CN101823886A - 用于制备陶瓷件的组合物 - Google Patents
用于制备陶瓷件的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101823886A CN101823886A CN200910262527A CN200910262527A CN101823886A CN 101823886 A CN101823886 A CN 101823886A CN 200910262527 A CN200910262527 A CN 200910262527A CN 200910262527 A CN200910262527 A CN 200910262527A CN 101823886 A CN101823886 A CN 101823886A
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- IXLCRBHDOFCYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)chromium;mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O IXLCRBHDOFCYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于制备陶瓷件的组合物，其至少包括陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分；本发明还涉及用于制备权利要求该组合物的方法，其包括混合所述陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分的方法步骤；本发明还涉及该组合物在制备陶瓷件中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备陶瓷件的组合物以及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
陶瓷由于其特殊的材料特异性越来越多地用于机械制造、汽车工程、化学工程、电气工程、日常生活领域、微系统技术和加工技术中。
利用高压陶瓷注塑法(CIM)可经济性地和以有竞争性的价格大量制备很复杂的几何形状制品。陶瓷注塑法是一种塑性成型方法，其中将含陶瓷粉末和有机粘合剂的热塑性物料(复合物)注入具有目标几何形状的模具中。经冷却后从模具中取出构件，并可直接送入后续(热)处理如去粘合剂和烧结。该所得的陶瓷件通常无需其它后加工(烧成质量)。
但为实现陶瓷件的高精密度、高应力和高可靠性，还需该陶瓷件具有无缺陷的微结构。但该陶瓷件的微结构与该热塑性物料的组成和均匀性有很大关系，并且可出现明显降低该陶瓷负荷性的结构缺陷如气孔、纹理状孔隙度和有缺陷的收缩。
目前通常的复合物体系由各种有机成分组成，如粘合剂和其它添加剂，这些成分在其混合物中应确保所需的在热状态下的流动性和冷却后有高的构件强度。但大量成分使得常用的复合体系对原料加入量和原料质量的变化非常敏感。此外，工艺参数对所得产品质量也有很大影响，因此在批准新的生产加料前，要以昂贵的预制样调节所需的工艺参数及检验该陶瓷件的结构。但甚至在经最佳调节过的常用复合体系和工艺参数下，现时也不可能制备特别是适合汽车领域内的越来越高的要求的无缺陷的陶瓷件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种组合物，特别是所谓的“复合物体系”，以特别是借助于陶瓷注塑法制备陶瓷件，该组合物包含至少一种陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分。
本发明中术语“陶瓷成分”特别是意指陶瓷粉末、陶瓷颗粒(如喷雾颗粒)和陶瓷粉末-陶瓷颗粒混合物，其包括陶瓷化合物或由两种或更多种不同陶瓷化合物组成的混合物。
本发明中术语“耦合成分”特别意指可使粘合剂成分在陶瓷成分上产生特别均匀耦合的化合物或由两种或更多种化合物组成的混合物。
本发明中术语“粘合剂成分”特别意指可使陶瓷成分相粘结的化合物或由两种或更多种化合物组成的混合物。
由本发明的组合物可有利地制备复杂成形的陶瓷件，该陶瓷件无或仅有少许结构缺陷。此外，本发明的组合物可有利地具有高的稳定性和均匀性以及可在宽的工艺范围中加工。其优点为可不进行非常耗时的预制样。本发明的组合物的另一优点是该组合物可具有优良的流动特性，以致该组合物在由模具决定的流动分配后汇流时不产生粘合缝，该粘合缝通常在烧结后会在其结构中保留和在结构中出现弱点或甚至裂纹。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中，该组合物含≥45体积％-≤65体积％，例如≥50体积％-≤60体积％，特别是≥54体积％-≤57体积％的陶瓷成分，和/或≥0.01体积％-≤10体积％，例如≥0.1体积％-≤5体积％，特别是≥0.5体积％-≤2.0体积％的耦合成分，和/或≥35体积％-≤55体积％，例如≥37体积％-≤50体积％，特别是≥41体积％-≤45.5体积％的粘合剂成分。特别是该组合物可由≥45体积％-≤65体积％，例如≥50体积％-≤60体积％，特别是≥54体积％-≤57体积％的陶瓷成分，和/或≥0.01体积％-≤10体积％，例如≥0.1体积％-≤5体积％，特别是≥0.5体积％-≤2.0体积％的耦合成分，和/或≥35体积％-≤55体积％，例如≥37体积％-≤50体积％，特别是≥41体积％-≤45.5体积％的粘合剂成分组成。陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分的所述体积百分数宜如此选择，即其总数为100体积％。这种组合物可有利地具有提高的脱模稳定性或无或仅少许脱模裂纹。此外通过可使用的高陶瓷含量可确保侧面凸出的构件的不变形的去粘合剂和烧结。
