CN101844147A - Method for using leguminous plants for restoring petroleum-polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for using leguminous plants for restoring petroleum-polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for using leguminous plants for restoring petroleum-polluted soil, which comprises the following steps: a pretreatment step, carrying out pretreatment on seeds of the leguminous plants; a culture step, carrying out moisture preservation culture on the seeds of the leguminous plants until white buds of the seeds are exposed out; a seeding step, seeding the seeds of the leguminous plants into the soil; a watering step, watering the soil after seeding in an unscheduled way; a plant removing step, removing the whole plant of the leguminous plants from the soil when the seeds of the leguminous plants grow to the flowering periods; and repeating the steps until the content of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches the national standard of the environment safety. The invention has the advantages of low treatment cost, high speed, low consumption, high efficiency, low cost, mild reaction conditions and no secondary pollution, reduces the place damage, and can perfectly adapt to the in-situ restoration of large-area petroleum-polluted soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the bioremediation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing the soil of leguminous plants for restoring petroleum-polluted.
Background technology
The annual consumption of petroleum amount of China reaches 4.5 hundred million tons, wherein needs about 100,000,000 tons of import.Petroleum resources scarcity, oil price soar, and bring very big pressure for China's economy.Greatly developing recycling economy, realize the efficient utilization of resource and recycle, is the important channel of realizing sustainable development, also is the inevitable choice from China's actual conditions, also is that enterprise complies with the very important decision that situation requires.Bioremediation technology is developed under this background exactly, and a pollution control engineering that obtains developing rapidly in the nineties in 20th century.
The complex mixture that oil is made up of the thousands of kinds of different materials of chemical property mainly comprises saturated hydrocarbons, compound fragrant hydrocarbon, asphalitine, resinae etc.The pollution of the exploitation of oil, smelting, use and transportation and omission accident, and the discharging of oily waste water, sewage irrigation, the volatilization of various petroleum products, imperfect combustion thing descend slowly and lightly etc. and to cause a series of soil oil pollution problems.The ground crude oil that particularly oil exploitation process produces has become the important source that the soil mineral greasy dirt dyes.
After many studies show that, some petroleum hydrocarbons enter in the animal body, mammal and the mankind there are carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenic effect.The severe contamination of soil can cause some composition of petroleum hydrocarbon to accumulate in grain, influences the quality of grain, and by food chain, harm humans health.
Bioremediation technology is a kind of emerging clean technologies that grow up on biodegradable basis, and it is the development of traditional bioremediation.Compare with physics, chemical repairing polluted soil technology, it is low that it has a cost, do not destroy the plant needed soil environment of growing, pollutant oxidation safety, non-secondary pollution, characteristics such as treatment effect is good, and is simple to operate.Biological restoration can be quickened the natural biology degradation rate by the optimization of environmental factor, is a kind of efficient, the economic and ecological clean technologies that can bear.
The bioremediation technology of administering the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil mainly contains two classes: a class is the microorganism recovery technique, can be divided into biology in situ reparation and heterotopic biological reparation again by the place of repairing; Another kind of is the phytoremediation method.
At present, more to the biological restoration research of soil organic contamination, still, focus mostly on microbial action.In fact, plant plays direct and indirect important function to the removal of pollutant.The plant biological reparation is to utilize in the plant accumulation to some pollutant, vegetable metabolic process conversion and the mineralising to some pollutant, the symbiosis of plant roots circle and rhizome increases the characteristics of activation of microorganism, quickens the process of soil pollutant degradation speed.
The mode of phytoremediation comprises three kinds of plant extract, plant degradation and phytostabilizations.Plant extract is meant utilizes plant absorbing accumulation pollutant, just handles after waiting to gather in the crops.Results can be heat-treated, microbiological treatment and chemical treatment.Plant degradation is to utilize plant and related microorganisms fauna that pollutant is converted into innocuous substance.Phytostabilization is meant that plant under the acting in conjunction with soil, fixes pollutant, to reduce it to harm biological and environment.Plant is subjected to the influence of three factors to the absorption of compound: the chemical characteristic of compound; Environmental condition; Floristics.Therefore in order to improve the clearance of plant, should improve the absorption of plant from this three aspects further investigation to pollutant to organic pollution in the environment.
