CN101790965A - Artificial culture method for Portunus trituberculatus - Google Patents
Artificial culture method for Portunus trituberculatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial culture method for Portunus trituberculatus in mariculture, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural mariculture. The artificial culture method consists of two parts of technology: 1, an integrated culture regulation method is carried out; and 2, anti-slaughter nets are arranged at the bottom of a pond, 300 nets are arranged in each mu and the slaughter on unshelled crabs by shelled crabs is reduced. The integrated culture regulation method comprises steps of: 1, performing pond regulation: dredging, sterilizing, drying sludge, fertilizing the fond, and laying pipelines at the bottom of the pond and sterilizing the water; 2, performing finite amount of water exchange; 3, regulating the water quality of the culture pond by using composite microorganism agents; 4, reasonable configuring and using aeration facilities; and 5, preparing feeds and reasonably feeding the feeds. Due to the application of the technology, the water quality of the culture pond is improved; the slaughter between the unshelled crabs and the shelled crabs is prevented; and the yield and economic benefit of the portunus trituberculatus are improved.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the artificial cultivating method of Portunus trituberculatus Miers in the mariculture industry (Portunus trituberculatus), belong to agriculture mariculture technology field.
Background technology
Portunus trituberculatus Miers is under the jurisdiction of Crustachia (Crustacea), Decapoda (Decapoda), Portumidae (Portunidae), Portunus (Portunus).Be distributed widely in marine sites such as China, Japan and Korea, China's Portunus trituberculatus Miers fecund is in the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea and the East Sea, is maximum with the natural resources amount in the East Sea.According to one's analysis, the swimming crab edible part accounts for 49%, protein accounts for 15.9%, fat accounts for 3.1%, carbohydrate 0.9%, ash content 2.6%, other trace element is also higher as vitamin A, vitamin C, selenium equal size, to be regarded as seafood top grade owing to its unique local flavor, extremely people's favor, and the domestic and international market is all in very great demand.
Because overfishing, from last century the seventies China marine site Portunus trituberculatus Miers stock number descend day by day, therefore to carry out propagating artificially of Portunus trituberculatus Miers be protection existing resource amount, satisfy the effective way of people's demand.Carry out propagating artificially of Portunus trituberculatus Miers, have advantages such as the breeding facility requirement is low, good environmental adaptability, growth is fast, the culture-cycle is short, and, the Portunus trituberculatus Miers of culturing, its meat taste is little with the wild crab difference, and can grow apart from live transport, the market of its product and price all have very big potentiality.
Through groping of more than two decades, the Portunus trituberculatus Miers of China is cultured and has been broken through indoor industrially artificial breeding and outdoor earth pond attitude in half a lifetime seedling growing process, formed the beach enclosure culture, net enclosure culture, multiple aquaculture models such as shallow sea cage breed and pond culture, wherein pond culture is with low cost, easy and simple to handle, the suitable area of supporting is extensive, become the main breeding way of coastal area, China north and south Portunus trituberculatus Miers, however, owing to reasons such as disease harm and individual autotomys, the breed survival rate is low, on average only about 5-15%, cause culture benefit extremely unstable, have a strong impact on the sound development of this industry, make China's Portunus trituberculatus Miers breed be in low-level for a long time.
The present invention will and be provided with technical measures such as preventing cannibalisation net sheet by the comprehensive regulation in the cultivating link, improve and optimize the water quality of Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivating pool, reduce autotomy, thereby just improve its survival rate, and output is obviously promoted.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at above-mentioned existing breed Portunus trituberculatus Miers technology, Portunus trituberculatus Miers pond cultivation technology to be solved by this invention should be set about from following method: the one, and by the integrated culture regulate and control method, it comprises: 1, pond regulation, Chi Diguandao lay and water body disinfection; 2, limited water gaging exchange; 3, use the water quality of composite microorganism viable bacteria agent regulation and control cultivating pool; 4, the reasonable disposition of oxygenation facility and use; 5, the selection of feed and rationally throwing something and feeding.The 2nd, anti-cannibalisation net sheet is set at the bottom of the pond, reduce not the shell crab to the cannibalisation of shell crab.The application of above-mentioned binomial technical method can significantly improve Portunus trituberculatus Miers pond culture survival rate, promotes output and economic benefit.