所述陶瓷成分含量、耦合成分含量和粘合剂成分含量可能与陶瓷成分的细度或比表面积有关。特别是在具有高比表面积如用BET法测定为100m3/g的陶瓷成分时的陶瓷成分含量比具有低比表面积如用BET法测定为＜100m3/g的陶瓷成分时的陶瓷成分含量低。耦合成分含量和粘合剂成分含量在具有高比表面积如用BET法测定为100m3/g的陶瓷成分时可比具有低比表面积如用BET法测定为＜100m3/g的陶瓷成分时的要高。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该陶瓷成分含一种或多种氧化物式陶瓷化合物、一种或多种碳化物式陶瓷化合物、一种或多种氮化物式陶瓷化合物或其混合物。例如该陶瓷成分可含至少一种选自氧化铝、氧化锆、钛酸钡、滑石、锆钛酸铅(PZT)、碳化硅、氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化硼、氧化硅、氧化钡、氧化镁、氧化钙和其混合物中的陶瓷化合物或由其组成。
所述耦合成分的特征在于，该成分可与所用的陶瓷成分的表面产生化学结合。该化学结合例如是在耦合成分和陶瓷成分之间的共价结合、离子结合或配位结合，但也可以是氢桥结合或范德华相互作用。配位结合例如意指形成络合物。如在耦合成分的官能团和陶瓷成分的表面之间可发生例如布朗斯台德或路易斯酸/碱反应、络合物形成或酯化反应。通过耦合成分的这种耦合，通常特别是对整体物料和/或陶瓷成分的材料特性或体系特性和/或功能特性方面产生特定影响。其可例如涉及陶瓷成分表面的部分或全部的疏水性。这种由于耦合成分的结合而产生的陶瓷成分的改性可改进在由于耦合成分的结合所改性的陶瓷成分和例如部分或全部非极性粘合剂成分之间的相互作用(在此也称耦合)，例如经范德华力的相互作用。这特别确保了整个物料的均匀性的改进。此外，如果在陶瓷成分上耦合的耦合成分具有可与粘合成分相互作用的结构单元，则对均匀化也是有利的。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分含至少一种选自下列的化合物：
-羧酸，特别是脂肪酸，
-羧酸衍生物，特别是脂肪酸衍生物，
-酸性聚醚，
-磷酸酯，和
它们的混合物。例如该耦合成分可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成或由前述化合物的混合物组成。此外，例如该耦合成分可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成。术语“主要”意指该耦合成分可含由生产导致的杂质和副产物。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分含至少一种选自下列的化合物：
-羧酸，特别是脂肪酸，
-羟基官能改性的羧酸，特别是脂肪酸，
-羟基官能改性的含亲色素基团的羧酸，特别是脂肪酸，
-含酸基团的聚醚，特别是含酸基团的脂族聚醚，
-羧酸改性的，特别是脂肪酸改性的聚合物，
-羧酸改性的，特别是脂肪酸改性的聚酯，
-磷酸酯
和其混合物。例如该耦合成分可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成或由前述化合物的混合物组成。此外，例如该耦合成分可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成。术语“主要”意指该耦合成分可含由生产导致的杂质和副产物。本发明中术语“亲色素基团”可特别意指酯基，醚基和羧基。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分的羧酸、脂肪酸、改性羧酸或改性脂肪酸的链长为8-30个碳原子。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分的羧酸、脂肪酸、改性羧酸或改性脂肪酸含支链的碳链。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分的羧酸、脂肪酸、改性羧酸或改性脂肪酸在碳链上含至少一个酯基和/或醚基和/或其它羧基，特别是作为反应性的侧基(支链)。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分的羧酸、脂肪酸、改性羧酸或改性脂肪酸含不饱和的碳链。术语“不饱和的碳链”在此意指含一个或多个双键的碳链。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分的羧酸、脂肪酸、改性羧酸或改性脂肪酸含基本上完全不饱和，特别是完全不饱和的碳链。