CN101842049A - 矫形外科接合件 - Google Patents

矫形外科接合件 Download PDF

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CN101842049A
CN101842049A CN200880100619A CN200880100619A CN101842049A CN 101842049 A CN101842049 A CN 101842049A CN 200880100619 A CN200880100619 A CN 200880100619A CN 200880100619 A CN200880100619 A CN 200880100619A CN 101842049 A CN101842049 A CN 101842049A
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fabric
coating
orthopedic
interface
orthopedic interface
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CN101842049B (zh
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T·凯蒂威格
S·扎林
B·加鲁斯
F·鲁埃斯
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Otto Bock Healthcare GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有扁平的3D织物(2)的矫形外科接合件(1)，其具有上侧(22)和下侧(21)，所述上侧(22)和下侧(21)通过支撑纤维(24)彼此保持间隔并彼此相连，其中，间隔织物(2)的下侧(21)构造成用于支承在接合件使用者的皮肤上。下侧(21)的与皮肤相对应的面至少部分地设置了有粘附性的覆层(23)。

Description

矫形外科接合件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有扁平的3D织物的矫形外科接合件(Interface)，该3D织物具有上侧和下侧，所述上侧和下侧通过支撑纤维彼此保持间隔并彼此相连，其中，3D织物的下侧构造成用于支承在接合件使用者的皮肤上，本发明还涉及一种由矫形外科接合件和矫形外科装置或假肢装置组成的系统。
背景技术
由DE 10219814B4已知一种生理学上的套筒，用于安放在人的四肢上，该套筒在佩戴状态下伸展并与身体形状相匹配。安放的套筒在一定的压力下压迫肌肉组织，其中，规定该套筒由具有弹性纤维的间隔针织物构成。通过安放套筒，可增加肌肉组织在静止状态下的供血。该套筒用于改善佩戴者的健康，并不起矫形外科接合件的作用。
此外，从现有技术中已知一种由硅酮或共聚物构成的所谓衬套，该衬套被佩戴在截肢残段上，以便在假肢筒和截肢残段之间产生填塞的且气密的耦接。同样还已知由聚氨脂构成的衬套，该衬套直接佩戴在接合件使用者的皮肤上。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种矫形外科接合件，以及提供一种由接合件和矫形外科装置或假肢装置组成的系统，借助它们可改善承重能力，并能够提高佩戴舒适性。
按本发明，该目的通过具有权利要求1特征的矫形外科接合件和通过具有权利要求19特征的系统实现。在从属权利要求中列举了本发明的有利的构造方案和改进方案。
按本发明的矫形外科接合件具有扁平的3D织物，所述3D织物具有上侧和下侧，所述上侧和下侧通过支撑纤维彼此保持间隔并彼此相连，其中，3D织物的下侧构造成用于支承在接合件使用者的皮肤上，规定：下侧的与皮肤相对应的表面或侧面至少部分地设置了有粘附性的(即粘在皮肤上)的覆层，以确保矫形外科接合件与身体部位(例如截肢残段或借助矫形外科支架待支承的四肢)的配合。通过3D织物可提高佩戴舒适性，因为可以逐点地分配压力。此外，3D织物是透气的，并可透过皮肤实现自然的液体交换。
同样还可规定，矫形外科接合件的外侧(即上侧的表面)至少部分地设置有覆层，该覆层有利于提高在矫形外科接合件上的粘附。该覆层或者这些覆层可例如由硅酮、聚氨脂或共聚体构成，因此一方面改善在皮肤上的粘附，另一方面改善在其它矫形外科部件(例如矫形外科支架或假肢)上的粘附。同样，该覆层可构造为导电的，以刺激皮肤表面、传导电势或把信号传递到例如3D织物的外侧上。该信号传导可例如通向传感器或分析处理装置中。
