CN102989758A - Method for repairing lead-polychlorinated biphenyl combined polluted soil - Google Patents

Method for repairing lead-polychlorinated biphenyl combined polluted soil Download PDF

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CN102989758A
CN102989758A CN2012105740662A CN201210574066A CN102989758A CN 102989758 A CN102989758 A CN 102989758A CN 2012105740662 A CN2012105740662 A CN 2012105740662A CN 201210574066 A CN201210574066 A CN 201210574066A CN 102989758 A CN102989758 A CN 102989758A
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soil
pcbs
balsamine
flower
seeds
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林茂宏
周启星
苏慧
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Nankai University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00In situ

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for repairing a lead-polychlorinated biphenyl (Pb-PCBs) combined polluted soil. The method comprises the following steps: utilizing hydrogen peroxide to sterilize the seeds of impatiens balsamina and planting the seeds in seedling growing discs; after the seeds germinate and grow to 5-8cm, transplanting the seeds to the soil polluted by Pb and PCBs; periodically watering so as to keep a proper moisture, and harvesting the whole plants after 120 days so as to carry out appropriate treatment; and finishing a remediation period, repeating the above operations, until the content of Pb-PCBs in the soil lowers to a safety environmental standard. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the impatiens balsamina has strong adaptability and can resist against cold weather and poor soil, the seeds spilled on the ground can grow automatically and rapidly at proper damp and hot conditions; the culturing management is convenient. Compared with the traditional remediation method of the polluted soil, the remediation method of the soil polluted by Pb and PCBs by utilizing the tolerant flower impatiens balsamina provided by the invention is characterized by low cost, little construction volume, low requirement on techniques and no secondary pollution, and the environment can be beautified during soil remediation.

Description

A kind of method of repairing lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls combined contamination soil
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology of heavy metal-persistent organism combined contamination soil, particularly a kind of method of repairing lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls combined contamination soil.
Technical background
Because mining; sewage irrigations etc. cause the heavy metal pollution in the soil day by day serious; show according to Chinese environmental statistical yearbook data in 2008; in the dirty irrigated area in 1,400,000 hectares in the whole nation; the area that is subjected to heavy metal pollution accounts for 64.8%, and the contaminated area of its mild or moderate and moderate reaches 87.0%, referring to document 1: State Statistics Bureau; environmental protection general bureau. Chinese environmental statistical yearbook-2008[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.And along with the fast development of information technology, the quickening that electronic product updates, increasing electronic product is eliminated, and electronic waste is disassembled the heavy metal that is discharged in the environment when reclaiming is just becoming a kind of new pollution sources.Electronic waste is disassembled the district and surrounding enviroment soil all is subject to serious heavy metal pollution, wherein the concentration of Pb is more up to 110000mg/kg, referring to document 2:Leung A O W, Duzgoren-Aydin N S, Cheung K C, et al.Heavy Metals Concentrations of Surface Dust from e-Waste Recycling and Its Human Health Implications in Southeast China[J] .Environmental Science ﹠amp; Technology, 2008,42 (7): 2674-2680.Disassembling of electronic waste can be accompanied by serious persistent organism pollution leakage simultaneously, wherein disassembling the PCBs that distinguishes agricultural land soil at certain main rubbish can be up to 788 μ g/kg, form heavy metal and persistent organism combined pollution, referring to document 3: Chu Shaogang, Yang Chun, Xu Xiao is from, Liu Xiaoxing. the condition survey [J] of residual Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in typical IA bed mud and the soil. and China Environmental Science, 1995,15 (3): 199-203.
Excessive Pb not only can directly threaten human production environment and food security in the contaminated soil, can also by directly contact or food chain enrichment in human body, produce slow poisoning, blood Pb content overproof.The Pb of human body excess intake can damage nervous system, blood forming organ and kidney; Make us poor appetite, emotional, headache and insomnia, hypomnesia, DOMS, anaemia etc., seriously cause shock even dead; Pb and compound thereof can cause palpitaition, and have carcinogenic and mutagenesis.