Main summary of the invention is as follows:
(I), integrated culture regulate and control method:
One, pond regulation
1, carry out that the pond is smooth, desilting, solarization pond, sterilization, the pond water retention property is good, size is advisable with about 3.0 mu, the depth of water is advisable with 2.0 meters.At the bottom of the pond, lay facilities such as blow-off line, intake-discharge pipe road and gas ducting;
2, through the seawater of sedimentation basin and sterilization pool after filtration, precipitate, disinfect after, with 80 order nylon bolting silk filtered water inlets, to remove non-aquaculture organism and causal organism;
3, send out the pool, promptly cultivate phytoplankton (microalgae), put seedling preceding 10-15 days, 1.5 meters of the water inlet depth of waters are used inorganic fertilizer cultivation phytoplanktons such as urea.Inorganic fertilizer prescription and using method are: with NH4Cl, KCl, (NH4)
2HPO4, urea were by weight 3: 1: 5: 2 mix the every mu of 1 meter depth of water in back splashes by the 1.5-2.0 kilogram;
4, seed is originated and puts in a suitable place to breed: selection neat specification, the III phase juvenile crab that limbs are complete, individuality is healthy and strong, energetic, breeding density is 3000/mu, puts successively at the beginning of 5 months to finish seedling to mid-June.
Two, limited water gaging exchange
1, culture early stage: the pond depth of water is 1.5 meters, intakes 5-10 centimetre every day, and water transparency remains on 30-40 centimetre;
2, culture mid-term: after the breed pool depth of water reached 2 meters water levels, every day, quantity of exchanged water was 10 centimetres, after the temperature rising, can be enlarged to 15-20 centimetre of every day;
3, culture the later stage: along with the rising of temperature and the progressively growth of crab, every day, quantity of exchanged water increased to 30 centimetres, and transparency remains on 30-50 centimetre;
4, add and change the water principle: (a), a quantity of exchanged water is controlled at 10%-15%, keeps environment relatively stable; (b), the water inlet after filtration/precipitate/disinfect, enter cultivating pool again.
Three, use composite microorganism viable bacteria agent regulation and control culture-pool water quality
In culturing overall process, use Main Ingredients and Appearance to carry out regulating and controlling water quality as the composite microorganism viable bacteria agent of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and nitrifier.
Beneficial bacterium peaked in breeding water body in 6-8 days, quantity slowly reduces later on, so regularly imposed 1 kilogram every mu of microorganism live bacteria agent consumption every 10 days, keep the predominance of bacillus, and make kind little algae in pond present steady growth and the good transparency of maintenance water quality.
Four, the reasonable disposition of oxygenation facility and use
Oxygenation of water body top layer and bottom oxygenation combine, and form three-dimensional oxygenation, improve the water body dissolved oxygen.
Rationally open the oxygenation facility: culture early stage and open less, culture the later stage and open more; Cloudy day, rainy day open more; Open when the water body dissolved oxygen content is low morning; Strong will the opening in the afternoon of fine solar irradiation.
Five, the preparation of feed reaches and rationally throws something and feeds
Wet soft the manufactured feed that uses among the present invention is mixed and processed with 7: 3 weight ratio by powder-material and raw fish meat paste material, and the powder-material prescription sees Table 1, main nutrient composition sees Table 2.
The throwing feeding method is: juvenile crab goes into behind the pond to begin to throw something and feed in second day, body weight was thrown the 8%-12% of the amount of raising percentage of liveweight before 10 grams, body weight is at 10 grams-15 grams, the 4%-8% of the throwing amount of raising percentage of liveweight, body weight is thrown the 3%-4% of the amount of raising percentage of liveweight more than 16 grams, divide every day and throw something and feed for 3 times: 5:00 throws 15%, 18:00 throws 65%, and 22:00 throws 20%.
Table 1 Portunus trituberculatus Miers mash feed material composition is formed table
| Feed is formed | Fish meal (CP60.2%) | α-potato starch | Big dregs of beans (2 grades) | Dextrin | Casein | Fish oil | B B-complex | The shell element | Mineral salt |
| Percentage composition (%) | ??45 | ??16 | ??13 | ??8 | ??10 | ??4.5 | ??1 | ??0.1 | ??2.4 |
Table 2 Portunus trituberculatus Miers mash feed main nutrient composition table
| Nutrient component | Crude protein | Raw fiber | Crude fat | Total calcium | Total phosphorus | Other nutriment such as moisture |
| Percentage composition (%) | ??44.2 | ??1.5 | ??7.3 | ??2.0 | ??1.6 | ??43.4 |
(II), anti-cannibalisation net sheet is set
Portunus trituberculatus Miers is formed in the process, because of the individual size of crab and the temporal differences of casting off a skin, very easily causes cannibalism.Have the habit of the attached veil of diving according to Portunus trituberculatus Miers, the things concealed of some is set, can effectively reduce the invasion and attack of autotomy phenomenon and other harmful animal, the anti-cannibalisation net sheet that the present invention is provided with, material is that polyethylene does not have tubercle net sheet, long 20 centimetres of mesh, and the net sheet is high 50 centimetres, 1.5 meters of every lengths of a film, the net bending tablet is zigzag., and be inserted at the bottom of the pond, every mu of cultivating pool plugs 300, zigzag net sheet helps hiding of shell crab, exempts from the not cannibalisation of shell crab.