该覆层或这些覆层可施加在上侧和/或下侧的各个表面上的相互间隔的区域中，例如以条形、点状、环形或以其它扁平的设计形式。同样还可能的是，只在矫形外科接合件的特别受压的区域中，在表面上施加相应覆层，而在受压较小的区域中没有覆层。这提高了佩戴舒适性，并使皮肤的热量和湿气通过该接合件更好地被交换到周围环境中。替代地规定，在整个面上设置该覆层或这些覆层，以确保接合件的最大粘附。为了保持湿气交换，该覆层可以是透湿气的。为此，可相应地选择覆层的材料，例如聚氨脂或共聚体形式的材料。同样，可设置带穿孔的大幅面覆层区域，以允许空气和水分渗出。即使对于整个面的覆层来说，也可以进行空气和湿气交换，因为例如薄的硅酮覆层别制造成透气的。通过3D织物中的位于上侧和下侧之间的空气层可实现附加的隔热。
3D织物的经处理的纤维本身同样可被覆层，以满足对织物的特殊要求。该覆层可以实现更好的皮肤相容性，或更好地传输湿气，从而进一步提高接合件的佩戴舒适性。
为了实现更好的皮肤相容性，纤维或接合件的覆层可用抗菌介质浸湿，或掺以抗菌介质，同样可规定，把银纤维织入或纺织到下侧或3D织物中，以改善皮肤相容性。3D织物或该覆层或这些覆层也可用银来蒸镀，或构造成掺以碘化银。
作为附着性的覆层的代替或补充，在上侧(即矫形外科接合件的外侧)上具有结构，该结构在接合件的插入方向上比逆着插入方向具有更小的阻力。该结构可构成或施加为顺毛绒(Strichvelours)，通过顺毛绒可建立与矫形外科构件(例如外筒)或矫形外科支架的连接。为此，织物或结构或覆层这样地设计成在一个方向上定向地倾斜，即可更加容易地滑入用于四肢的容纳装置中，但是能够有效地阻止滑出。为了松开接合件和矫形外科构件之间的耦接，则要松开支架，例如扳开或展开支架。
矫形外科接合件可构造为衬套，用于安放在截肢残段上。同样还可能的是，矫形外科接合件还可构造为柔性的筒或构造为柔性的筒部分，并具有用于矫形外科元件或假肢部件的容纳装置。
为了能更加简单地安放矫形外科接合件，该矫形外科接合件优选按解剖学结构进行预成型，同样可具有敞开的横截面，并通过连接装置(例如尼龙搭扣或类似物体)来安放。
3D织物优选构造为间隔针织物或间隔编织物。间隔针织物在上侧优选具有上方织物，在下侧(即与接合件使用者的皮肤相对应的那一侧)具有所谓的下方织物。该上方织物和下方织物形成间隔针织物的终端，并一方面构成了用于矫形外科支架或假肢的接触面，另一方面构成了用于皮肤的接触面。
本发明的一种扩展方案规定，电极设置在接合件的内侧或加入到3D织物中，以便传导肌肉或神经信号，或刺激肌肉和神经。这些电极能以不同的方式和方法来施加，例如绣上、缝上、粘上或焊上。
按本发明的系统设置了接合件(如上面已描述的一样)以及一与该接合件相耦接的矫形外科装置或假肢装置，其能够通过耦接器件固定在接合件的上方织物或外侧上。矫形外科装置或假肢装置可具有形状基本稳定的容纳部，该容纳部内侧具有覆层，其中，该覆层可由有粘附性的材料(例如硅酮、聚氨脂或共聚体)构成，或由其它覆层(例如尼龙搭扣元件或顺毛绒)构成，以实现形状稳定的容纳部与接合件的耦接。替代地或补充地，在该容纳部与接合件相对应的一侧上设置有一结构，该结构具有小的插入阻力和逆着插入方向的大的阻力。该结构可由相应定向的形状锁合元件或类似物构成。
附图说明
下面借助附图详细地阐述了本发明的实施例。其中：
图1示出了衬套形式的接合件的立体图；
图2示出了矫形外科装置的立体局部图；
图3示出了具有接合件的按图2的假肢装置；
图4示出了接合件和容纳部的放大剖视图；以及
图5示出了具有电极的局部剖开的变型方案。
具体实施方式
在图1中，以立体示意图示出了所谓的衬套形式的矫形外科接合件1，该矫形外科接合件1按解剖结构进行预成型，以便能安放在截肢残段上。矫形外科接合件1由3D织物构成，当前形式是间隔针织物2，该3D织物在面向接合件使用者皮肤的下侧21由下方织物构成，而在上侧22由背向皮肤的上方织物构成，在这上方织物和下方织物之间设置了支撑纤维24，该支撑纤维24使上方织物22和下方织物21彼此保持间隔并彼此相连。如果3D织物中没有上方织物，对应的上侧和下侧用参考标记22、21表示，则上方织物22和下方织物21相当于上侧和下侧。在上方织物22和下方织物21之间，通过支撑纤维24构成一个通风良好的中间腔。同样也可以使用其它的3D织物(例如间隔针织物2)，即使没有上方织物和下方织物，或只有下方织物或上方织物。该接合件1可由裁剪料通过缝合制成。同样还可能的是，以其它的方式和方法将裁剪料连接起来，例如通过粘合或焊接。
