CN101818796A - 带有偏移输出轴的无级变速传动装置 - Google Patents

带有偏移输出轴的无级变速传动装置 Download PDF

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CN101818796A
CN101818796A CN201010104394A CN201010104394A CN101818796A CN 101818796 A CN101818796 A CN 101818796A CN 201010104394 A CN201010104394 A CN 201010104394A CN 201010104394 A CN201010104394 A CN 201010104394A CN 101818796 A CN101818796 A CN 101818796A
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gear
speed
speed changer
actuating unit
unit according
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D·E·霍夫曼
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/086—CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种无级变速动力传动装置，其包括输入轴，副轴，从输入轴传输动力到副轴的变速器，输出轴，和从副轴传动动力到输出轴的内/外齿轮对。所述输出轴轴线可与所述输入轴轴线偏离有限的距离。

Description

带有偏移输出轴的无级变速传动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车辆的自动传动装置领域。更具体地，本发明涉及在输出速度和输入速度间提供包括零的连续范围速度比的传动装置。
发明内容
根据一个方面，提供了动力传动装置。动力传动装置包括输入轴(10)；副轴(14)；从输入轴到副轴传输动力的变速器；连接到副轴的第一外齿轮(42)；以及与第一外齿轮连续啮合的第一内齿轮(44)。
按照另一个方面，提供了动力传动装置。动力传动装置包括位于第一轴线(20)上的输入轴(10)；位于大致与第一轴线平行的第二轴线(24)上的副轴(14)；将动力从输入轴传输到副轴的变速器；和位于基本与第一轴线平行的第三轴线(22)上的输出轴(12)，且其中第一轴线和第三轴线间的距离小于第一轴线和第二轴线间距离。
按照又一个方面，提供了动力传动装置。动力传动装置包括位于第一轴线(20)的输入轴(10)；环形变速器(toroidal variator)；和位于第二轴线(22)的输出轴(12)，其中第二轴线基本与第一轴线平行并与第一轴线偏移小于环形变速器输入盘(input disk)的外半径的距离。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明的传动装置的示意图。
图2是图1中所示传动装置齿轮齿数的表格。
图3是当齿轮具有图2中所示的齿数时不同操作条件中不同元件速度的表格。
图4是每个操作模式的离合器状态的表格。
具体实施方式
依照本发明的传动装置在图1中示意示出。输入轴10由车辆发动机驱动，优选经扭力隔离装置(torsional isolator)驱动，该扭力隔离装置可消除由于离散汽缸燃烧导致的扭矩波动。输出轴12优选经差速器驱动车辆车轮。
双腔环形变速器从输入轴10传输动力到副轴14。变速器能够以其比范围内的任何速度比有效传输动力。在本实施例中，变速器(variator)的比范围包括2.211∶1超速传动和0.463∶1减速传动。两个变速器输入盘26和28由输入轴10驱动。变速器输出盘30设置在变速器输入盘之间并经外齿轮传动装置驱动副轴14。在一个实施例中，变速器输出盘(30)与外齿轮(31)连接；以及副轴14连接与所述外齿轮31连续啮合的外齿轮(36)。两组动力滚筒(power roller)32和34在输入盘和输出盘之间传递动力。输出盘总是以与输入盘相反的方向旋转。动力滚筒绕其旋转的轴线被倾斜从而控制变速器的速度比。在图1所示的情况下，动力滚筒和输入盘间接触面(interface)的半径小于动力滚筒和输出盘间接触面的半径，引起输出盘以比输入盘更慢的速度旋转。当动力滚筒轴线在相反方向上倾斜时，输出盘比输入盘旋转更快。在一个实施例中，动力滚筒(32)和(34)与变速器输入盘和变速器输出盘摩擦接触。
两种已知的环形变速器是全环形变速器和半环形变速器。在全环形变速器中，输入盘和输出盘间的空腔形成圆环体(torus)。在半环形变速器中，如图1所示，仅使用圆环体内部。本发明可适用于任一种环形变速器。
内/外齿轮对44/42从副轴传递动力到输出轴22。只要啮合高速模式离合器58，齿轮44经壳体(shell)56驱动输出轴。内/外齿轮齿合比外/外齿轮齿合更有效。公路驾驶和大部分城市驾驶都采用高速模式，因此有效的动力传输是特别重要的。
如果输出轴12和输入轴10在同一轴线上，则内齿轮44的半径将比变速器半径大。当存在与其他车辆组件的干扰问题时，通过从输入轴20移开输出轴22而使得内齿轮较小是可能的。
内/外齿轮对40/38从输入轴10传输动力到绕输出轴线22旋转的中间轴16。外/外齿轮对42/46从副轴14传输动力到与中间轴16同轴设置的空心中间轴18。中间轴16和输入轴在同一方向上旋转，而中间轴18在相反方向上旋转。中间轴16的速度与输入轴速度成固定比，而中间轴18的速度也基于变速器速度比变化。太阳轮48连接到空心中间轴18。环形齿轮50连接到实心中间轴16。齿轮架54支撑与太阳轮48和环形齿轮50两者都啮合的一组行星齿轮52。齿轮架54绕轴线22以两个中间轴速度加权平均值的速度旋转。只要啮合低速模式离合器60，则齿轮架54经壳体56驱动输出轴12。
可替换地，齿轮架54可以固定地连接到输出轴12和低速模式离合器，该低速模式离合器用于断开对行星齿轮组的其他连接中的一个连接。特别地，可释放地连接太阳轮48到齿轮46的离合器或可释放地连接环形齿轮50到齿轮40的离合器可实现与离合器60同样的功能。