术语“基本上完全不饱和的碳链”在此意指其中的链上碳原子与双键之间的比为≥11∶1-≤24∶1，特别是≥18∶2-≤22∶6的碳链。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分含至少一种选自下列的羧酸，特别是脂肪酸：饱和脂肪酸，特别是癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十七酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、二十四酸、蜡酸、褐煤酸和/或蜂花酸；单不饱和脂肪酸，特别是十一烯酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈炔酸、岩芹酸、油酸、反油酸、11-十八碳烯酸、顺式-9-二十碳烯酸、二十碳烯酸鲸蜡烯酸、芥酸和/或神经酸；多不饱和脂肪酸，特别是亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、金盏酸、石榴油酸、α-桐酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、
鱼酸和/或二十二碳六烯酸
含官能团的脂肪酸，特别是斑鸠菊酸和蓖麻油酸；和它们的混合物。在该实施方案的一种方式中，该耦合成分由上述羧酸特别是脂肪酸中的一种组成，或由上述羧酸特别是脂肪酸的混合物组成。
在本发明的另一个特别优选实施方案中，该耦合成分包括至少一种选自下列的磷酸酯：羧酸的聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单醚和/或聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单酯的磷酸酯，如EFKA-5066、EFKA-5070、EFKA-5207、EFKA-5244、EFKA-6220、EFKA-6225、EFKA-6230、EFKA-8503、EFKA-8510、EFKA-8511、EFKA-8512、EFKA-8530、EFKA-8531、EFKA-8532(CIBA Specialty Chemicals Inc.，Klebeckstr.141，P.O.Box，4002Basel，Schweiz，公司的商品名)，Rhodafac PA23(Rhodia公司的商品名)，聚氧乙烯化的烷基醚磷酸酯和它们的混合物。例如该耦合成分可至少主要由上述磷酸酯之一组成或由上述磷酸酯的混合物组成。此外，例如该耦合成分可至少主要由上述磷酸酯之一组成。术语“主要”在此意指该磷酸酯可含由生产导致的杂质和副产物。
例如该耦合成分可以包括
-通式(1)的磷酸酯
或其盐，其中
n为1或2，
m为1-4，
A为单羟基，特别是聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单醚基，如C1-C20-烷基醚，优选甲基醚(MePEG)、(MePPG)、丁基醚(BuPPG)、烷基酚醚(APE)、C12-C20-脂肪醇醚或C10-C15-羰基合成醇醚，和/或聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇羧酸单酯基，特别是聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单月桂酸酯、聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单硬脂酸酯、聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单油酸酯或聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇苯甲酸酯，
B为单-、二-、三-或多羟基-二-、-三-或-多-羧基，例如酒石酸、马来酸、2-甲基马来酸、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸、5-羟基间苯二酸、抗坏血酸或柠檬酸，优选马来酸或柠檬酸，其通过羟基与磷酸相连和通过羧基与单羟基(A)相连，剩余的羧基保持游离或部分或全部由其它单羟基(A)酯化而形成支链酯，
(特别是[(A)m-B]可以是R2O，其中R2为C6-20-烷基或乙氧基化烷基，例如为通式(3)：C12-18-烷基-(OCH2CH2)z，其中z为0-4，特别是2-4；和/或
-通式(2)的聚氧乙烯化的烷基醚磷酸酯：
或其盐，其中
x为环氧乙烷数，如2-12，特别是6，7或8，
y为1，2或3，特别是2，
R1为特别是具有1-20个碳原子的线性或支链烷基，苯基，或烷芳基，特别是烷基链为8-12个碳原子的烷基苯基，例如是己基、辛基、癸基、十二烷基、油基或壬基苯基，特别是甲基，其中R1在m＝2或3时可以是相同的或不同的；