Specific embodiment
The pond breeding method of the open Portunus trituberculatus Miers of the present invention, this cultural method are mainly regulated and control and are provided with to prevent cannibalisation net sheet from integrated culture, follow these steps to operation.
(I), integrated culture regulate and control method:
One, the preparation in pond
1,3 mu of left and right sides cultivating pools of area, 2 meters of the depth of waters are the bottom of a pan shape at the bottom of the pond, and handle through desilting, solarization pond, a pool.(1), is provided with the blowdown of ф 200mm pipeline in the middle of at the bottom of the pond; (2), be provided with into emptying gate, advance, arrange seawater with the polyethylene pipe of ф 250mm; (3), pond bottom is provided with the oxygenation facility, installation method: PVC is installed around along the pond is responsible for, use the threeway connecting branch again, pipe arrangement is the order font.PVC arm ф 15mm, inflation aperture 0.5mm～0.7mm is about pitch of holes 2m, about 15cm, its effective mao bamboon is pinioned support at the bottom of the pool for two branch interval 6m～10m, arm, with two logical, threeway or interface arm is interconnected then, and connect with the air compressor machine on the dyke;
2, auxiliary facility: be provided with each 2 of seawater sedimentation basin and sterilization pools, dark 2 meters of pond.Be equipped with 2 air compressor machines, carry out the qi of chong channel ascending adversely of pond bottom pipeline.Each pond is equipped with 2 in aerator in addition;
3, put and culture water treatment before the seedling: culture the pool with the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of bleaching powder 50 gram/cubic meters, enter the pond to remove non-aquaculture organism and causal organism with 80 order nylon bolting silk filter-sterilized water;
4, seed is originated and puts in a suitable place to breed: selection neat specification, the III phase juvenile crab that limbs are complete, individuality is healthy and strong, energetic, breeding density is 3000/mu, puts successively at the beginning of 5 months to finish seedling to mid-June.
Two, culture the exchange of water finite quantity
1, culture early stage: the pond depth of water is 1.5 meters, intakes 5-10 centimetre every day, and water transparency remains on 30-40 centimetre;
2, culture mid-term: after the breed pool depth of water reached 2 meters water levels, every day, quantity of exchanged water was 10 centimetres, after the temperature rising, can be enlarged to 15-20 centimetre of every day;
3, culture the later stage: along with the rising of temperature and the progressively growth of crab, every day, quantity of exchanged water increased to 30 centimetres, and transparency remains on 30-50 centimetre;
4, source water treatment: seawater through 24 hours post precipitations, is extracted into the bleaching powder sterilization of using 10ppm in the sterilization pool in sedimentation basin, support the crab pool with the beautiful filtration of 80 order nylon mesh and through the suction of 250mm rice polyethylene pipe after 24 hours.
Three, use composite microorganism viable bacteria agent regulation and control culture-pool water quality
After juvenile crab is put 20 days in a suitable place to breed, use composite microorganism viable bacteria agent (Main Ingredients and Appearance is with lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and nitrifier etc.) to carry out regulating and controlling water quality.Each pond applied once in per 10 days, and each usage amount is 1 kilogram every mu, full pool spilling head.
Four, the configuration of oxygenation facility and use
1, puts behind the seedling in 20 days not to the pond bottom blowdown.Open air compressor machine twice at dawn and noon every day, each 2 hours, undertaken at the bottom of the pond towards oxygen by the pvc pipe around the pond;
2, culture in 20-70 days, also start the paddle aerator on the face of pond every day except that opening air compressor machine, and prolong the available machine time, started shooting every day 3-4 hour;
3, culture after 70 days, suspend whole day start in 1.5 hours during except that bait throwing in and dirt is discharged the pond from the blow-off line in the middle of the pond;
4, require that dissolved oxygen maintains more than 4 mg/litre in the pond.
Five, the preparation of feed and throwing something and feeding
1, the composition of feed and proportioning: employed feed is wet mixed feed of soft granules, process with 7: 3 weight ratios by powder-material and raw fish meat paste, powdery amount and the prescription table 1 that sees before, its nutrition is crude protein 43.6%, raw fiber 2.5%, crude fat 7.0%, total calcium 2.0%, total phosphorus 1.6% (table 2 sees before).
2, juvenile crab goes into behind the pond just to begin to throw something and feed in second day, and the pass of feeding volume and crab body weight is:
(a), body weight restrains the 8%-12% of the throwing amount of raising percentage of liveweight less than 10;
(b), body weight is at 10 grams-15 grams, the 4%-8% of the throwing amount of raising percentage of liveweight;
(c), body weight more than 16 grams, throw the 3%-4% of the amount of raising percentage of liveweight.