多个周转齿轮组件(epicyclic gearing assemblies)提供三个元件，这三个元件绕公共轴线旋转，其中一个该元件的速度等于剩余两个元件速度的加权平均值。这些包括如美国专利5,030,184和6,126,566所述的双小齿轮行星齿轮组，分级小齿轮行星齿轮组(stepped pinionplanetary gear)，和共平面齿轮环(co-planar gear loops)。这些周转齿轮组件中的任意一种都将被当作本实施例所述的简单(simple)行星齿轮组的等效物。
选择不同齿轮上的齿数，以便齿轮架54对于变速器可用比范围内的某些变速器速度比是静止的。该变速器速度比就是所谓的空挡比(geared neutral ratio)。对于图2所示的齿数，空挡比近似为1∶642∶1。结果，在低速模式中，空挡比超速传动侧的变速器比将导致反向驱动(reverse drive)，而减速传动侧的变速器比将导致前向驱动(forwarddrive)。而且，在变速器减速传动界限附近的变速器比处，齿轮架54和内齿轮44的速度相等。这促进了从低速模式操作到高速模式操作的过渡。提供这些特性的齿数例子在图2中示出。
通过分离离合器并在空挡比的超速传动侧较小地设置变速器比以使齿轮架54缓慢向后旋转，从而准备反向起动车辆。响应驾驶员的命令，离合器60逐渐啮合，反向加速车辆。当输出轴速度达到齿轮架54的速度且离合器60完全啮合，则起动完成。随着车辆进一步加速，变速器比被调整从而获得基于驾驶条件选择的目标发动机速度。
类似地，通过分离离合器并在空挡比的减速传动侧较小地设置变速器比以使齿轮架54缓慢向前旋转，从而准备在前向起动车辆。响应驾驶员的命令，离合器60逐渐啮合。当离合器60完全啮合时，则起动完成。随着车辆进一步加速，变速器比被调整从而获得目标发动机速度。
随着车辆继续加速，将达到变速器比处于变速器减速传动界限的点。在此点，通过在啮合离合器58的同时分离离合器60，传动装置从低速模式转换到高速模式。与传统分级比传动装置中档位变化不同，该过渡不涉及输出轴和输入轴间速度比的变化。一旦完成到高速模式的过渡，则控制器继续调节变速器比从而获得目标发动机速度。
图3是当齿轮具有图2中所示的齿数时不同操作条件中或模式下相对输入轴(10)元件速度的表格。
图4表示每个操作模式的离合器状态。
按照本专利说明书，已经说明了优选实施例的结构和操作。然而，应该注意到可采用不同于本文具体图示和说明的替换实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种动力传动装置，其包括：
输入轴(10)；
副轴(14)；
从所述输入轴传输动力到所述副轴的变速器；
连接到所述副轴的第一外齿轮(42)；以及
与所述第一外齿轮连续啮合的第一内齿轮(44)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动装置，其中所述变速器包括：
连接到所述输入轴(10)的第一变速器输入盘(26)和第二变速器输入盘(28)；
被支撑以绕所述输入轴旋转的变速器输出盘(30)；
与所述第一变速器输入盘和所述变速器输出盘摩擦接触的第一组动力滚筒(32)；以及
与所述第二变速器输入盘和所述变速器输出盘摩擦接触的第二组动力滚筒(34)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力传动装置，进一步包括：
与所述变速器输出盘(30)连接的第二外齿轮(31)；以及
与所述副轴连接并与所述第二外齿轮连续啮合的第三外齿轮(36)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的动力传动装置，进一步包括：
输出轴(12)；
可释放地连结所述第一内齿轮(44)到所述输出轴的第一离合器(58)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的动力传动装置，其中所述输出轴轴线(22)与所述输入轴(20)偏离。
6.根据权利要求4所述的动力传动装置，进一步包括第二离合器(60)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的动力传动装置，进一步包括具有第一元件、第二元件和第三元件的周转齿轮组件，其中：
所述第二元件的旋转速度被限制为所述第一元件和所述第三元件的旋转速度的加权平均值；
当所述第二离合器啮合时，所述第一元件(48)的速度与所述副轴(14)的速度成比例；
当所述第二离合器啮合时，所述第二元件(54)的速度等于所述输出轴(12)的速度；以及
当所述第二离合器啮合时，所述第三元件(50)的速度与所述输入轴(10)的速度成比例。
8.根据权利要求7所述的动力传动装置，其中所述周转齿轮组件是简单行星齿轮组，其包括：
作为所述第一元件的第四外齿轮(48)；
作为所述第三元件的第二内齿轮(50)；
作为所述第二元件的行星齿轮架齿轮架(54)；以及
由所述行星齿轮架支撑并与所述第四外齿轮和所述第二内齿轮连续啮合的行星齿轮组(52)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的动力传动装置，进一步包括：
连接到所述周转齿轮组件的所述第三元件(50)的第一中间轴(16)；
连接到所述第一中间轴(16)的第三内齿轮(40)；以及
连接到所述输入轴(10)并与所述第三内齿轮(40)连续啮合的第五外齿轮(38)。
10.根据权利要求7所述的动力传动装置，进一步包括：
连接到所述周转齿轮组件的所述第一元件(48)的第二中间轴(18)；以及
连接到所述第二中间轴(18)并与所述第一外齿轮(42)连续啮合的第六外齿轮(46)。
CN201010104394A 2009-02-03 2010-01-27 带有偏移输出轴的无级变速传动装置 Pending CN101818796A (zh)

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US12/364,738 2009-02-03
US12/364,738 US8257217B2 (en) 2009-02-03 2009-02-03 Infinitely variable transmission with offset output shaft

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CN101818796A true CN101818796A (zh) 2010-09-01

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