特别是该耦合成分可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成或由前述化合物的混合物组成。此外，例如该耦合成分可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成。术语“主要”在此意指该耦合成分可含由生产导致的杂质和副产物，如其在通式(1)的化合物情况下呈三酯形式的杂质和副产物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，该耦合成分是不含溶剂的。
在本发明中例如可使用EFKA-型产品，如EFKA-8512、EFKA-6230、EFKA-6220和EFKA-5207，特别是EFKA-5207(CIBA Specialty ChemicalsInc.，Klebeckstr.141，P.O.Box，4002，Basel，Schweiz，公司的商品名)作为耦合成分。
在本发明的另一个特别有利的实施方案中，粘合剂成分是有机粘合剂成分。
在本发明的另一个特别有利的实施方案中，该粘合剂成分包括至少一种选自下列的化合物：
-聚酯，特别是聚酯蜡，如无环或环状的，饱和或不饱和的聚酯蜡，
-聚烯烃，特别是聚烯烃蜡，如石蜡烃，
-聚氧化烯聚合物，特别是平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，例如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇(聚氧乙烯)，
-具有醚结构和/或酯结构的聚合物，如具有醚结构的聚酯和/或具有醚结构和/或酯结构的聚烯烃，再例如聚酯-聚氧烷-聚合物和/或聚烯烃-聚氧烷-聚合物，特别是具有聚乙二醇结构的聚酯和/或具有聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃，再特别是具有平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇-结构的聚酯和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚酯，和/或具有平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃，和它们的混合物。该粘合剂成分例如可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成或由前述化合物的混合物组成。此外，该粘合剂成分例如可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成。术语“主要”意指该粘合剂成分可含由生产导致的杂质和副产物。
在本发明的另一个特别有利的实施方案中，该粘合剂成分包括聚合物混合物。特别是该粘合剂成分可由聚合物混合物组成。优选该聚合物混合物含至少一种选自下列的化合物：
-聚酯，特别是聚酯蜡，如无环或环状的，饱和或不饱和的聚酯蜡，
-聚烯烃，特别是聚烯烃蜡，如石蜡烃，
-聚氧化烯聚合物，特别是平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，例如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇(聚氧乙烯)，
-具有醚结构和/或酯结构的聚合物，如具有醚结构的聚酯和/或具有醚结构和/或酯结构的聚烯烃，再例如聚酯-聚氧烷-聚合物和/或聚烯烃-聚氧烷-聚合物，特别是具有聚乙二醇结构的聚酯和/或具有聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃，再特别是具有平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚酯和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚酯，和/或具有平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃，和其混合物。例如该聚合物混合物可至少主要由前述化合物之一组成或由前述化合物的混合物组成。术语“主要”意指该聚合物混合物可含由生产导致的杂质和副产物。
在本发明的另一个特别有利的实施方案中，该聚合物混合物的分子量为≥10000g/mol-≤130000g/mol，特别是≥14000g/mol-≤100000g/mol。例如该粘合剂成分可以是基于(聚乙烯)-(聚(氧-1，2-乙烷二基)α-氢，Ω-羟基)的聚合物混合物，例如是脂-蜡。
在本发明中，可例如使用产品Licomont EK583、Licomont EK583G(以前为Clariant，现为eMBe Products & Service GmbH，Gemeindewald 7，86672，Thierhaupten，Deutschland公司的商品名)，Embemould C和Embemould M(eMBe Products & Service GmbH，Gemeindewald 7，86672Thierhaupten，Deutschland公司的商品名)作为粘合剂成分。
在本发明的另一个特别有利的实施方案中，所述陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分在组合物中呈均匀分布。
