CN101775623A - Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell - Google Patents
Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775623A CN101775623A CN200910300131A CN200910300131A CN101775623A CN 101775623 A CN101775623 A CN 101775623A CN 200910300131 A CN200910300131 A CN 200910300131A CN 200910300131 A CN200910300131 A CN 200910300131A CN 101775623 A CN101775623 A CN 101775623A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of an aluminum cell, which comprises cathode carbon blocks (1) and cathode steel bars (6), wherein the cathode carbon blocks (1) are arranged in parallel along the length direction according to a conventional mode; break joints among the cathode carbon blocks (1) are tied firmly by using a carbon element paste (2) to form a cuboid cathode structure; and the upper part of the cathode carbon blocks (1) is provided with an aluminum storage pool (4) and a spout. Carbon blocks (3) are in adhesive connection with the cathode carbon blocks (1). By using the energy-saving cathode carbon block structure, a great deal of aluminum liquid in an electrolytic cell is stored in the aluminum storage pool, and the fluctuation generated by the influence on the aluminum liquid by electromagnetic force is limited by the aluminum storage pool. Simultaneously, the processed (adhered) cathode carbon blocks change the resistance of conventional cathodes to ensure that the resistance from the aluminum storage pool to the cathode steel bars is greatly lower than that from the surface of a cathode to the cathode steel bar, so a great deal of current flows to the cathode steel bars from the aluminum storage pool, the horizontal current on the cathode surface is greatly reduced, the electromagnetic force is weakened and the fluctuation of the aluminum fluid is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cathode structure of aluminium cell.
Background technology
General aluminium cell is the box-shaped of a rectangular parallelepiped at present, and molten cryolitic electrolytic solution and the aluminium liquid about 900～1000 ℃ is equipped with in inside.Electrolyzer is provided with riser bus bar in a side of long axis direction, and electric current enters the anode beams on the groove thus.The carbon annode that is suspended on the anode beams is immersed in the electrolytic solution, generates aluminium liquid with electrolytic solution generation chemical reaction, and aluminium liquid is termly by outside the task equipment sucking-off groove.In the bottom of electrolyzer, by some carbon anode/cathodes that are built-in with rod iron electric current to be derived outside the groove, electric current is pooled on the riser bus bar of next platform trough by being arranged on electrolyzer negative busbar all around.Electrolyzer is sent to electric current on the downstream slot from upstream slot by the series system of a plurality of resistance.In this process,, thereby need to consume a large amount of electric energy because the full groove pressure drop of electrolyzer is formed in the volts lost that each resistance exists.
The electric energy efficiency of Aluminium Electrolysis (η E) is meant the metallic aluminium of production some amount, the ratio of energy that should consume (W reason) and the energy (W is real) that in fact consumed in theory, that is:
η E=W reason/W in fact * 100%
By calculating, when adopting the active anode aluminium metallurgy, the theoretical power consumption of every kg aluminium is 6.33kwh; And the state-of-the-art electrolytic aluminium factory of our times is grabbed the 325kA electrolytic series of Quebec, CAN, and its power consumption reaches 9.0kwh, and hence one can see that, and the electric energy efficiency η E of its electrolysis of aluminum is: η E=W reason/W reality * 100%=6.33/9.0=48.7%.This shows that the utilization rate of electrical of Aluminium Electrolysis is very low, energy-saving potential is very big.
In Aluminium Electrolysis, energy-conservation approach is a lot.In theory, the power consumption rate only depends on that the average voltage V of current efficiency and electrolyzer is flat.And the average voltage of aluminium cell mainly comprises three parts, that is:
V puts down=Δ V groove+Δ mother V+Δ V effect
In the following formula: Δ V groove is an electric tank working voltage, comprises that anode, negative electrode, electrolyte voltage are fallen and counter-electromotive force (or claiming actual decomposition voltage), as shown in the formula expression:
V groove=Δ V sun+Δ V the moon+Δ V matter+E is anti-
Δ V is female to fall for the outer busbar voltage of groove, and the outer bus of groove mainly contains and connects bus etc. between positive bar and groove.When electric current passes through these buses, will cause the resistive voltage loss, although they are very little, certain electrolysis loss is arranged.In addition, the contact position of bus and bus (welding or crimping) also can produce contact drop.
Δ V effect is shared volts lost for anode effect.
In the electrolyzer production process, when generating effect, bath voltage can raise suddenly, and this also can cause the extra consumption of electric energy, and it is shared out equally in the whole electrolytic series on each electrolyzer, is called anode effect and shares voltage.
Typical case's electrolyzer each several part voltage is composed as follows:
By above theory as can be known, after design of electrolysis cells was finished, its cathode drop, anode drop, bus pressure drop promptly can be considered constant.And and the production related effect to share the ratio of the shared full bath voltage of voltage less, control this part and be difficult to reduce significantly the groove average voltage.As seen from the above table, electrolyte voltage is fallen and has been accounted for 35%～40% of average voltage, is one of key project that reduces the electrolyzer average voltage.