Method to the heavy metal pollution soil remediation mainly contains physics, chemistry and bioremediation technology.Common physics, chemical harnessing method have soil moved in to improve the original method, chemical leaching method, electronic reparation, chelating method and plasma exchange process etc.These method improvement method speed are fast, instant effect, technical difficulty is high, cost is large, quantities reaches greatly and causes easily secondary pollution problems but exist, generally be applied to reach among a small circle and require to be difficult to promote in the contaminated soil repairing and treating large at area, that pollution level is light in the short contaminated soil improvement of repairing efficiency.And by agronomy regulation, regulate soil pH, moisture, oxidation-reduction potential, the heavy metal in the curing soil, and the low accumulation of screening crops can reduce crop to the absorption of heavy metal, reduce heavy metal to the threat of health.But this method can't fundamentally be administered heavy metal in soil and be polluted.
Phytoremediation (phytoremediation) refer to utilize plant to shift, hold or the conversion environment medium in hazardous contaminant, make its environmental sound, make contaminated environment obtain repairing and improvement, referring to document 4:Cunningham SD, Shann JR, Crowley DR, et al.Phytoremediation of contaminated water and soil.Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants[R] .USA:American Chemical Society, 1997,2-17.Plant restoration method mainly comprises plant extract, phytovolatilization, plant degradation, plant stability, plant rhizosphere degraded and rhizosphere filtration etc., referring to document 5:Cunningham SD, Ow DW.Promises and prospects of phytoremediation.Plant Physiology, 1996,110 (3), 715-719; Referring to document 6:Flathman PE, Lanza GR.Phytoremediation current views on an emerging green technology[J] .Journal of Soil Contamination, 1998,7 (6), 415-432.Compare with traditional recovery technique, it has the characteristics such as expense is cheap, cost is low, easy to operate, when finishing the contaminated soil repairing and treating, has also beautified environment, and is accepted by the public easily.Wherein filter out the key that suitable rehabilitation plant is whole technology, at present confirmed have the plant of hyperaccumulation that marsh daisy (Armeria martina) is arranged to Pb, penny cress belongs to (Thlaspi rotundifolium), front yard shepherd's purse (Alyssum walfenianum), white drum nail genus (Polycarpaea synandra) etc., referring to document 7:Piechalak A, Tomaszewska B, Baralkiewicz D, Malecka A.Accumulation and detoxification of lead ions in legumes[J] .Phytochemistry, 2002,60 (2): 153-162.But in the time of to Pb and the compound existence of persistence organic pollutant, whether the counterweight metal has the fewer of repair research to plant.
China is not only one of country that has in the world the flowers most species, and be the cradle of world flower cultivation, the flower plant resource is very abundant, have the following advantages at flower plant kind screening super enriching plant and for repairing research and practice: 1) Of Flower Resources quite enriches, has a high potential, and this just makes screening operation that solid foundation has been arranged; When 2) carrying out soil remediation, can beautify the environment, kill two birds with one stone; 3) flowers belong to ornamental plant, can not enter food chain, can reduce the harm to human body; 4) a lot of ornamental plants have certain economic worth, and vegetable material can be used as raw material after repairing, and repair output to improve, and reduce rehabilitation cost; 5) the human experiences such as breed breeding, flower culture and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of enriching that in long-term production practices, accumulated, referring to document 8: Liu Jianv, Zhou Qixing, Sun Ting, be applied to the feasibility study [J] that contaminated soil is repaired Deng flower plant. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006,18 (7), 1617-1623.Thus, from flowers screening can be under the combined pollution condition to have the plant of repair and be used for repairing practice Pb be feasible.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the above-mentioned state of the art and existing problems, a kind of method of utilizing flower plant balsamine (Impatiens balsamina) to repair lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls combined contamination soil is provided, and the method has that small investment, quantities are little, specification requirement advantages of higher not; And as a kind of green in-situ recovery technique, the plant of gathering in the crops is focused on, can not cause secondary pollution; The process of repairing simultaneously not only can the spoiled soil ecological environment, also helps to improve the soil degradation and the productivity that cause because of heavy metal Pb and PCBs combined pollution and descends, and recovers and improves its bio-diversity.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The method of a kind of reparation lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls (Pb-PCBs) combined contamination soil, step is as follows:
1) choose full I.balsamina L.seeds, clean with distilled water flushing after 10 minutes with the sterilization of 10wt% hydrogen peroxide, point is sowed in the soil of seedling-growing container, keeps ground moistening;
2) the balsamine sprigging that 5-8 centimetre of high growing way is consistent is in the soil of Pb-PCBs combined pollution, and water 1-2 every day, makes soil moisture content remain on the 60-80% of field capacity;
3) after the balsamine maturation, its integral body from soil is removed, plants again second batch of balsamine, repeat aforesaid operations, until in the soil content decrease of Pb-PCBs to environmental safety standard.