In the research of phytoremediation technology and practice, filter out and to remove effectively that the corresponding plants of organic pollution seem very crucial in the soil.Fabaceous unique distinction just is that the rhizobium symbiosis is arranged on its root, the latter can be converted into the utilizable form of plant to inorganic nitrogen, the symbiotic nitrogen fixation system that rhizobium and legume form is the important component part of biological nitrogen fixation, have positive meaning for keeping natural Nitrogen Cycling, the sustainable development of environment is had important function.The annual amount of nitrogen fixation of annual nitrogen by Rhizobium leguminosarum fixed nitrogen accounts for 60% of biological nitrogen fixation total amount on the earth according to statistics, is equivalent to 2 times of the synthetic amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of whole world industry.Derive from symbiotic azotification as the grow 1/3-2/3 of required nitrogen of: peanut.Leguminosae tree has higher economic value, and is strong to the poor environment resistance against disadvantage, occupies critical role in improving the soil, increase soil fertility, conserve water and soil and improving the ecological environment.Can be under high temperature, arid, unfavorable conditions such as saline and alkaline good growth and breeding, show adaptability to environment.According to report, whole world legume is about 748 and belongs to, 20000 kinds, the legume that China finds has 162 to belong to, kind more than 1400, so the development and utilization legume is very big as advantage and the potentiality of effectively removing organic pollution in the soil, especially at northwest drought, barren oil high yield is got that wide application prospect is more arranged.
But so far, still be in theoretical research stage, do not have to occur application process simple and feasible, with low cost in practice in the prior art about fabaceous bioremediation technology.
Therefore, there is defective in prior art, needs to improve perfect.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of method of utilizing the legume remedying oil-polluted soils is provided, and removes oil, goes back native soil.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing leguminous plants for restoring petroleum-polluted soil, wherein, may further comprise the steps:
A1: pre-treatment step, described seeds of leguminous plant is carried out preliminary treatment;
A2: incubation step, described seeds of leguminous plant preserved moisture to be cultured to described seed and to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
A3: the sowing step, in described seeds of leguminous plant program request and described soil;
A3: the step of watering, in described soil after planting, irregularly water;
A4: plant shifts out step, treats that described seeds of leguminous plant grows to florescence, with described fabaceous plant from described soil whole shift out;
A5: repeat above-mentioned steps A1 to A5.
Described method, preferred, described seeds of leguminous plant is white thorn flower seed.
Described method, preferably, in the described pre-treatment step seeds of leguminous plant being carried out pretreated method is: use with the concentrated sulfuric acid described white thorn flower seed was soaked 10-20 minute, and then use the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 5%-10% that described white thorn flower seed was soaked 10-20 minute, use aqua sterilisa with described white thorn flower seed flushing 5-8 time at last.
Preferably, the method for cultivating described white thorn flower seed in the described incubation step is: add a little aqua sterilisa on the flat board that is covered with sterilization filter paper, described white thorn flower seed is inserted the cultivation of preserving moisture, extremely described white thorn flower seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Preferably, described white tattooing planting seed density is every mu of 500-1000 strain.
Preferably, described white tattooing planting seed density is every mu 600 strain.
Preferably, describedly water irregularly that to make described soil conservation water content be 20%-30%, institute's water is the running water of aeration after 24 hours.
Preferably, before described sowing step, also comprise the soil treatment step, be used for described polluted soil is watered water treatment, fertilizer treatment, turns over and handle and the overlay film processing.
Preferably, described soil treatment step concrete grammar is: disposablely irrigate described soil, loosen the soil and keep moistening; Ratio according to every mu of 15-30kg in described soil applies composite fertilizer, applies one time liquid fertilizer in per 10 days; Regulate about soil layer moisture to 20% with local underground water; Fully turn over; Use plastic film overlay film on described soil at last.
Institute spoken parts in an opera tattooing among the present invention (Sophoradav idi i) is perennial machaka.Belong to Sophora, pulse family, Papilionaceae, because of its blade is tiny, form exactly likes Chinese scholartree and is called as " leaflet Chinese scholartree ", also has another names such as wolf's fang thorn, bitter tattooing, staple acupuncture in addition.Happiness light, cold-resistant, drought-resistant barren.
