CN101810071A - Storing and breeding method for preventing tobacco germplasm resource from being lost - Google Patents
Storing and breeding method for preventing tobacco germplasm resource from being lost Download PDFInfo
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- CN101810071A CN101810071A CN 201010144232 CN201010144232A CN101810071A CN 101810071 A CN101810071 A CN 101810071A CN 201010144232 CN201010144232 CN 201010144232 CN 201010144232 A CN201010144232 A CN 201010144232A CN 101810071 A CN101810071 A CN 101810071A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a storing and breeding method for preventing a tobacco germplasm resource from being lost, which is a storing and breeding method for preventing a tobacco germplasm resource from being lost due to vitality loss of seeds and belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding upgrade. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) taking out tobacco seeds during different storage times in a germplasm bank at regular intervals, seedling in an artificial climatic chamber by group and calculating the germination percentage of the 14th day; and (2) continuously warehousing and storing the tobacco seeds with the germination percentage of 50 percent obtained in detection and counting, breeding the tobacco seeds the germination percentage of which is reduced to 30-50 percent in time and warehousing and storing. With the method, the vitality trend of the seeds in the germplasm bank can be known in time, any pollution on the environment cannot be caused and the storing cost can be reduced by reasonable germination percentage; in addition, the invention ensures the long-term safety storage of the tobacco germplasm resources and can prevent the germplasm resource from being lost caused by the infertility of the seeds due to the vitality loss of the seeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of storage and breeding method that prevents that tobacco germplasm is lost, is that a kind of preventing belongs to numerous kind of renewal technology field of agricultural because of the seed vitality forfeiture causes germ plasm resource lost storage and breeding method.
Background technology
Occurring irreversible quality after the seed physiological ripening descends to changing and is generically and collectively referred to as " bad change " or aging.Seed deterioration has irreversible, unavoidably with colony between different characteristics (Delouche J C, 1973).Along with the growth course of seed, vigor improves gradually, has arrived physiological maturity, and vigor reaches highest level.Behind the seed maturity, the just irreversible change (Dong Xinhong, Song Ming, 2002) that descends of experience vigor.Forefathers study (Chen Xinbo, 1989 to seed deterioration mechanism such as paddy rice, onion and physiology course; Zhu Shidong etc., 1990; Zhao Shulan, 2003).It is generally acknowledged that during the seed physiological ripening, the bad change of seed just begins.Bad change process will last till always that the death of seed or seed are used (sowing).The seed germination speed of aging bad change is slow, and germination rate is low, and anti-adversity ability is poor, to production make a big impact (Liu Guozhen etc., 2007).Seed deterioration can reduce seed quality, as vigor, vitality, storage capacity and field planting rate etc., thereby causes the economic loss (Wang Yanrong etc., 2001) that is difficult to estimate.Aging tobacco seed can not find the peak value of germination, and seed germinating time can be put off until more than 40 days, the irregular phenomenon (Xu Meiling etc., 2006) of germinateing occurs.As time goes on, aging in-depth gradually is until completely losing seed vitality.For preventing to cause germ plasm resource lost, when being reduced to certain numerical value, seed vitality will carry out numerous kind of renewal because of seed loses vigor.The germination rate standard that germplasm gene pool breeding is both at home and abroad upgraded usually between 65%～85%, IPGR I recommend the germination rate standard be 85% or vigor descend 15%, lowest critical value is 65%.China country long-term storehouse of Germplasm Resources of Farm Crop then drops to the 60% interim execution index that breeding is upgraded as self pollination crop (inbred line) with germination rate.(Liu Yanhua, Wang Zhide).If carry out by this index, the many seeds in the germplasm storehouse all need to upgrade, and it is more to finish needed expense of renewal and manpower.Therefore need search out and to prevent effectively that germ plasm resource is not lost in the tobacco germplasm storehouse, the genetic integrity of maintenance germ plasm resource, can spend less funds, man power and material's storage and breeding method again, and realize the storage of germ plasm resource long-term safety.