在接合件1的内侧上，一些区域被施加了有粘附性的覆层23，该覆层23粘附在接合件使用者的皮肤上，例如在截肢残段上。该覆层23可构造为线状、点状、圆形或棱角状。原则上同样可能的是，衬套的整个内侧(即下方织物21的表面)都设置有覆层23。在只是部分区域地设置覆层的情况下，可更好地将使用者皮肤的湿气传输到周围环境中，因此可提高佩戴的舒适度。相反，整面的覆层23则由于粘附面积增大而实现更好的粘附。
尤其可以考虑硅酮覆层、聚脂胺覆层或由共聚体构成的覆层来做覆层23，但原则上也可以设置其它的覆层，并且可以使下方织物21并因而使3D织物1更好地粘附在皮肤表面上。
在上方织物22上，即在衬套或矫形外科接合件的外侧上，同样也可以设置覆层23。该覆层可同样由有粘附性的材料构成，其中，衬套或接合件1的外侧设有覆层，该覆层是针对设置在它周围的矫形外科构件(例如假肢筒或矫形外科支架)进行选择。在此还可规定，确保间隔针织物2更好地粘附在位于外面的构件上。还可在上方织物22上设置或构成起形状锁合作用的元件，如顺毛绒或尼龙搭扣区域。
与图1所示的封闭横截面不同的是，接合件1也可具有敞开的横截面，同样也可实现部分封闭的和部分敞开的横截面。同样可能的是，在接合件1上设置封闭装置，借助该封闭装置可实现打开和关闭，以简化安放和脱下。
在图2中示出了假肢的支架3，该支架3具有连接翼4，该连接翼4使支架3与铰接装置相连。该支架3具有管状的、弯曲的容纳部件30，该容纳部件30具有敞开的横截面并由弹性、稳定的塑料制成，还具有外侧32和内侧31。覆层区域33构成在支架3的内侧31上，该覆层区域33由有粘附性的材料或由顺毛绒构成。同样还可能的是，设置多个不同类型的覆层33。原则上，支架3的整个内侧31也能设置覆层。也可以在支架3的内侧上设置可选的结构，这些结构在接合件的插入方向上比逆着插入方向具有更小的阻力，例如相应地成型的形状锁合元件，其嵌入到接合件的相对应成型的结构中。
在图3中示出了，具有连接翼4的支架3与矫形外科接合件1共同起作用。在所示的实施形式中，支架3的覆层33设计成顺毛绒并这样地定向，即矫形外科接合件1可从上面插入，该矫形外科接合件1构造为用于截肢残段的衬套。顺毛绒33的顺毛方向在此朝下倾斜地定向，因此矫形外科接合件1可轻易地滑进支架3中，但不能或很难滑出来。为了从支架3中松开矫形外科接合件1，要把支架3扳开。支架3的敞开的横截面可通过皮带或夹紧装置来桥接，以实现径向压迫和稳定性。矫形外科接合件1的部分敞开结构同样可通过封闭装置来桥接。
在图4中以放大的细节图示出了支架3与矫形外科接合件1的间隔针织物2共同起作用。在矫形外科接合件1的内侧(即在下方织物21上)，设置了有粘附性的覆层23，例如由共聚体或硅酮构成。该覆层23沿纵向延伸定向地施加，并使皮肤表面与接合件1稳定地配合。通过支撑纤维24，可提供气垫和弹性软垫。在接合件1的外侧上(即在上方织物22上)没有设置覆层，而是通过顺毛绒33实现与支架3的耦接，该顺毛绒33是这样定向的，即可使矫形外科接合件1从上往下地插入，但很难或不能在朝上的方向上拔出。
矫形外科接合件1也可作为柔性的筒或柔性的筒部分来用，同样也可设置相应的内部覆层，用于截肢残段或者用于身体部分和外部装置或覆盖件或功能单元之间的其它起支撑作用的功能，以便在配合精确且佩戴舒适性高的情况下能够将压力均匀地且大面积地分布在身体部位上。
令人意外的是，尽管上侧和下侧之间具有空气层，仍可在矫形外科装置(如矫形外科支架或假肢)和接合件使用者之间达到良好的耦接。这在以前被认为是不可能的。在面向皮肤的这一侧上不带粘附性覆层的3D织物也可作为矫形外科接合件来使用，并在保证佩戴安全性的同时具有意想不到地高的佩戴舒适性。
在图5中示出了本发明的变型方案，其中，以局部剖面图示出了矫形外科接合件1。3D织物2的构造与图1、3和4的构造相一致，没有示出必要时存在于内侧21或外侧22上的覆层。在矫形外科接合件的内部设置了两个电极5，这些电极5可通过电连接器件6将数据传输到未示出的分析处理单元上。同样可能的是，可进行电极5的无线数据传输。这些电极5设置在间隔针织物2的内侧21上，并可缝在、粘贴在、焊接在那里或以其它方式固定在那里。通过这些电极5来导出表面电势(
Figure GPA00001009565300061
)，因此可例如通过肌电信号来实现对假肢的控制。同样还可能的是，电极5集成在间隔针织物2内部，使得只有电极5与皮肤表面的接触面伸出超过3D织物2的内侧21。通过3D织物2内部的空隙来实现导电连接器件6的穿通，该3D织物2例如构造为间隔针织物或间隔编织物。同样为了固定这些电极，可从间隔针织物或间隔编织物2上割出一个窗口，并将这些电极放在该窗口中。

Claims (23)

1.一种具有扁平的3D织物的矫形外科接合件，该矫形外科接合件具有上侧和下侧，所述上侧和下侧通过支撑纤维彼此保持间隔并彼此相连，其中，3D织物的下侧构造成用于支承在接合件使用者的皮肤上，其特征在于，所述下侧(21)的与皮肤相对应的表面至少部分地设置了有粘附性的覆层(23)。