Described balsamine is impatiens Balsaminaceae annual herb flower plant, plant height 30-80 centimetre, pattern is bright-coloured, color is various, comprise white, purple and redness, can open the flower of several colors in the same strain, its flower is just like fly phoenix, wing uropodium is various, claim again buttercup, arranged dividing of single-lobe bivalve, flower type attitude is graceful; The florescence of balsamine is the 6-8 month, knot capsule, capsule spindle, adularescent fine hair, and to split be the fruit lobe of 5 circumvolutions to bullet when ripe; Seed is most, and sphere, black, shape are like peach-shaped, and seed natural seeding breeding is ejected in the voluntarily explosion of seed maturity rear casing.
The balsamine that described balsamine maturation is gathered in the crops afterwards can be used as ornamental flower and sells, or adopts and focus on the sanitary landfills mode and process.
Advantage of the present invention is: the balsamine strong adaptability, cold-resistant impoverishment tolerant, but scatter seed self-growth under suitable wet heat condition on the ground, and growth rapidly, disease and pest is generally seldom arranged, cultivation management is convenient, and experiment shows, balsamine has very strong patience and to the Pb accumulation capability under the Pb-PCBs combined pollution; Repair the Pb-PCBs combined contamination soil by the plantation balsamine, the method is compared with traditional physics, the method for chemical harnessing contaminated soil, has that small investment, quantities are little, a specification requirement advantages of higher not; And as a kind of green in-situ recovery technique, the plant of gathering in the crops is focused on, can not cause secondary pollution; The process of repairing simultaneously not only can the spoiled soil ecological environment, and the soil degradation and the productivity that also help to improve because heavy metal Pb-the PCBs combined pollution causes descend, and recovers and improves its bio-diversity.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the different distribution maps that pollute accumulation Pb amount in the processed group balsamine body.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment:
The method of a kind of reparation lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls (Pb-PCBs) combined contamination soil, step is as follows:
1) choose full I.balsamina L.seeds, clean with distilled water flushing after 10 minutes with the sterilization of 10wt% hydrogen peroxide, point is sowed in the soil of seedling-growing container, keeps ground moistening;
2) the balsamine sprigging that 5-8 centimetre of high growing way is consistent is in the soil of Pb-PCBs combined pollution, and water 1-2 every day, makes soil moisture content remain on the 60-80% of field capacity;
3) after the balsamine maturation, its integral body from soil is removed, plants again second batch of balsamine, repeat aforesaid operations, until in the soil content decrease of Pb-PCBs to environmental safety standard.
