法中在内燃机的推力切断阶段期间在一定的曲轴角下喷射与对于运行状态所必须的燃料量偏离了一定量的一定的燃料量,检测由此所引起的曲轴转矩份额并且从中确定关于燃料品质的绝对或相对的量度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法被重复并且执行在所检测的曲轴转矩份额或所确定的关于燃料品质的量度上的统计评价或求平均值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,权利要求1的方法以至少一个其它曲轴角被重复。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,为不同的曲轴角所确定的曲轴转矩份额或关于燃料品质的量度在线性回归中结合,以获得关于燃料品质的改进的量度。
5.一种用于在自行点火内燃机中确定燃料品质的装置,其中,所述装置具有用于影响内燃机运行的控制器,所述控制器操控所述内燃机以执行上述方法中的一个并且执行必要的计算。
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