White tattooing plant grows thickly or Dan Sheng, 2 to 3 meters of plant heights, and the pitch black brown of trunk has lobe, and the shoot green has undercoat, old branch brown, branch has sharp keen needle-like thorn; Imparipinnate leaf, the stipule needle prick shape, deposit the place, 11 to 21 pieces on leaflet, blade ellipse or long inverted ovoid, long 0.4 to 1.2 centimetre, wide 0.4 to 0.7 centimetre, the leaf look blackish green, and back side color is shallow slightly, and pubescence is arranged.Raceme is born in Lao Zhiding, and inflorescence is sagging a little, and 6 to 12 of Xiao Hua are arranged, and the calyx hyacinthine is cup-shaped, bud white, and the band royal purple is dizzy, the corolla butterfly, white has fragrance, and the florescence 3 is to May.The pod moniliform, long 3 to 6 centimetres, about 0.5 centimetre of diameter, ripe back yellowish-brown.
It is dense that white tattooing blooms spring, and color is plain, and light fragrance is arranged; Summer and autumn, greenery were delicate and pretty, dark green dark green; Then pitch black brown trunk is firm and unyielding after falling leaves winter, gives aged simple and unsophisticated sense.In gardens, can do hedge plant, but also isolated planting, sheet plant edge in the forest land, lawn etc. and locate, also can make potted landscape or potted plant viewing and admiring.
White tattooing originates in China, in North China, all there is distribution northwest, southwest, there is a large amount of wild resources counties and cities such as the Dengfeng around in the Zhengzhou City, Gongyi, the potted landscape worker and the fan of initial Zhengzhou City develop it as the potted landscape seeds, afterwards the VolksGarden, Zhengzhou City again with it as the ornamental plant domesticating and cultivating, and be used for afforestation, received good effect.
By the legume of in oil-polluted soils, planting, for example white tattooing, it can directly absorb organic pollutant from soil, to there be the metabolism intermediate of toxicity to be stored in the plant tissue then, after compound is absorbed into white thorn quirk, white tattooing can be decomposed it, and make it become the constituent of plant by lignification, also can be by volatilization, metabolism or mineralization make it change into carbon dioxide and water, or transform into the intermediate metabolites of free of toxic effects, as lignin, be stored in the plant cell, reach the effect of removing organic pollution in the environment.White tattooing can discharge some materials in soil, be beneficial to the toxic chemical substance of degrading, and can stimulate the activity of root-zone microorganism, these materials comprise enzyme and some organic acids, they provide important nutriment with the root cap cell that comes off for the microorganism in root district, promote the growth and the breeding of root-zone microorganism.The rhizobium in tattooing root district form synbiosis with white tattooing in vain, and its unique enzymatic pathway is arranged, can not be by the independent organic matter that transforms of bacterium in order to degraded.The transformation that plant roots district secretion has stimulated bacterium, the district has formed organic carbon at root, the death of root cells has also increased the soil organic carbon, and the increase of these organic carbons can stop organic compound to shift to underground water, also can increase the mineralization of microorganism to pollutant.Its rhizosphere changes soil environment, improvement and regulating action have been played, but apposition growth rhizobium and other bacterium etc. on the root system, not only can offer the abundant sources of nitrogen of white tattooing, promote it arid, barren and contain in the soil of organic pollution and grow, be a kind of rehabilitation plant efficiently, thereby can also decompose the degraded that organic pollution in the soil helps pollutant.Therefore by selecting means such as white tattooing of legume and regulation and control edaphic condition, can realize the quick reparation of contaminated soil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of plant restoration method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the contrast effect block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1 phytoremediation and natural degradation;
Fig. 3 is the contrast effect block diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2 phytoremediation and natural degradation.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Present embodiment is verified the effect of white tattooing remedying oil-polluted soils with the contrast test of four subregions, and method is as follows:
The experimental plot is set to: test 1 district and check plot thereof (white tattooing is not planted in the check plot, adopts natural degradation), test 2 districts and check plot, test 3 districts and check plot thereof, test 4 districts and check plot thereof.Each sub-district specification is: 12m * 12m, and the alternate 20cm in each sub-district, the sub-district is word order from west to east.
Make carbon source with the crude oil that the locality is obtained, it is pollutant, upper soll layer 20cm deeply evenly sneaks into a certain amount of oil in the trial zone, the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of trial zone test soil is made as respectively: 1 district and check plot 0.5% thereof, 2 districts and check plot 1.0% thereof, 3 districts and 2.0%, 4 district, check plot and check plot 4.0% thereof.
