CN101775623B - Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell - Google Patents
Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775623B CN101775623B CN 200910300131 CN200910300131A CN101775623B CN 101775623 B CN101775623 B CN 101775623B CN 200910300131 CN200910300131 CN 200910300131 CN 200910300131 A CN200910300131 A CN 200910300131A CN 101775623 B CN101775623 B CN 101775623B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of an aluminum cell, which comprises cathode carbon blocks (1) and cathode steel bars (6), wherein the cathode carbon blocks (1) are arranged in parallel along the length direction according to a conventional mode; break joints among the cathode carbon blocks (1) are tied firmly by using a carbon element paste (2) to form a cuboid cathode structure; and the upper part of the cathode carbon blocks (1) is provided with an aluminum storage pool (4) and a spout. Carbon blocks (3) are in adhesive connection with the cathode carbon blocks (1). By using the energy-saving cathode carbon block structure, a great deal of aluminum liquid in an electrolytic cell is stored in the aluminum storage pool, and the fluctuation generated by the influence on the aluminum liquid by electromagnetic force is limited by the aluminum storage pool. Simultaneously, the processed (adhered) cathode carbon blocks change the resistance of conventional cathodes to ensure that the resistance from the aluminum storage pool to the cathode steel bars is greatly lower than that from the surface of a cathode to the cathode steel bar, so a great deal of current flows to the cathode steel bars from the aluminum storage pool, the horizontal current on the cathode surface is greatly reduced, the electromagnetic force is weakened and the fluctuation of the aluminum fluid is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cathode structure of aluminium cell.
Background technology
General aluminium cell is the box-shaped of a rectangular parallelepiped at present, and molten cryolitic electrolytic solution and the aluminium liquid of 900 ~ 1000 ℃ of left and right is equipped with in inside.Electrolyzer is provided with riser bus bar in a side of long axis direction, and electric current enters the anode beams on groove thus.The carbon annode that is suspended on anode beams is immersed in electrolytic solution, generates aluminium liquid with electrolytic solution generation chemical reaction, and aluminium liquid is termly by outside task equipment sucking-off groove.In the bottom of electrolyzer, by some carbon anode/cathodes that are built-in with rod iron, electric current to be derived outside groove, electric current is pooled on the riser bus bar of next platform trough by the negative busbar that is arranged on the electrolyzer surrounding.Electrolyzer is sent to electric current on downstream slot from upstream slot by the series system of a plurality of resistance.In this process, the volts lost that exists due to each resistance forms the full groove pressure drop of electrolyzer, thereby needs to consume a large amount of electric energy.
The electric energy efficiency of Aluminium Electrolysis (η E) refers to the metallic aluminium of production some amount, the ratio of the energy that should consume in theory (W reason) and the energy (W is real) that in fact consumes, that is:
η E=W reason/W in fact * 100%
By calculating, when adopting the active anode aluminium metallurgy, the theoretical power consumption of every kg aluminium is 6.33kwh; And the state-of-the-art electrolytic aluminium factory of our times---the 325kA electrolytic series of Quebec, CAN, its power consumption reaches 9.0kwh, and hence one can see that, and the electric energy efficiency η E of its electrolysis of aluminum is: η E=W reason/W reality * 100%=6.33/9.0=48.7%.This shows, the utilization rate of electrical of Aluminium Electrolysis is very low, and energy-saving potential is very large.
In Aluminium Electrolysis, energy-conservation approach is a lot.In theory, the power consumption rate only depends on that the average voltage V of current efficiency and electrolyzer is flat.And the average voltage of aluminium cell mainly comprises three parts, that is:
V puts down=Δ V groove+Δ mother V+Δ V effect
In following formula: Δ V groove is electric tank working voltage, comprises that anode, negative electrode, electrolyte voltage are fallen and counter-electromotive force (or claiming actual decomposition voltage), as shown in the formula expression:
V groove=Δ V sun+Δ V the moon+Δ V matter+E is anti-
Δ V is female to fall for the outer busbar voltage of groove, and the outer bus of groove mainly contains and connects bus etc. between positive bar and groove.When electric current passes through these buses, will cause the resistive voltage loss, although they are very little, certain electrolysis loss is arranged.In addition, the contact position of bus and bus (welding or crimping) also can produce contact drop.
Δ V effect is shared volts lost for anode effect.
In the electrolyzer production process, when generating effect, bath voltage can raise suddenly, and this also can cause the extra consumption of electric energy, and it is shared out equally in whole electrolytic series on each electrolyzer, is called anode effect and shares voltage.
Typical case's electrolyzer each several part voltage is composed as follows:
By above theory as can be known, after design of electrolysis cells was completed, its cathode drop, anode drop, bus pressure drop namely can be considered constant.And to share the ratio of the shared full bath voltage of voltage less with producing relevant effect, controls this part and be difficult to decrease groove average voltage.As seen from the above table, electrolyte voltage is fallen and has been accounted for 35%～40% of average voltage, is one of key project that reduces the electrolyzer average voltage.
