CN101797918B - 具有改善的回油泵起动性能的机动车制动系统 - Google Patents

具有改善的回油泵起动性能的机动车制动系统 Download PDF

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CN101797918B
CN101797918B CN201010113356.8A CN201010113356A CN101797918B CN 101797918 B CN101797918 B CN 101797918B CN 201010113356 A CN201010113356 A CN 201010113356A CN 101797918 B CN101797918 B CN 101797918B
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brake
pumping plant
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brake system
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CN101797918A (zh
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U·马伦布里
U·米勒
M·孔茨
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/404—Control of the pump unit
    • B60T8/4045—Control of the pump unit involving ON/OFF switching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/02—Arrangements of pumps or compressors, or control devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/404—Control of the pump unit
    • B60T8/405—Control of the pump unit involving the start-up phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
    • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
    • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
    • B60T8/4863—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems
    • B60T8/4872—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有改善的回油泵起动性能的机动车制动系统。液压制动系统具有制动主缸(4)和泵装置(9)，以及用于激活泵装置(9)的电子控制装置，其中设置电子控制装置，当制动压力超过预先确定的门限值时自动接通泵装置(9)。

Description

具有改善的回油泵起动性能的机动车制动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液压制动系统和一种用于使回油泵运转的方法。
背景技术
现代的设计用于行驶动态性调节的制动系统通常包括一个回油泵，借助于该回油泵在ABS调节时将液压油从制动器输送回制动主缸的方向。所述回油泵在制动时通过由驾驶员产生的制动压力(初压力)被强烈加载。更准确的相互联系下面借助于图1详细解释。
图1示出一种现有技术已知的液压制动系统17，该制动系统设计成用于实施行驶动态性调节。制动系统17包括两个在X或II分区中的制动回路19a、19b，所述制动回路设计成对称的。因此下面只考查在附图左侧示出的部分19a。
制动系统包括一个脚-制动踏板1和一个带有连接到其上的制动主缸4的制动助力器2，一个制动液罐布置在该制动主缸4上。在操作脚-制动踏板1时，在主制动管路5a、5b中产生相应的制动压力，该制动压力通过转换阀USV 8(正常是打开的)和两个进入阀EV 10a、10b作用到车轮的制动蹄11上。在操作脚-制动踏板1时建立的压力的路径通过箭头a标明。在所述状态时打开转换阀8，并且关闭高压变换阀HSV 7(如图所示)。
在ABS调节时，借助于进入阀10a、10b和排出阀13a、13b调整作用在车轮上的制动压力，其中液压油可以在中间存储器14内缓冲。一个泵装置、所谓的回油泵9将从制动器11或中间存储器14来的制动液(液压油)沿着路径b输送回制动主缸4的方向。
在正常条件下当车轮抱死和接通ABS时，制动压力通常在70bar到100bar之间。不过在衰退时，所述的抱死-制动压力可能提高到200bar甚至更高。人们将特别是由于过热(制动摩擦片的失效)而产生的制动作用的减弱称为衰退。当ABS-调节在这样的条件下很晚才激活时，回油泵9必须克服高的反压力起动。当回油泵设计得过小时，存在它不能起动的危险。为了防止所述危险，泵必须设计用于最坏-条件(衰退)。然而一种这样的泵是相对大、笨重和昂贵的。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，在回油泵方面改进制动系统。
该任务通过按本发明的液压制动系统和按本发明的用于使液压制动系统的泵装置运转的方法解决。按本发明的液压制动系统包括制动主缸和泵装置，借助于该泵装置能够从制动器朝制动主缸的方向抽取回液压油，以及包括用于激活泵装置的电子控制装置，其特征在于：设置电子控制装置，从而在衰退时，当制动压力超过预先确定的门限值时所述电子控制装置自动接通泵装置，其中，所述门限值小于衰退-抱死压力。在按本发明的用于使液压制动系统的泵装置运转的方法中，借助于该泵装置能够从制动器朝液压制动系统的制动主缸的方向抽取回液压油，其特征在于：在衰退时，当制动压力超过预先确定的门限值时自动接通泵装置，其中，所述门限值小于衰退-抱死压力。
按本发明建议，在衰退时，当制动压力超过预先确定的门限值时自动接通泵装置，其中该门限值小于在不利的条件例如衰退时可能在制动系统内出现的抱死-制动压力(下面的“衰退-抱死压力”)。因此还在车轮抱死或ABS使用之前，在制动器的恶劣状态时已经起动该泵。提前接通泵带来的优点是，它可以设计成更小、更轻并且由此也更便宜。这建立在下述基础上，即泵的运转扭矩，作为旋转期间的平均扭矩，原则上小于起动扭矩。
制动压力优选直接在泵装置的输出端测量，但是也可以在其他区域，例如在制动主缸的输出端上或在进入阀与制动器之间测定。按照本发明的一种优选的实施方式，使用初压力传感器用于压力测量，该初压力传感器本来已经装在汽车内了。
按本发明的控制优选作为软件算法实现，该软件算法例如可以集成在已存在的行驶动态性调节器(ESP)内。
用于接通回油泵的门限值优选低于衰退-抱死压力，但高于无衰退系统的抱死-制动压力。例如它可以选择高于无衰退系统的抱死-制动压力至少10％，优选至少30％。因此实现，在机动车的正常行驶状态时(ABS没有介入)不激活泵装置。
当还在ABS激活前接通回油泵时，液压油优选在回路中抽取。
电子控制装置除了制动压力外还可以考虑下面的用于接通条件的参数中的一个或多个：
a)制动压力梯度(例如在制动主缸上)，
b)汽车电网电压，
c)制动系统的温度和/或，
d)可应用的触发器门限值。
在制动主缸上的制动压力梯度描述制动主缸上的压力升高的速度。制动压力梯度的快速上升意味着可能不久必须激活ABS。
存在的汽车电网电压确定泵驱动电动机的最大可能的扭矩，这样在较小的电压时必须较早地激活泵装置。在这种情况下移动用于较小制动压力的激活时刻。
制动系统的温度影响系统的许多特性，例如回油泵的起动性能，制动液的粘性或制动器的制动作用。因此通过考虑温度，泵的激活门限值可以与给定的条件相匹配。
当设有车辆调节器(例如ABS或ESP)时，一种可变的触发器门限值是有利的，该车辆调节器可以由驾驶员根据需求调节，并且驾驶员例如可以在保守的或运动的行驶方式之间进行选择。在这种情况下为了激活回油泵优选同样设有不同的门限值。
不过按照本发明的一种优选的实施方式，激活门限值是一个固定的压力值。因为制动压力是最重要的影响因素，所以这种简单的控制装置导致好的结果。
附图说明
本发明接下来借助附图示例地详细说明。图中示出：
图1示出了一种由现有技术已知的液压制动系统，该制动系统设计用于行驶动态性调节，并且该制动系统的示意的结构对应按本发明的制动系统，以及
图2示出了一种已知的和一种按本发明的带有相应控制装置的回油泵的马达特性曲线。
具体实施方式
关于图1的说明请参阅说明书开头部分。
除了一个制动主缸4外，也可以使用多个制动主缸。泵装置9优选是一个特别是带有多个，例如两个或三个活塞的活塞泵。
图2示出了一种在常规制动系统内的回油泵9的电动机的马达特性曲线10，以及一种按照本发明的回油泵9的马达特性曲线。在图2中，马达转速n在马达扭矩T上示出，其中马达扭矩T与液压压力成正比。可以看出，马达转速n随着升高的扭矩T或压力大致是线性下降的。
当由驾驶员施加的制动压力超过一个确定的门限值12时，作用到泵9上的反压力是如此之高，以至于该泵的扭矩不够用于起动。线12在此把对于马达起动不关键的压力范围(线12的左侧)与关键的范围(线12的右侧)示意地分开。
在制动器的一定状态时，例如在过热时，可能出现衰退。由于更差的摩擦比，车轮抱死的衰退-抱死压力可以上升到200bar以上的值。因此传统的制动系统的泵9设计到相应高的压力上(见特性曲线10)。
与此相比，按照本发明(特性曲线20)的泵9设计成用于明显较小的最大压力，因为它在达到衰退-抱死压力前已经被激活。因此它可以设计成更小、更轻和更廉价的。
线22又把不关键的压力范围(线22的左侧)与泵9可能不再能起动的关键的压力范围(线22的右侧)分开。自动接通回油泵9的门限值此时设置成使它小于或等于关键的压力22或相应的扭矩T。因此确保，在任何情况下起动泵9。但是门限值优选大于无衰退系统(在正常条件下)的抱死-制动压力。因此防止，在ABS激活前，在正常条件下接通回油泵。
此外图2示出了在泵9旋转期间最大的平均扭矩T，该扭矩通过线24标明。回油泵9基本上只需设计成使最大平均扭矩T(线24)大于在制动时在制动系统中存在的平均制动压力。在这种情况下泵9连续运行，并且不停止。