Summary of the invention
In view of above reason, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of storage and breeding method that prevents that tobacco germplasm is lost, the vigor that can in time understand seed in the germplasm storehouse is dynamic, can not cause any pollution to environment, reasonably the germination rate index can reduce storage and numerous kind of cost, guarantee the storage of tobacco germplasm long-term safety, can prevent from again not to be lost less than the germ plasm resource that seed causes because of seed vitality forfeiture breeding.
Realize that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention adopts is: (1) regularly takes out the tobacco seed of different storage time in the germplasm storehouse, and the germination rate in 14 days is calculated in middle grouping sowing in climatic cabinate; (2) germination rate in the detection statistics is higher than 50% tobacco seed and continues the warehouse-in storage, germination rate is reduced to 30%～50% the timely breeding seed warehouse-in of tobacco seed storage.
The sowing condition of climatic cabinate of the present invention is, 25～28 ℃ of constant temperature add illumination 80W, are germinating bed with culture dish to add a filter paper on the no fat cotton, and 100 every group tobacco seed is evenly broadcast in the above, and the number of times of duplicate detection is 3 times.
Described tobacco seed sowing is to carry out in the floating seedlings dish that is of a size of length * wide * height=54cm * 16cm * 12cm (9 row * 5 holes), filling the dish back with the special-purpose seedling medium of tobacco flattens, water permeable after again the sowing, water 1 time with watering can every day, to keep moistening.
2 kinds of processing modes are taked in sowing in climatic cabinate, 5 of first every afternoons to 8 of the next mornings continuously outage came the simulating nature growth conditions in 15 hours, it two is to continue energising constant temperature 24 hours every days, add light.
The method that is reduced to the breeding seed warehouse-in storage of 30%～50% tobacco seed for above-mentioned germination rate is, be 2～March suitable sowing time, and the transplanting phase is May; Every part of seed is transplanted 1～2 row by 20～40 strains, and line-spacing is 1.1～1.2 meters, 0.5～0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, and every mu is applied fertilizer 6～8 kilograms; Full-bloom stage is selected numerous kind of anosis healthy and strong plant 8～10 strain/sub-district bagging; The seed maturity back of gathering is dried dryly with blowing, and carries out threshing then, sieves selectedly, detects the back through vigor and puts in storage and preserve.The tobacco seed germination rate of this warehouse-in must be higher than 90%, and the condition of storage is long-term storehouse-18 ℃, 0～4 ℃ in mid-term and short-term storehouse, the storage time limit was generally long-term storehouse 30～50 years, mid-term storehouse about 30 years, the short-term storehouse is below 20 years.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, since seed vitality to detect the vigor can in time understand the seed germplasm storehouse in dynamic, can in time extract germination rate out and be lower than 50% tobacco seed and upgrade numerous kind of warehouse-in as early as possible, can prevent effectively that germ plasm resource is not lost.
2, the germination rate index of upgrading through test proposition tobacco seed is 30%～50%, can instruct numerous kind of renewal of seed in the germplasm storehouse, to preventing that germ plasm resource is lost to play good action because of the seed vitality forfeiture causes, can guarantee the storage of tobacco germplasm long-term safety and continue to provide utilization.
3, this method can not cause any pollution to environment, and cost is lower.