At present, the reduction method for the ionogen pressure drop mainly contains two kinds:
First method: improve electrolyte ingredient, improve electrolytical electric conductivity;
Second method: reduce pole span (distance on anode and aluminium liquid surface), namely reduce the resistance of electrolyte melt;
For first method, testing laboratory's test data shows, when molecular ratio increases by 0.1, its specific conductivity approximately increases by 1.5%.Corresponding ionogen pressure drop can reduce by 1.5%.Yet, will reduce current efficiency again after molecular ratio is too high, therefore, the method only is suitable for slightly reducing the energy consumption of electrolyzer, and at present the molecular ratio of industrial cell generally all between 2.0～2.6, can obtain economic target preferably.
Reduce the method for pole span for the second, depend primarily on the situation of metal wave in electrolyzer.We know, by conductor, environment are around produced powerful magnetic field when direct current.Aluminium liquid in electrolyzer just in time is in the magnetic field that column, positive bar, negative busbar produce, and itself is current－carrying conductor, and therefore, aluminium liquid can be subject to the impact of the action of a magnetic field power and move.In electrolyzer, " magnetomechanical effects " occurs in the effect that is subject to the magnetic field vertical component due to the horizontal current component in aluminium liquid; In addition, ionogen and aluminium liquid also are subject to the stirring action of anodic gas.Aluminium liquid surface can produce distortion under these circumstances; After these distortion are large, will cause the fluctuation on aluminium liquid surface, thereby bring difficulty for reducing pole span.Therefore, how suppressing the fluctuation at aluminium liquid interface, is to reduce the key that pole span reduces voltage.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: a kind of energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell is provided, this structure is suppressed at the fluctuation of aluminium liquid in a scope, pole span is effectively reduced, reduce the electrolyzer average voltage, waits greatly deficiency with the fluctuation at the aluminium liquid interface that overcomes that prior art exists.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: it comprises cathode block, cathode steel bar, cathode block discharges side by side along its length direction in a traditional way, the break joint that faces mutually between cathode block is stuck with paste bundle admittedly with carbon element, form the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped, on cathode block top, the carbon piece is arranged, the carbon piece is bonding the connection with cathode block, and storage aluminium groove and spout are arranged on cathode block top.
Carry out machining or carry out abnormal shape bonding at traditional cathode surface, cathode block cutting (bonding) is gone out one by one storage aluminium groove, aluminium liquid in electrolyzer is stored in the aluminium groove in large quantities, and aluminium liquid is subject to the impact of electromagnetic force and the fluctuation that produces will be limited by storage aluminium groove.Simultaneously, cathode block by processing (bonding), changed the resistance of conventional cathode, make storage aluminium groove to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron be significantly less than cathode surface to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron, thereby make a large amount of electric currents by storage aluminium concentrated flow to the negative electrode rod iron, and a small amount of electric current flow to cathode steel bar by cathode surface.So, can greatly reduce at the horizontal current of cathode surface, thereby electromagnetic force weakens, the fluctuation of aluminium liquid is lowered.
The present invention compared with prior art, the present invention is stored in the aluminium groove aluminium liquid in electrolyzer in large quantities, aluminium liquid is subject to the impact of electromagnetic force and the fluctuation that produces will be limited by storage aluminium groove.Simultaneously, changed the resistance of conventional cathode by the cathode block of processing (bonding), make storage aluminium groove to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron be significantly less than cathode surface to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron, thereby make a large amount of electric currents by storing up the aluminium concentrated flow to the negative electrode rod iron, and a small amount of electric current flow to cathode steel bar by cathode surface, horizontal current at cathode surface can greatly reduce, thereby electromagnetic force weakens, and the fluctuation of aluminium liquid is lowered.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of prior art;
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention, and in figure, section is that the carbon piece 3 of circular arc is bonding the connection with cathode block 1;
Fig. 3 is another structural representation of the present invention, in figure between between cathode block 1 seam surface be interrupted bonding carbon piece 3 along length direction, carbon piece 3 is cuboid;
Fig. 4 is another structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the A--A sectional view of Fig. 4, in figure, the bottom surface of spout 5 is flat, and dual-side is tilting.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention:
Embodiment one, as schematically shown in Figure 2, it comprises cathode block 1, cathode steel bar 6, cathode block 1 discharges side by side along its length direction in a traditional way, break joint between cathode block 1 is stuck with paste 2 with carbon element and is pricked admittedly, form the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped, on cathode block 1 top, storage aluminium groove 4 and spout 5 are arranged.Cathode block 1 adopts two rod iron configurations.
Specifically be made as: it is long that cathode block 1 is of a size of 3240() * 515(is wide) * 450(is high) rectangular parallelepiped of mm, the carbon piece 3 of a thick 150mm, long 1600mm, wide 515mm is processed into circular arc type, arc radius is 150mm, above-mentioned cathode block 1, carbon piece 3 these two parts are carried out when the brickwork bonding, thereby form storage aluminium groove 4; Two sections storage aluminium grooves 4 are arranged on each cathode block; Form spout 5 by the surface of cathode block 1 and the end face of carbon piece 3, the aluminium liquid in storage aluminium groove 4 is pooled to the aluminium inlet storage by the spout 5 at electrolyzer middle part, then by vacuum ladle, it is extracted out.