3, throw something and feed the time
(a), divide every day and throw something and feed for 3 times: 5 o'clock of morning is thrown 15% of whole day amount;
(b), 65% of 6 pm clock throwing whole day amount;
(c), 8 o'clock of evening is thrown 20% of whole day amount.
(II), anti-cannibalisation net sheet is set
The net sheet material is that polyethylene does not have tubercle net sheet, and mesh is long 20 centimetres, and the net sheet is high 50 centimetres, and 1.5 meters of every length overalls are zigzag with the net bending tablet., and be inserted at the bottom of the pond, every mu of cultivating pool plugs 300.
Adopt above-mentioned cultural method, through the pond culture of the 4-5 month, rising the 9-10 month when catching, output improves more than 30% than existing cultural technique, and tangible economic benefit is arranged, and is worthy of popularization.
Claims (1)
1. the pond breeding method of Portunus trituberculatus Miers is characterized in that this pond breeding method comprises (I) integrated culture regulate and control method and (II) anti-cannibalisation net sheet is set to form, and described integrated culture regulate and control method follows these steps to operate.
(I), integrated culture regulate and control method:
One, the preparation in pond
(a), 2 meters of the depth of waters, the end, be a pot shape, through desilting, shine pond, sterilization, send out the pool and handle, lays blow-off pipe and intake-discharge pipe road in the bottom, gas ducting is set around in the pond, and be connected with on the bank air compressor machine;
(b), select neat specification, limbs are complete, individuality is healthy and strong, energetic III phase juvenile crab, breeding density is 3000/mu.
Two, culture the exchange of water finite quantity
(a), culture early stage: the pond depth of water is 1.5 meters, intakes 5-10 centimetre every day, and water transparency remains on 30-40 centimetre;
(b), culture mid-term: after the breed pool depth of water reached 2 meters water levels, every day, quantity of exchanged water was 10 centimetres, after the temperature rising, can be enlarged to 15-20 centimetre of every day;
(c), culture the later stage: along with the rising of temperature and the progressively growth of crab, every day, quantity of exchanged water increased to 30 centimetres, and transparency remains on 30-50 centimetre;
(d), source water treatment: seawater through 24 hours post precipitations, is extracted into the bleaching powder sterilization of using 10ppm in the sterilization pool in sedimentation basin, be drawn into cultivating pool with 80 order nylon bolting silks with the disinfectant filtration and with disinfectant after 24 hours.
Three, use composite microorganism viable bacteria agent regulation and control culture-pool water quality
After juvenile crab is put 20 days in a suitable place to breed, use Main Ingredients and Appearance to carry out regulating and controlling water quality as the composite microorganism viable bacteria agent of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and nitrifier.Each pond applied once in per 10 days, and each usage amount is 1 kilogram every mu, full pool spilling head.
Four, the configuration of oxygenation facility and use
(a), put behind the seedling in 20 days not to the pond bottom blowdown.Open air compressor machine twice at dawn and noon every day, each 2 hours, undertaken at the bottom of the pond towards oxygen by the gas tube around the pond;
(b), culture in 20-70 days, also start the paddle aerator on the face of pond every day except that opening air compressor machine, and prolong the available machine time, started shooting every day 3-4 hour;
(c), culture after 70 days time-out whole day start in 1.5 hours and the blow-off line discharge pond that dirt is middle from the pond during except that bait throwing in;
(d), require that dissolved oxygen maintains more than 4 mg/litre in the pond.
Five, feed is prepared and is thrown something and fed
(a), the preparation of feed and throwing something and feeding: feed is processed with 7: 3 weight ratios by powder-material and raw fish meat paste, and its nutrition is crude protein 44.2%, raw fiber 1.5%, crude fat 7.3%, total calcium 2.0%, total phosphorus 1.6%.
(b), juvenile crab goes into behind the pond just to begin to throw something and feed in second day, the pass of feeding volume and crab body weight is:
(i), body weight restrains the 8%-12% of the throwing amount of raising percentage of liveweight less than 10;
(ii), body weight is at 10 grams-15 grams, the 4%-8% of the throwing amount of raising percentage of liveweight;
(iii), body weight more than 16 grams, throw the 3%-4% of the amount of raising percentage of liveweight.
(c), throw something and feed the time
(i), divide every day and throw something and feed for 3 times: 5 o'clock of morning is thrown 15% of whole day amount;
(ii), 65% of 6 pm clock throwing whole day amount;
(iii, 8 o'clock of evening are thrown 20% of whole day amount.
The described setting prevents that cannibalisation net sheet method is:
(II), anti-cannibalisation net sheet is set
The net sheet material is that polyethylene does not have tubercle net sheet, and mesh is long 20 centimetres, and the net sheet is high 50 centimetres, and 1.5 meters of every length overalls are zigzag with the net bending tablet., and be inserted at the bottom of the pond, every mu of cultivating pool plugs 300.
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