在本发明的另一个特别有利的实施方案中，本发明的组合物含：
-≥45体积％-≤65体积％，例如≥50体积％-≤60体积％，特别是≥54体积％-≤57体积％的陶瓷成分，和
-≥0.01体积％-≤10体积％，例如≥0.1体积％-≤5体积％，特别是≥0.5体积％-≤2.0体积％的脂肪酸或EFKA产品，如EFKA 8512、EFKA 6230、EFKA 6220或EFKA 5207，特别是EFKA 5207，或它们的混合物，和
-≥35体积％-≤55体积％，例如≥37体积％-≤50体积％，特别是≥41体积％-≤45.5体积％的Licomont EK583、Licomont EK583G、Embemould C或Embemould M，特别是Embemould C，或它们的混合物。
在此，所述体积百分数宜如此选择，即其总数为100体积％。
本发明中已表明，该组合物可简化为由陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分组成的三成分体系。
因此，在本发明的一个有利的实施方案中，本发明的组合物由陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分组成。例如本发明的组合物可由陶瓷成分；作为耦合成分的脂肪酸或EFKA产品，如EFKA 8512、EFKA 6230、EFKA6220或EFKA 5207，特别是EFKA 5207；和作为粘合剂成分的LicomontEK583、Licomont EK583G、Embemould C或Embemould M，特别是Embemould C组成。简化为三成分体系的有利结果为，由于减少了原料数目和由此减少了变化的工艺参数，如原料质量，可以降低产品质量的波动。此外，可减少混合错误和降低在加工处理时的耗费(质量、时间、成本)。
特别是本发明的组合物可由下列成分组成：
-≥45体积％-≤65体积％，例如≥50体积％-≤60体积％，特别是≥54体积％-≤57体积％的陶瓷成分，和
-≥0.01体积％-≤10体积％，例如≥0.1体积％-≤5体积％，特别是≥0.5体积％-≤2.0体积％的脂肪酸或EFKA产品，如EFKA 8512、EFKA 6230、EFKA 6220或EFKA 5207，特别是EFKA 5207，和
-≥35体积％-≤55体积％，例如≥37体积％-≤50体积％，特别是≥41体积％-≤45.5体积％的Licomont EK583、Licomont EK583G、Embemould C或，Embemould M，特别是Embemould C。
所述体积百分数宜如此选择，即其总数为100体积％。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于制备本发明的组合物的方法，该方法包括下列方法步骤：混合陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分。
在本发明方法的优选实施方案中，该混合在≥70℃-≤220℃，特别是≥100℃-≤150℃的温度下进行。
在本发明方法的另一优选实施方案中，该混合特别是通过在捏合装置如双螺杆捏合机、重型辗压机或西格马叶片式捏合机中的捏和进行。
耦合成分可在混合时单独加入，也可以预混合物形式加入。
在本发明方法的特别优选的实施方案中，在混合时耦合成分和粘合剂成分以预混合物形式加入。在该实施方案的一个优选形式中，该预混合物包括与耦合成分经充分混杂或匀质化的粘合剂成分颗粒。以此方式可有利地再加速匀质化时间。
在本发明方法的另一特别优选的实施方案中，陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分经混合成均匀的混合物。在本发明中术语“陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分的均匀混合物”也意指一种混合物，其中陶瓷成分和与耦合成分相混合的粘合剂成分颗粒呈均匀分布存在。
有关本发明方法的其它特征和优点可直接参阅与本发明的组合物相关的说明。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种由本发明方法制备的组合物，其用于制备陶瓷件，特别是用陶瓷注塑法来制备陶瓷件。
由本发明方法制备的组合物的其它特征和优点可直接参阅与本发明的组合物和本发明方法相关的说明。
本发明的另一目的是本发明的组合物或按本发明制备的组合物在制备陶瓷件、特别是用陶瓷注塑法制备陶瓷件中的应用。
有关本发明应用的其它特征和优点可直接参阅与本发明的组合物和本发明方法相关的说明。
本发明主题的其它优点和有利的方案通过附图示出和在下列说明书中阐述。要注意的是，该附图仅为描述性的，并非以任何形式来限制本发明。
附图说明：
图1a示出由本发明的三成分组合物所制成的构件的结构研磨面照相图；
图1b示出由本发明的三成分组合物所制成的构件的结构研磨面照相图；
图2a示出由常规的六成分组合物所制成的构件的结构研磨面照相图；
图2b示出由常规的六成分组合物所制成的构件的结构研磨面照相图。