To sting flower seed in vain and carry out preliminary treatment in accordance with the following methods, soak 20 minutes earlier, soak 10 minutes with 5% liquor natrii hypochloritis then, wash 8 times with aqua sterilisa again with the concentrated sulfuric acid;
To sting the flower seed cultivation of preserving moisture in accordance with the following methods in vain, on the flat board that is covered with sterilization filter paper, add the cultivation of preserving moisture of a little aqua sterilisa, after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed, white thorn flower seed program request after will showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally is in above-mentioned petroleum-polluted test 1 district, test 2 districts, test 3 districts, test 4 districts and check plot thereof, every mu of about 600 strains, adopt the field irregularly to water, the maintenance soil moisture content is 20%-30, and institute's water is the running water of aeration after 24 hours.
Before the white tattooing of sowing, for enough oxygen is provided, help microbial growth and breedings such as white tattooing and rhizosphere rhizobium thereof, preferred, can disposablely irrigate soil, loosen the soil and keep moistening; In order to increase soil fertility, increase the survival rate of plant, every mu can add 20kg composite fertilizer and replenishes the initial stage nutrient, applies one time liquid fertilizer in per 10 days; Regulate about soil layer moisture to 20% with local underground water; Fully turn at last so that various test material mixes, cover in the trial zone plastic film be convenient to be incubated, preserve moisture, rainproof.Negative control area does not apply any material as the monitoring sample.
When white tattooing grows into florescence, the whole plant of white tattooing is connected root from contaminated soil shift out together, repeat 3 times to the whole process that shifts out plant from the seed preliminary treatment above-mentioned afterwards, the total petroleum hydrocarbon of determination test district and its check plot, as shown in Figure 2, repairing effect for white tattooing under the different total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration among the present invention, as can be seen from Figure 2, after petroleum hydrocarbon concentration is the three secondary pollutants degraded through white tattooing of 0.5% test 1 district, the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon has nearly reached 70%, and white tattooing is not planted in its check plot, the natural degradation rate only is about 37%, obviously adopts the petroleum hydrocarbon in the white tattooing biodegradation soil to obtain satisfied effect.
Present embodiment is verified the effect of white tattooing remedying oil-polluted soils with the contrast test of 2 subregions, and method is as follows:
The experimental plot is set to: test 1 district and check plot thereof (white tattooing is not planted in the check plot, adopts natural degradation), test 2 districts and check plot thereof.Each sub-district specification is: 15m * 15m, and the alternate 40cm in each sub-district, the sub-district is word order from west to east.
Make carbon source with the crude oil that certain oil well is obtained, i.e. pollutant, upper soll layer 40cm deeply evenly sneaks into a certain amount of oil in the trial zone, and the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of trial zone test soil is made as respectively: 1 district and 5%, 2 district, check plot and check plot 10% thereof.
To sting flower seed in vain and carry out preliminary treatment in accordance with the following methods, soak 10 minutes earlier, soak 20 minutes with 10% liquor natrii hypochloritis then, wash 5 times with aqua sterilisa again with the concentrated sulfuric acid;
To sting the flower seed cultivation of preserving moisture in accordance with the following methods in vain, on the flat board that is covered with sterilization filter paper, add the cultivation of preserving moisture of a little aqua sterilisa, after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed, white thorn flower seed program request after will showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally is in above-mentioned petroleum-polluted test 1 district, test 2 districts and in the check plot, every mu of about 500 strains, adopt the field irregularly to water, the maintenance soil moisture content is 20%-30%, and institute's water is the running water of aeration after 24 hours.
Before the white tattooing of sowing, for enough oxygen is provided, help microbial growth and breedings such as white tattooing and rhizosphere rhizobium thereof, preferred, can disposablely irrigate soil, loosen the soil and keep moistening; In order to increase soil fertility, increase the survival rate of plant, every mu can add 15-30kg composite fertilizer and replenishes the initial stage nutrient, applies one time liquid fertilizer in per 10 days; Regulate about soil layer moisture to 20% with local underground water; Fully turn at last so that various test material mixes, cover in the trial zone plastic film be convenient to be incubated, preserve moisture, rainproof.The check plot does not apply any material as the monitoring sample.