Balsamine is repaired the greenhouse pot culture experiment of Pb under the Pb-PCBs combined pollution:
The potted plant experiment place is in the greenhouse of institute of Taida of Nankai University, and cleaning soil picks up from Jie Yang County Guangdong Provice Xian Qiao district.13 processed group are established in this experiment altogether, each is processed and repeats 3 times, the interpolation concentration of Pb-PCBs is 0-0(CK), 300-0(T1), 300-50 (T2), 300-100 (T3), 300-500 (T4), 600-0 (T5), 600-50 (T6), 600-100 (T7), 600-500 (T8), 1000-0 (T9), 1000-50 (T10), 1000-100 (T11), 1000-500 (T12), each processed group is added the concentration ρ of pollutant Pb* ρ PCBs, the Pb concentration unit is mg/kg, the PCBs concentration unit is μ g/kg, wherein Pb is with analytically pure Pb(NO) 3, the form of PCBs take standard items PCB18 and PCB28 concentration ratio as 1:1 added.Every basin fills native 2kg, and it is all stand-by to add pollutant back balance 3.Carry out simultaneously flower seedling raising, choose full I.balsamina L.seeds, with clean with distilled water flushing after the sterilization in 10 minutes of 10wt% hydrogen peroxide dipping, point is sowed in the seedlings nursing plate, keeps ground moistening, after 15-20 days, height of seedling 5-8 the inside is chosen the consistent seedling of growing way and is moved in the above-mentioned processing basin 3 in every basin.Water in right amount according to soil water regime every day, makes soil moisture content often remain on the 60-80% of field capacity.For preventing the appearance of balsamine powdery mildew, affect the balsamine repairing effect, the temperature that should control the greenhouse can not be too high, and suitably ventilate.When powdery mildew occurring, available 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1000 times of sprinklings of carbendazim medicament dilution.
Plant growth is gathered in the crops plant after 4 months, the sample of gathering in the crops is divided into root, stem, leaf 3 parts, rinses well with running water respectively, use again distilled water flushing, drain moisture, completed 20 minutes at 105 ℃, then under 65 ℃, dry to constant weight, pulverize for subsequent use after the weighing dry weight.Plant sample employing volume ratio is that nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide method of 3:1 is cleared up, with atomic absorption spectrophotometer mensuration Pb content wherein.
Chart production adopts Origin8.0, and the organic result of institute is the mean values of 3 heavy experimental datas, significance of difference employing SAS9.1.3(Duncan method) to test, statistical significance is made as p<0.05.
Experimental result is as follows:
The dry weight of transplanting the balsamine plant each several part after 4 months is as shown in table 1.
Each processed group balsamine plant dry weight of table 1
Figure BDA00002624930500041
Figure BDA00002624930500051
Experimental result shows: all pollute the balsamine plant gross dry weight of processed group all less than the blank group.PCBs reveals different effects to the balsamine growth table during from different concentration Pb combination.Under Pb pollutes for the 300mg/kg processing, the biomass of Pb-PCBs Combined Processing group is all greater than single Pb processed group, the existence of PCBs has promoted the growth of balsamine, it is maximum that combined pollution when wherein PCBs concentration is 50 μ g/kg is processed dry weight, be significantly higher than single Pb processed group, along with the increase of PCBs concentration, the above and below ground part dry weight of balsamine is all reducing.Under the processing when Pb pollutes for 600mg/kg, process with respect to single Pb, PCBs has promoted the growth of balsamine when concentration is 100 μ g/kg, all the other two groups of growths that then suppress balsamine, wherein the above and below ground part dry weight significant difference of processed group T7 and T8.Pollute under the 1000mg/kg treatment conditions at Pb, Pb-PCBs combined pollution processed group biomass is all less than single Pb processed group, and PCBs has suppressed the growth of balsamine, but along with the increase of PCBs concentration, balsamine above and below ground part dry weight all increases gradually.
Different parts is as shown in table 2 to the Pb cumulant in the balsamine plant body under the difference pollution is processed.