为比较示出结构品质，由可比较的工艺参数由55.6体积％的氧化铝、1.2体积％的EFKA(CIBA Specialty Chemicals Inc.，Klebeckstr.141，P.O.Box 4002，Basel，Schweiz，公司的商品名)和43.2体积％的Embemould C(eMBe Products & Service GmbH，Gemeindewald 7，86672Thierhaupten，Deutschland公司的商品名)组成的本发明的三成分组合物制成构件和由含聚丙烯和聚乙二醇的常规六组分组合物制成构件。
图1a和1b表明，由本发明组合物制备的构件具有低的孔隙度，并且是均匀的、无凹孔和无定向多孔性(纹理)。
与图1a和1b所示构件相反，图2a和2b表明，由含聚丙烯和聚乙二醇的常规六组分组合物制成的构件具有沿物料流的纹理状多孔性。
Claims (18)
1.用于制备陶瓷件的组合物，其至少包括
-陶瓷成分，
-耦合成分，和
-粘合剂成分。
2.权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于，该组合物含≥45体积％-≤65体积％的陶瓷成分、≥0.01体积％-≤10体积％的耦合成分和≥35-≤55体积％的粘合剂成分。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物，其特征在于，所述耦合成分含至少一种选自羧酸、特别是脂肪酸，羧酸衍生物、特别是脂肪酸衍生物，酸性聚醚，磷酸酯和它们的混合物的化合物。
4.权利要求1-3之一的组合物，其特征在于，所述耦合成分含至少一种选自下列的化合物：
-羧酸，特别是脂肪酸，
-羟基官能改性的羧酸，特别是脂肪酸，
-羟基官能改性的含亲色素基团的羧酸，特别是脂肪酸，
-含酸基团的聚醚，特别是含酸基团的脂族聚醚，
-羧酸改性的，特别是脂肪酸改性的聚合物，
-羧酸改性的，特别是脂肪酸改性的聚酯，
-磷酸酯
和它们的混合物。
5.权利要求1-4之一的组合物，其特征在于，所述耦合成分中的羧酸、脂肪酸、改性羧酸或改性脂肪酸具有
-8-30个碳原子的链长，和/或
-分支碳链，和/或
-在碳链上的至少一个酯基和/或醚基和/或其它羧基，和/或
-不饱和碳链。
6.权利要求1-5之一的组合物，其特征在于，所述耦合成分含至少一种选自下列的羧酸：癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十七酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、二十四酸、蜡酸、褐煤酸、蜂花酸；十一烯酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈炔酸、岩芹酸、油酸、反油酸、11-十八碳烯酸、顺式-9-二十碳烯酸、二十碳烯酸、鲸蜡烯酸、芥酸、神经酸；亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、金盏酸、石榴油酸、α-桐酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、
鱼酸、二十二碳六烯酸、斑鸠菊酸、蓖麻油酸和其混合物。
7.权利要求1-6之一的组合物，其特征在于，所述耦合成分含至少一种选自下列的磷酸酯：羧酸的聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单醚和/或聚-C2-C4-烷撑二醇单酯的磷酸酯、聚氧乙烯化的烷基醚磷酸酯和它们的混合物。
8.权利要求1-7之一的组合物，其特征在于，所述粘合剂成分由至少一种选自下列的化合物组成：
-聚酯，特别是聚酯蜡，如无环或环状的、饱和或不饱和的聚酯蜡，
-聚烯烃，特别是聚烯烃蜡，如石蜡烃，
-聚氧化烯聚合物，特别是平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，例如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇(聚氧乙烯)，
-具有醚结构和/或酯结构的聚合物，如具有醚结构的聚酯和/或具有醚结构和/或酯结构的聚烯烃，再例如聚酯-聚氧烷-聚合物和/或聚烯烃-聚氧烷-聚合物，特别是具有聚乙二醇结构的聚酯和/或具有聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃，再特别是具有平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚酯和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚酯，和/或具有平均分子量＜4000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃和/或平均分子量≥4000g/mol，如≥5000g/mol-≤20000g/mol的聚乙二醇结构的聚烯烃，和它们的混合物。
9.权利要求1-8之一的组合物，其特征在于，所述粘合剂成分包括聚合物混合物，该聚合物混合物的分子量为≥10000g/mol-≤130000g/mol。
10.权利要求1-9之一的组合物，其特征在于，所述陶瓷成分包括一种或多种氧化物式陶瓷化合物、一种或多种碳化物式陶瓷化合物、一种或多种氮化物式陶瓷化合物或它们的混合物。