At present, the reduction method for the ionogen pressure drop mainly contains two kinds:
First method: improve electrolyte ingredient, improve electrolytical electric conductivity;
Second method: reduce pole span (distance on anode and aluminium liquid surface), promptly reduce the resistance of electrolyte melt;
For first method, testing laboratory's test data shows that when molecular ratio increase by 0.1, its specific conductivity increases by 1.5% approximately.Corresponding ionogen pressure drop can reduce by 1.5%.Yet, will reduce current efficiency again after molecular ratio is too high, therefore, this method only is suitable for slightly reducing the energy consumption of electrolyzer, and at present the molecular ratio of industrial cell generally all between 2.0～2.6, can obtain the better economic index.
For second kind of method that reduces pole span, depend primarily on the moving situation of aluminium fluid wave in the electrolyzer.We know, when direct current by conductor, environment is around produced powerful magnetic field.In the magnetic field that aluminium liquid in the electrolyzer just in time is in column, positive bar, negative busbar and is produced, and itself is a current, and therefore, aluminium liquid can be subjected to the influence of the action of a magnetic field power and move.In electrolyzer, " magnetomechanical effects " takes place in the effect that is subjected to the magnetic field vertical component owing to the horizontal current component in the aluminium liquid; In addition, ionogen and aluminium liquid also are subjected to the stirring action of anodic gas.Aluminium liquid surface can produce distortion under these circumstances; After these distortion are big, will cause the fluctuation on aluminium liquid surface, thereby bring difficulty for reducing pole span.Therefore, how suppressing the fluctuation at aluminium liquid interface, is to reduce the key that pole span reduces voltage.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: a kind of energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell is provided, this structure is suppressed at the fluctuation of aluminium liquid in the scope, pole span is effectively reduced, reduce the electrolyzer average voltage, waits deficiency greatly with the fluctuation that overcomes the aluminium liquid interface that prior art exists.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: carry out machining or carry out abnormal shape bonding at traditional cathode surface, cathode block cutting (bonding) is gone out one by one storage aluminium pond, aluminium liquid in the electrolyzer is stored in the aluminium pond in large quantities, and aluminium liquid is subjected to the influence of electromagnetic force and the fluctuation that produces will be limited by storage aluminium pond.Simultaneously, cathode block by processing (bonding), changed the resistance of conventional cathode, make storage aluminium pond to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron be significantly less than the resistance of cathode surface to the negative electrode rod iron, thereby make a large amount of electric currents flow to cathode steel bar, and a spot of electric current flow to cathode steel bar by cathode surface by storage aluminium pond.So, can significantly reduce at the horizontal current of cathode surface, thereby electromagnetic force weakens, the fluctuation of aluminium liquid is lowered.
The present invention compared with prior art, the present invention is stored in the aluminium pond aluminium liquid in the electrolyzer in large quantities, aluminium liquid is subjected to the influence of electromagnetic force and the fluctuation that produces will be limited by storage aluminium pond.Simultaneously, changed the resistance of conventional cathode by the cathode block of processing (bonding), make storage aluminium pond to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron be significantly less than the resistance of cathode surface to the negative electrode rod iron, thereby make a large amount of electric currents flow to cathode steel bar by storage aluminium pond, and a spot of electric current flow to cathode steel bar by cathode surface, horizontal current at cathode surface can significantly reduce, thereby electromagnetic force weakens, and the fluctuation of aluminium liquid is lowered.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the prior art constructions synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a structural representation of the present invention, and section is that the carbon piece 3 of circular arc is bonding the connection with cathode block 1 among the figure;
Fig. 3 is another structural representation of the present invention, among the figure between between the cathode block 1 seam surface be interrupted bonding carbon piece 3 along length direction, carbon piece 3 is a cuboid;
Fig. 4 is another structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the A--A sectional view of Fig. 4, the bottom surface of spout 5 is flat among the figure, and dual-side is a tilting.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention:
Embodiment one, as schematically shown in Figure 2, it comprises cathode block 1, cathode steel bar 6, cathode block 1 discharges along its length direction side by side by traditional way, break joint between the cathode block 1 is stuck with paste 2 with carbon element and is pricked admittedly, form the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped, storage aluminium pond 4 and spout 5 are arranged on cathode block 1 top.Cathode carbon pieces 1 adopts two rod iron configurations.
Specifically be made as: cathode carbon pieces 1 is of a size of the rectangular parallelepiped of 3240 (length) * 515 (wide) * 450 (height) mm, the charcoal piece 3 of a thick 150mm, long 1600mm, wide 515mm is processed into circular arc type, arc radius is 150mm, above-mentioned cathode carbon pieces 1, charcoal piece 3 these two parts are carried out when the brickwork bonding, thereby form storage aluminium pond 4; Two sections storage aluminium ponds 4 are arranged on each cathode carbon pieces; Form spout 5 by the surface of cathode carbon pieces 1 and the end face of charcoal piece 3, the aluminium liquid in the storage aluminium pond 4 is pooled to the aluminium inlet storage by the spout 5 at electrolyzer middle part, by vacuum ladle it is extracted out again.