4, the germination rate index that provides by this method is carried out the seminal propagation renewal, can breed the sufficient seed warehouse-in and preserve, and can not cause germ plasm resource lost.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Taking out seed in the tobacco germplasm storehouse carries out seed vitality and detects, the method that germination rate detects is, (1) every umber is 100, repeats 3 times, and constant temperature is 25～28 ℃ in climatic cabinate, add illumination 80W, to add a filter paper on the no fat cotton is germinating bed, and seed is evenly broadcast in the above, counts its grain number that germinates day by day, calculate germination vigor (GE) in 7 days, calculated germination rate (GP), germination index (GI) in 14 days.(2) the seed vitality testing result is pressed germination rate systematic arrangement from high to low, randomly draw seed n part (n＞70), germination rate＞50% is extracted 10 parts out, and germination rate is lower than 60 parts of 50% extractions.(3) seed that extracts being carried out emergence rate detects.Method is the special-purpose seedling medium of tobacco to be loaded on black plastic floating seedlings dish (length is in 54cm * 16cm * 12cm) (9 row * 5 holes), waters permeable after the pressing; Then, seed is sowed equably on seedling-cultivating tray, per 3 row are hung 1 label, broadcast 1 part of seed (100), and serial number repeats 3 times.(4) seedling-cultivating tray (bottom with big square plate water receiving) is fitly placed in the illumination box, 25～28 ℃ of constant temperature add illumination 80W, and water 1 time with watering can every day, is advisable to preserve moisture.Every 1 number of emerging of 7 fates, calculate the 1st～7 day, 1～14 day, 1～28 day, 1～42 day, the percentage of emerging in 1～70 day.(5) have 17 parts of seeding ratios to detect in addition to establish 2 levels to continue constant temperature and add light and at 5 o'clock in afternoon to 8 processing of 15 hours simulating natural conditions of outage continuously in second day, repeat 3 times, other method is with above-mentioned (2), (3) and (4).
Learn that through test along with the raising of germination rate, the seed umber that the emergence rate of 7 days and 14 days improves, emerges increase, the emerge percentage of shared seed umber increases.When germination rate was lower than 30%, the part seed can not emerged, and germination rate finally can both be emerged at the seed more than 30%; Learn that thus will guarantee can both breed seed warehouse-in than the low vitality seed, percentage of seedgermination must be higher than 30%, germination rate is lower than at 30% o'clock with regard to the seed that has 15.4%～70.6% umber breeds less than seed because of not emerging and puts in storage.In addition, germination rate is in 10 parts of seeds of 40.1%～50%, to have 1 part of seed not emerge in 7 days, all seeds are all emerged after 14 days, therefore, just should in time carry out seminal propagation and upgrade when germination rate is reduced to 50%, so just can guarantee seed sprouting early, it is more neat to emerge.
With above-mentioned same 1 part of seed, carry out 5 of every afternoons to 8 of the next mornings continuously outage came the simulating nature growth conditions in 15 hours, be low temperature at night, the dark of simulating nature, daytime high temperature, the condition at sunshine, test shows that 15 hours processing of outage is more than the processing seed sprouting number that continues constant temperature, illumination continuously, emerges period early.Illustrate night low temperature and dark stimulation help tobacco seed and emerge.
The method that is reduced to numerous kind of warehouse-in of 30%～50% tobacco seed for germination rate is, at the field breeding seed, be 2～March suitable sowing time, transplant May, transplant 1～2 row (20～40 strain) for every part, line-spacing is 1.1～1.2 meters, 0.5～0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, every mu is applied fertilizer 6～8 kilograms, and full-bloom stage is selected numerous kind of the healthy and strong plant bagging in 8～10 strains/sub-district; Sun terrace (patented product) drying is blown with small-sized seed in the seed maturity back of gathering, and carries out threshing, sieves selectedly, puts in storage after vigor detects and preserves.The tobacco seed germination rate of warehouse-in of newly gathering must be higher than 90%, and the condition of storage is long-term storehouse-18 ℃, 0～4 ℃ in mid-term and short-term storehouse, the storage time limit was generally long-term storehouse 30～50 years, mid-term storehouse about 30 years, the short-term storehouse is below 20 years.
Claims (6)
1. a storage and breeding method that prevents that tobacco germplasm is lost is characterized in that:
(1) regularly take out the tobacco seed of different storage time in the germplasm storehouse, in climatic cabinate in the grouping sowing, calculate the germination rate in 14 days;
(2) germination rate in the detection statistics is higher than 50% tobacco seed and continues the warehouse-in storage, germination rate is reduced to 30%～50% the timely breeding seed warehouse-in of tobacco seed storage.