Pb is in the cumulant (mg/kg) of balsamine plant each several part under each processed group of table 2
Figure BDA00002624930500052
Figure BDA00002624930500061
Experimental result shows: Pb cumulant in the balsamine body is followed successively by root from high to low〉stem〉leaf, each position of balsamine increases along with the increase of Pb concentration in the processed group the Pb cumulant.But when the Pb concentration for the treatment of was identical, each position of balsamine but presented different Changing Patterns because of the difference of PCBs concentration for the treatment of to the cumulant of Pb.For root, when the Pb concentration for the treatment of was 600mg/kg and 1000mg/kg, the Pb-PCBs combined pollution was processed lower balsamine the Pb cumulant all is higher than single Pb pollution processed group, reaches maximum 279.43 and 559.77mg/kg at T8 and T11 respectively.For stem, when the Pb concentration for the treatment of was 1000mg/kg, Pb-PCBs combined pollution processed group balsamine all was significantly higher than single Pb to the cumulant of Pb and pollutes processed group, and the Pb concentration for the treatment of when being 600mg/kg situation opposite.For leaf section, be under the 1000mg/kg in the Pb concentration for the treatment of, balsamine reaches maximum to the Pb cumulant when the PCBs concentration for the treatment of is 100 μ g/kg, be significantly higher than other processed group.
Accumulation rate refers to that each position heavy metal accumulation amount of plant accounts for the percentage of whole strain plant heavy metal accumulation amount.Under difference pollute to be processed, the balsamine different parts to the accumulation rate situation of Pb as shown in drawings.Show among the figure: combined pollution processed group balsamine root presents single Pb processed group greater than correspondence generally to the accumulation rate of Pb, and namely PCBs has promoted the accumulation of Pb at the balsamine root, has reduced the ratio that Pb shifts to aerial part.
Conclusion: under Pb-PCBs combined pollution condition, balsamine has shown preferably patience and to the Pb cumulative function.In contrast to single Pb and pollute processing, the Pb-PCBs combined pollution has promoted the growth of balsamine when low concentration Pb is 300mg/kg, suppressed the growth of balsamine when high Pb concentration is 1000mg/kg, but has promoted the accumulation of balsamine to Pb; The Pb-PCBs combined pollution has promoted Pb the accumulating of plant root, and having reduced on the ground, tissue being subjected to the Pb damaging effect.Therefore, the Pb that uses in the flower plant balsamine reparation Pb-PCBs combined contamination soil has preferably potentiality.

Claims (3)

1. method of repairing lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls (Pb-PCBs) combined contamination soil is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) choose full I.balsamina L.seeds, clean with distilled water flushing after 10 minutes with the sterilization of 10wt% hydrogen peroxide, point is sowed in the soil of seedling-growing container, keeps ground moistening;
2) the balsamine sprigging that 5-8 centimetre of high growing way is consistent is in the soil of Pb-PCBs combined pollution, and water 1-2 every day, makes soil moisture content remain on the 60-80% of field capacity;
3) after the balsamine maturation, its integral body from soil is removed, plants again second batch of balsamine, repeat aforesaid operations, until in the soil content decrease of Pb-PCBs to environmental safety standard.
2. the method for described multiple lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls (Pb-PCBs) combined contamination soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described balsamine is impatiens Balsaminaceae annual herb flower plant, plant height 30-80 centimetre, pattern is bright-coloured, color is various, comprises white, purple and redness, can open the flower of several colors in the same strain, its flower is just like fly phoenix, and a wing uropodium is various, claims again buttercup, arranged dividing of single-lobe bivalve, and flower type attitude is graceful; The florescence of balsamine is the 6-8 month, knot capsule, capsule spindle, adularescent fine hair, and to split be the fruit lobe of 5 circumvolutions to bullet when ripe; Seed is most, and sphere, black, shape are like peach-shaped, and seed natural seeding breeding is ejected in the voluntarily explosion of seed maturity rear casing.
3. the method for described multiple lead-Polychlorinated biphenyls (Pb-PCBs) combined contamination soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the balsamine that described balsamine maturation is gathered in the crops afterwards can be used as ornamental flower and sells, or adopts and focus on the sanitary landfills mode and process.
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Application publication date: 20130327