Embodiment two, as schematically shown in Figure 3, it comprises cathode block 1, cathode steel bar 6, and cathode block 1 discharges side by side along its length direction in a traditional way, and the break joint between cathode block 1 is stuck with paste 2 with carbon element and is pricked admittedly, forms the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped; Seam surface is interrupted bonding carbon piece 3 along length direction between cathode block 1, makes carbon piece 3 and cathode block 1 surface form longitudinally bathtub construction and namely stores up aluminium groove 4, forms horizontal spout 5 at the middle part of cathode block 1 simultaneously.Carbon piece 3 is silicon carbide bulk, can be made into "T"-shaped structure, the convex part adjacent cathode block break joint of the insertion position of carbon piece 3.
Embodiment three, it comprises cathode block 1, cathode steel bar 6, and cathode block 1 is stuck with paste one group of cathode block group of formation with cathode steel bar 6 by bundle; Storage aluminium groove 4 and spout 5 are arranged on cathode block 1 top, the bottom surface of spout 5 is flat, and dual-side is tilting.
During making, after the negative electrode upper surface adopted machining mode to process distinctive storage aluminium groove 4 and spout 5, cathode steel bar formed one group of cathode block group by pricking paste mode and cathode block.Then will organize the cathode block group more and put into electrolyzer, and prick between every group of cathode block group and stick with paste connection.Final electric tank cathode forms has many spouts 5 that storage aluminium grooves 4 are low with the centre, both sides are high.
Above invention can be used on the electrolyzer of differing capacities the cathode assembly as electrode, and cathode block 1 can segmentation, generally is divided into 1～3 section and makes; The quantity of cathode steel bar and shape can be adjusted, and can be adjusted by the quantity of bonding carbon piece 3 and size, and carbon piece 3 can be made of carborundum.Simultaneously, the material of this each integral part of cathode assembly also can adjust accordingly according to practical situation.
Claims (10)
1. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell, it comprises cathode block (1), cathode steel bar (6), cathode block (1) discharges side by side along its length direction in a traditional way, the break joint that faces mutually between cathode block (1) is stuck with paste (2) bundle admittedly with carbon element, form the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped, it is characterized in that: on cathode block (1) top, carbon piece (3) is arranged, carbon piece (3) is bonding the connection with cathode block (1), and storage aluminium groove (4) and spout (5) are arranged on cathode block (1) top; Be interrupted bonding carbon piece (3) along length direction above break joint between cathode block (1), cathode block (1) surface and carbon piece (3) form storage aluminium groove (4) and spout (5).
2. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the two rod irons configurations of cathode block (1) employing.
3. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cathode block (1) is of a size of the rectangular parallelepiped of 3240mm * 515mm * 450mm.
4. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the section of storage aluminium groove (4) is circular arc.
5. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the section arc radius of storage aluminium groove (4) is 150mm.
6. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: storage aluminium groove (4) is processed by the carbon piece (3) of thick 160mm, long 1600mm, wide 515mm.
7. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: carbon piece (3) is "T"-shaped shape, the convex part of carbon piece (3) inserts adjacent cathode block break joint position.
8. energy-saving aluminum cell cathode carbon block structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom surface of spout (5) is flat, dual-side is tilting.
9. according to claim 1-8 described energy-saving aluminum cell cathode carbon block structures of arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: carbon piece (3) is carbofrax material.
10. energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cathode block is 1～3 section.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200910300131 CN101775623B (en) | 2009-01-09 | 2009-01-09 | Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell |
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| CN 200910300131 CN101775623B (en) | 2009-01-09 | 2009-01-09 | Energy-saving cathode carbon block structure of aluminum cell |
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| CN101775623A CN101775623A (en) | 2010-07-14 |
| CN101775623B true CN101775623B (en) | 2013-05-15 |
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| CN102560544B (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2014-08-06 | 中南大学 | Percolating type aluminium electrolytic cell and method for stabilizing molten aluminium in electrolytic cell |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4631121A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-12-23 | Reynolds Metals Company | Alumina reduction cell |
| CN201141045Y (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2008-10-29 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Flow guiding type combined cathode of aluminum cell |
| CN101323958A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-12-17 | 高德金 | Novel aluminum cell structure |
| CN201354385Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath cathode block structure |
| CN201354386Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath energy-saving cathode block structure |
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2009
- 2009-01-09 CN CN 200910300131 patent/CN101775623B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4631121A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-12-23 | Reynolds Metals Company | Alumina reduction cell |
| CN101323958A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-12-17 | 高德金 | Novel aluminum cell structure |
| CN201141045Y (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2008-10-29 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Flow guiding type combined cathode of aluminum cell |
| CN201354385Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath cathode block structure |
| CN201354386Y (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-12-02 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Aluminum electrolysis bath energy-saving cathode block structure |
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