Claims (6)

1.液压制动系统，包括制动主缸(4)和泵装置(9)，借助于该泵装置(9)能够从制动器朝制动主缸(4)的方向抽取回液压油，
以及包括用于激活泵装置(9)的电子控制装置，其特征在于：设置电子控制装置，从而在衰退时，当制动压力超过预先确定的门限值时所述电子控制装置自动接通泵装置(9)，其中，所述门限值小于衰退-抱死压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统，其特征在于：所述电子控制装置设置成当还没有车轮抱死时在衰退-条件下激活泵装置(9)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的液压制动系统，其特征在于：所述电子控制装置在存在下述条件时激活泵装置(9)，该条件除了制动压力外还要考虑下面的参数中的一个或多个：
a)制动压力梯度，
b)汽车电网电压，或
c)制动系统的温度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的液压制动系统，其特征在于：所述门限值是固定的预先确定的压力值。
5.用于使液压制动系统的泵装置(9)运转的方法，其中，借助于该泵装置(9)能够从制动器朝液压制动系统的制动主缸(4)的方向抽取回液压油，其特征在于：在衰退时，当制动压力超过预先确定的门限值时自动接通泵装置(9)，其中，所述门限值小于衰退-抱死压力。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述门限值是与实际测到的制动压力相比较的压力值。
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DE102012221968A1 (de) 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Durchführung eines Bremsvorgangs in einem Fahrzeug
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