Embodiment two, as schematically shown in Figure 3, it comprises cathode block 1, cathode steel bar 6, and cathode block 1 discharges along its length direction side by side by traditional way, and the break joint between the cathode block 1 is stuck with paste 2 with carbon element and is pricked admittedly, forms the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped; Seam surface is interrupted bonding carbon piece 3 along length direction between cathode block 1, makes carbon piece 3 and cathode block 1 surface form longitudinally bathtub construction and promptly stores up aluminium groove 4, forms horizontal spout 5 at the middle part of cathode block 1 simultaneously.Carbon piece 3 is a silicon carbide bulk, can be made into "T"-shaped structure, and the convex part of carbon piece 3 inserts adjacent cathode carbon pieces break joint position.
Embodiment three, it comprises cathode block 1, cathode steel bar 6, and cathode block 1 forms one group of cathode block group with cathode steel bar 6 by pricking to stick with paste; Storage aluminium groove 4 and spout 5 are arranged on cathode block 1 top, the bottom surface of spout 5 is flat, and dual-side is a tilting.
During making, after the negative electrode upper surface adopted machining mode to process distinctive storage aluminium groove 4 and spout 5, cathode steel bar formed one group of cathode block group by pricking paste mode and cathode block.To organize the cathode block group more then and put into electrolyzer, and prick between every group of cathode block group and stick with paste connection.Final electric tank cathode formation has many and stores up the spout 5 that aluminium grooves 4 are low with the centre, both sides are high.
More than invention can be used on the electrolyzer of differing capacities the cathode assembly as electrode, and cathode block 1 can segmentation, generally is divided into 1～3 section and makes; The quantity of cathode steel bar and shape can be adjusted, and can be adjusted by the quantity of bonding carbon piece 3 and size, and carbon piece 3 can be made of carborundum.Simultaneously, the material of this each integral part of cathode assembly also can adjust accordingly according to practical situation.
Claims (10)
1. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell, it comprises cathode block (1), cathode steel bar (6), cathode block (1) discharges along its length direction side by side by traditional way, the break joint that faces mutually between the cathode block (1) is stuck with paste (2) bundle admittedly with carbon element, form the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped, it is characterized in that: storage aluminium pond (4) and spout (5) are arranged on cathode block (1) top.
2. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: carbon piece (3) is arranged on cathode block (1) top, carbon piece (3) is bonding the connection with cathode block (1), storage aluminium groove (4) is arranged on carbon piece (3), and carbon piece (3) forms spout (5) with cathode block (1) surface.
3. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cathode carbon pieces (1) adopts two rod iron configurations.
4. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cathode carbon pieces (1) is of a size of the rectangular parallelepiped of 3240mm * 15mm * 50mm.
5. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the section in storage aluminium pond (4) is a circular arc.
6. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the section arc radius in storage aluminium pond (4) is 150mm.
7. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 2 is characterized in that: storage aluminium pond (4) is processed by the charcoal piece (3) of thick 160mm, long 1600mm, wide 515mm.
8. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be interrupted bonding carbon piece (3) along length direction above the break joint between cathode block (1), cathode block (1) surface forms storage aluminium groove (4) and spout (5) with carbon piece (3).
9. energy-saving aluminum cell cathode carbon block structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bottom surface of spout (5) is flat, and dual-side is a tilting.
10. according to claim 2,5,6,7 or 8 described energy-saving aluminum cell cathode carbon block structures, it is characterized in that: carbon piece (3) is the carborundum material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200910300131 CN101775623B (en) | 2009-01-09 | 2009-01-09 | Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell |
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| CN 200910300131 CN101775623B (en) | 2009-01-09 | 2009-01-09 | Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell |
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| CN101775623A true CN101775623A (en) | 2010-07-14 |
| CN101775623B CN101775623B (en) | 2013-05-15 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102560544A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中南大学 | Percolating type aluminium electrolytic cell and method for stabilizing molten aluminium in electrolytic cell |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4631121A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-12-23 | Reynolds Metals Company | Alumina reduction cell |
| CN201141045Y (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2008-10-29 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Flow guiding type combined cathode of aluminum cell |
| CN101323958A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-12-17 | 高德金 | Novel aluminum cell structure |
| CN201354385Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath cathode block structure |
| CN201354386Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath energy-saving cathode block structure |
-
2009
- 2009-01-09 CN CN 200910300131 patent/CN101775623B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4631121A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-12-23 | Reynolds Metals Company | Alumina reduction cell |
| CN101323958A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-12-17 | 高德金 | Novel aluminum cell structure |
| CN201141045Y (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2008-10-29 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Flow guiding type combined cathode of aluminum cell |
| CN201354385Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath cathode block structure |
| CN201354386Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath energy-saving cathode block structure |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102560544A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中南大学 | Percolating type aluminium electrolytic cell and method for stabilizing molten aluminium in electrolytic cell |
| CN102560544B (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2014-08-06 | 中南大学 | Percolating type aluminium electrolytic cell and method for stabilizing molten aluminium in electrolytic cell |
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| CN101775623B (en) | 2013-05-15 |
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