2.按权利要求1所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，背向皮肤的所述上侧(22)至少部分地设置有覆层(23)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述覆层(23)由硅酮、聚氨脂和/或共聚体构成。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述覆层(23)是能导电的。
5.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述覆层(23)尤其是条状地、点状地、环形地或以其它形状施加在相互间隔的区域中。
6.按权利要求1至4之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，覆层(23)是整面施加的。
7.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述覆层(23)构造为透空气的和/或透湿气的。
8.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述3D织物(2)的经处理的纤维至少部分地被覆层。
9.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，银纤维被织入或纺织入3D织物(2)中、尤其是下侧(21)中。
10.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述上侧(22)具有一结构，所述结构在接合件(1)的插入方向上比逆着插入方向具有更小的阻力。
11.按权利要求10所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，顺毛绒构造或施加在上侧(22)上。
12.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述矫形外科接合件构造为衬套，用于安放在截肢残段上。
13.按权利要求1至8之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述矫形外科接合件构造为柔性的筒或构造为柔性的筒部分，所述筒或筒部分具有用于矫形外科部件或假肢部件的容纳装置。
14.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述矫形外科接合件按解剖学结构预成型地构造。
15.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述3D织物构造为间隔针织物或间隔编织物。
16.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述下侧(21)构造为下方织物，而所述上侧(22)构造为上方织物。
17.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，电极(5)施加在所述下侧(21)上或加入到所述3D织物(2)中。
18.按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件，其特征在于，所述3D织物(2)和/或覆层(23)构造为抗菌的，尤其是用银蒸镀和/或掺以碘化银。
19.一种系统，该系统由按上述权利要求之一所述的矫形外科接合件(1)和一矫形外科装置或假肢装置(3、4)构成。
20.按权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述矫形外科装置或假肢装置(3、4)具有形状基本稳定的容纳部(13)，所述容纳部(13)具有一结构，所述结构在接合件(1)的插入方向上比逆着插入方向具有更小的阻力。
21.按权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述结构构造为顺毛绒。
22.按权利要求19或20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述矫形外科装置或假肢装置(3、4)具有形状基本稳定的容纳部(3)，所述容纳部(3)在内侧(31)上具有覆层(33)。
23.按权利要求22所述的系统，其特征在于，所述覆层(33)构造为顺毛绒。
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