2. by described storage and the breeding method that prevents that tobacco germplasm is lost of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sowing condition of climatic cabinate is, 25～28 ℃ of constant temperature, add illumination 80W, is germinating bed with culture dish to add a filter paper on the no fat cotton, 100 every group tobacco seed is evenly broadcast in the above, and the number of times of duplicate detection is 3 times.
3. by described storage and the breeding method that prevents that tobacco germplasm is lost of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the tobacco seed sowing is to carry out in the floating seedlings dish that is of a size of length * wide * height=54cm * 16cm * 12cm, filling the dish back with the special-purpose seedling medium of tobacco flattens, water permeable after more evenly the sowing, water 1 time with watering can every day, to keep moistening, observation in per 7 days was once emerged number to the 70th day.
4. by described storage and the breeding method that prevents that tobacco germplasm is lost of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the sowing in climatic cabinate, take 2 kinds of processing modes, 5 of first every afternoons to 8 of the next mornings continuously outage came the simulating nature growth conditions in 15 hours, it two is to continue energising constant temperature 24 hours every days, add light.
5. by described storage and the breeding method that prevents that tobacco germplasm is lost of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method that is reduced to the breeding seed warehouse-in storage of 30%～50% tobacco seed for germination rate is, be 2～March suitable sowing time, and the transplanting phase is May; Every part of seed is transplanted 1～2 row by 20～40 strains, and line-spacing is 1.1～1.2 meters, 0.5～0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, and every mu is applied fertilizer 6～8 kilograms; Full-bloom stage is selected numerous kind of anosis healthy and strong plant 8～10 strain/sub-district bagging; The seed maturity back of gathering is dried dryly with blowing, and carries out manual threshing then, sieves selectedly, detects the back through vigor and puts in storage and preserve.
6. by claim 1 or 5 described storage and the breeding methods that prevent that tobacco germplasm is lost, it is characterized in that: the condition of seed warehouse-in storage is long-term storehouse-18 ℃, 0～4 ℃ in mid-term and short-term storehouse, percentage of seedgermination is from be limited to long-term storehouse 30～50 years at 50% o'clock in the 100% storage year that was reduced to, mid-term, the storehouse was about 30 years, and the short-term storehouse is below 20 years.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102612973A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2012-08-01 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco plant seed reserving method |
| CN103404375A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-11-27 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Grafting and seed multiplication method for endangered tobacco genetic resources |
| CN104063774A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Breeding material managing method and system |
| CN105303277A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-02-03 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Germplasm resource management method and system |
| CN108738733A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 天津农学院 | A kind of method of Rice Germplasm Resources long-term preservation |
-
2010
- 2010-04-12 CN CN2010101442326A patent/CN101810071B/en active Active
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| 《中国农学通报》 20060930 许美玲 烟草种质库种子清理与重新入库 第426页第"1.2.3种子活力监测"部分 1-2 第22卷, 第9期 2 * |
| 《中国烟草科学》 20091231 李雪君等 烟草种子存放与更新后农艺性状变化的初步研究 第89-94页 1-6 第30卷, 第S1期 2 * |
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| 《植物遗传资源学报》 20091231 刘艳华等 烟草种质繁种更新理论与技术 第619-620页第"2.1发芽率"部分 1-2 第10卷, 第4期 2 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102612973A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2012-08-01 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco plant seed reserving method |
| CN102612973B (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-03-20 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco plant seed reserving method |
| CN103404375A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-11-27 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Grafting and seed multiplication method for endangered tobacco genetic resources |
| CN104063774A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Breeding material managing method and system |
| CN105303277A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-02-03 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Germplasm resource management method and system |
| CN108738733A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 天津农学院 | A kind of method of Rice Germplasm Resources long-term preservation |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101810071B (en) | 2011-12-07 |
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