When white tattooing grows into florescence, the whole plant of white tattooing is connected root from contaminated soil shift out together, repeat 5 times to the whole process that shifts out plant from the seed preliminary treatment above-mentioned afterwards, the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of determination test district and its check plot, as shown in Figure 3, repairing effect for white tattooing under the different total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration among the present invention, as can be seen from Figure 3, after petroleum hydrocarbon concentration is the 5 secondary pollutants degraded through white tattooing of 5% test 1 district, the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon has nearly reached 60%, and white tattooing is not planted in its check plot, the natural degradation rate only is about 30%, obviously adopts the petroleum hydrocarbon in the white tattooing biodegradation soil to obtain satisfied effect.
The white tattooing plant of results can focus on, and as can being used as the raw material of green manure or greenfeed, thereby when repairing pollutant, has shown certain economic benefits again.White tattooing biological restoration is a treatment system of utilizing solar power, disposal cost is low having aspect the processing environment pollutant, speed is fast, consumption is low, efficient is high, cost is low, reaction condition is gentle, and non-secondary pollution, reduce place destruction and help to improve the soil degradation and the output that cause because of petroleum pollution and descend, recover remarkable advantages such as its bio-diversity, the original position reparation of the fine adaptation large tracts of land oil-polluted soils of energy.
Should be understood that; it is that the present invention will be described for example that this specification partly adopts white tattooing; and for those of ordinary skills; can be improved according to the above description or conversion; for example adopt other leguminous plants to carry out soil remediation; for example soybean or the like also can reach same effect, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a method of utilizing leguminous plants for restoring petroleum-polluted soil is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A1: pre-treatment step, described seeds of leguminous plant is carried out preliminary treatment;
A2: incubation step, described seeds of leguminous plant preserved moisture to be cultured to described seed and to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
A3: the sowing step is seeded in described seeds of leguminous plant in the described soil;
A4: the step of watering, in described soil after planting, irregularly water;
A5: plant shifts out step, treats that described seeds of leguminous plant grows to florescence, with described fabaceous plant from described soil whole shift out;
A6: repeat above-mentioned steps A1 to A5.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described seeds of leguminous plant is white thorn flower seed.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the described pre-treatment step seeds of leguminous plant being carried out pretreated method is: use with the concentrated sulfuric acid described white thorn flower seed was soaked 10-20 minute, and then use the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 5%-10% that described white thorn flower seed was soaked 10-20 minute, use aqua sterilisa with described white thorn flower seed flushing 5-8 time at last.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the method of cultivating described white thorn flower seed in the described incubation step is: add a little aqua sterilisa on the flat board that is covered with sterilization filter paper, described white thorn flower seed is inserted the cultivation of preserving moisture, extremely described white thorn flower seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described white tattooing planting seed density is every mu of 500-1000 strain.
6. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described white tattooing planting seed density is every mu 600 strain.
7. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, describedly waters irregularly that to make described soil conservation water content be 20%-30%, and institute's water is the running water of aeration after 24 hours.
8. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, before described sowing step, also comprise the soil treatment step, be used for described polluted soil is watered water treatment, fertilizer treatment, turns over and handle and the overlay film processing.
9. arbitrary according to Claim 8 described method is characterized in that, described soil treatment step concrete grammar is: disposablely irrigate described soil, loosen the soil and keep moistening; Ratio according to every mu of 15-30kg in described soil applies composite fertilizer, applies one time liquid fertilizer in per 10 days; Regulate about soil layer moisture to 20% with local underground water; Fully turn over; Use plastic film overlay film on described soil at last.
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| CN108636995A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A method of improving ciliate desert-grass arsenic absorption efficiency |
| CN114733903A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for restoring farmland soil phthalate pollution by applying green manure plants |
| CN117413738A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-01-19 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Safety production method of rice for cadmium-polluted rice field soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108636995A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A method of improving ciliate desert-grass arsenic absorption efficiency |
| CN114733903A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for restoring farmland soil phthalate pollution by applying green manure plants |
| CN114733903B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for restoring farmland soil phthalate pollution by using green manure plants |
| CN117413738A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-01-19 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Safety production method of rice for cadmium-polluted rice field soil |
| CN117413738B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-03-22 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Safety production method of rice for cadmium-polluted rice field soil |
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