11.权利要求1-10之一的组合物，其特征在于，该组合物由陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分组成。
12.权利要求1-11之一的组合物，其特征在于，该组合物由下列成分组成：
-≥45体积％-≤65体积％的陶瓷成分，和
-≥0.01体积％-≤10体积的磷酸酯作为耦合成分，和
-≥35体积％-≤55体积％的聚合物混合物作为粘合剂成分。
13.用于制备权利要求1-12之一的组合物的方法，其包括下列方法步骤：混合所述陶瓷成分、耦合成分和粘合剂成分。
14.权利要求13的方法，其特征在于，所述混合在≥70℃-≤220℃的温度下进行。
15.权利要求13或14的方法，其特征在于，在混合时所述耦合成分和粘合剂成分以预混合物形式加入。
16.权利要求13-15之一的方法，其特征在于，所述预混合物包括与耦合成分混杂或匀质化的粘合剂成分颗粒。
17.用于制备陶瓷件的组合物，其通过权利要求13-16之一的方法制备。
18.权利要求1-12之一或17的组合物在制备陶瓷件中的应用。
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| CN101182201A (zh) * | 2007-11-27 | 2008-05-21 | 清华大学 | 纳米掺杂制备贱金属内电极多层陶瓷片式电容器介质材料 |
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| US4704242A (en) * | 1985-03-26 | 1987-11-03 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Method for injection molding and removing binder from large cross section ceramic shapes |
| US4906424A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1990-03-06 | Hoechst Celanese Corp. | Reaction injection molding of ceramic or metallic greenbodies |
| DE4431962A1 (de) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Bayer Ag | Bindemittel für keramische Massen, thermisch verarbeitbare Masse sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von anorganischen Sinterformteilen |
| KR100203378B1 (ko) * | 1996-08-31 | 1999-06-15 | 박원훈 | 도재내관의 제조방법 |
| US5762737A (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-06-09 | General Motors Corporation | Porous ceramic and process thereof |
| DE19700528A1 (de) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-07-16 | Basf Ag | Formmassen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallisch aussehenden Keramikformkörpern |
| DE19733698C1 (de) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-06-17 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Bauteilen |
| DE10149793B4 (de) * | 2001-10-05 | 2006-04-13 | Hesse, Thomas, Dipl.-Ing. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sinterkörpern aus einer plastischen Formmasse enthaltend Pulver, Wachs und Lösungsmittel |
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| CN101182201A (zh) * | 2007-11-27 | 2008-05-21 | 清华大学 | 纳米掺杂制备贱金属内电极多层陶瓷片式电容器介质材料 |
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