CN105780055A - Aluminum electrolysis cell with aluminum as cathode - Google Patents
Aluminum electrolysis cell with aluminum as cathode Download PDFInfo
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- CN105780055A CN105780055A CN201610273081.1A CN201610273081A CN105780055A CN 105780055 A CN105780055 A CN 105780055A CN 201610273081 A CN201610273081 A CN 201610273081A CN 105780055 A CN105780055 A CN 105780055A
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- aluminum
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- negative electrode
- electrolysis cell
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum electrolysis cell with aluminum as a cathode, and relates to the improvement on aluminum electrolysis cell production with cryolite aluminum monoxide melt as an electrolyte and through a molten salt method. The structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a prebaked anode, a discharging device and a dust purifying device. The aluminum electrolysis cell is characterized in that the structure of a cathode system of the aluminum electrolysis cell comprises an electrolysis cell body, cathode partition walls and a cathode busbar, the cathode partition walls are arranged in cell ledges at the two ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body, a bottom channel is formed between the bottoms of the cathode partition walls and the lower bottom of the aluminum electrolysis cell body, side channels are formed by the cathode partition walls and the inner walls of the cell ledges at the ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body, and the cathode busbar enters the aluminum electrolysis cell body from the side channels formed by the cathode partition walls and the inner walls of the cell ledges at the ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body. According to the aluminum electrolysis cell with aluminum as the cathode, molten aluminum in which no cathode carbon block, no steel bar and no titanium boride coating exist is adopted as the cathode to replace a cathode composed of steel bars and a carbon block set. The defects that according to a traditional aluminum electrolysis cell, aluminum oxide deposit exists on cathode carbon blocks and cellular micro-batteries exist are eliminated. In the electrolysis production process, the problem that aluminum oxide and aluminum carbide which are deposited and generated at the furnace bottom pollute electrolysis molten aluminum does not exist.
Description
Technical field
Using aluminum as the aluminium cell of negative electrode, relate to cryolite one alumina melt as electrolyte, molten-salt growth method produce aluminum
The improvement of electrolysis bath.
Background technology
At present, it is with cryolite one alumina melt as electrolyte that conventional electrolysis aluminum produces, with carbon as anode, with liquid
The cathode systems of aluminum, cathode carbon pieces, cathode steel bar composition is negative electrode, logical DC current, separates out CO at anode2Gas, at negative electrode
Separate out liquid aluminium.According to current technology, produce 1t metallic aluminium and about must consume 15000kw h electricity, aluminium electroloysis 940-960 DEG C
Process conditions under, the energy utilization efficiency of aluminium electroloysis is less than 36%.Conventional aluminum electrolytic cell currents by anode flow through electrolyte,
Aluminum liquid, flows out from negative electrode.Anode drop, electrode resistance pressure drop (including electrolyte, aluminum liquid), cathode drop height are to cause aluminium electroloysis
The major reason that energy utilization efficiency is low.
In aluminium cell resistance drop, cathode drop accounts for the 20% of resistance drop, and the negative electrode of aluminium cell is by groove
Aluminum liquid layer and carbon cathode blocks composition, cathode drop is connect by aluminum liquid layer pressure drop in groove, aluminum carbon contact drop, carbon block pressure drop, carbon steel
Press the part composition such as fall, rod iron pressure drop.At the initial stage (going into operation about 1 year) that electrolysis bath comes into operation, cathode drop is with electrolysis
Groove uses the prolongation of time, has the trend (improve with cathode carbon pieces degree of graphitization and reduce) being gradually lowered.Operation 2-3's
Electrolysis bath, cathode drop keeps relative stability.After, along with electrolysis bath uses the prolongation of time, cathode drop gradually rises
Trend.
Carbon-steel contact drop, carbon block electricity is produced between carbon block and the conduction rod iron of the carbon cathode blocks of conventional aluminum electrolysis bath
Pressure drop, carbon-steel contact drop first drop rise afterwards with groove increases in age.Contact interface voltage drop between electrolytic aluminium liquid and carbon block is by stove
The impact of bear building-up shelly state has bigger fluctuation.As a example by certain type aluminium cell, furnace bottom without crust in the case of, electrolytic aluminium liquid with
Contact interface voltage drop between carbon block is between 20-28mv, and carbon block voltage reduces to the carbon during 102mv, new groove-steel contact pressure
Reducing to 69mv, rod iron pressure drop is 186mv.Rod iron voltage drop during new groove accounts for the 48.8% of furnace bottom voltage drop.Particularly, cloudy
Carbon in the carbon block group of pole-steel contact drop increases along with the increase in groove age, trace it to its cause be due to: electrolysis bath is in the process of use
In, groove electrolyte inside in carbon-steel contact site cooling, is formed not to bottom percolation, the electrolyte penetrated by cathode carbon pieces
The solid electrolyte layer of conduction, makes carbon-steel contact drop steeply rise.On traditional electrolyte groove cathode carbon pieces, it is easy to form oxygen
Change aluminum precipitation, the cellular precipitation that conventional aluminum electrolysis bath carbon block negative electrode is formed, the precipitation of alumina that cathode carbon pieces is formed, it is subject to
The impact of electrolysis bath cold-hot condition and change, precipitation can be pasty state, plate shelly or cellular, and pasty state, plate shelly precipitate
Tank voltage can be made to raise 400mv-900mv, and cellular precipitation not only makes negative electrode hearth and bottom increase, moreover it is possible to formed with aluminum as sun
Pole, micro cell with cathode carbon pieces as negative electrode, generate aluminium oxide on the anode of micro cell, generate aluminium carbide, charcoal on negative electrode
The precipitation of alumina generated on block negative electrode, increases electrolytic aluminium power consumption, reduces Aluminum Electrolysis Efficiency, the aluminium oxide generated, carbon
Changing aluminum causes electrolytic aluminium liquid to pollute.Conventional aluminum electrolysis bath schematic diagram is shown in that Fig. 1, tradition cell cathode carbon block group are shown in Fig. 2, tradition
Fig. 3 is shown in by solid insulation dielectric substrate schematic diagram between aluminum cell cathode steel bar and carbon block, on conventional aluminum electrolysis bath charcoal negative electrode
Fig. 4 is shown in by the cellular precipitation schematic diagram formed.
In sum, the aluminium cell of the traditional structure of negative electrode, cathode steel bar voltage it are made up of aluminum liquid and carbon cathode blocks
Fall accounts for the 49% of hearth and bottom, substantially increases the power consumption of aluminium electroloysis；During electrolysis bath uses, the electrolysis penetrated
Liquid forms nonconducting solid electrolyte layer in carbon-steel contact site, makes carbon-steel contact drop steeply rise, and increases aluminium electroloysis
Power consumption；On cathode carbon pieces formed precipitation of alumina, not only make negative electrode hearth and bottom increase, moreover it is possible to formation with aluminum as anode,
Micro cell with cathode carbon pieces as negative electrode, the aluminium oxide of generation, aluminium carbide, increase electrolytic aluminium power consumption, reduce aluminium electroloysis electric current effect
Rate, causes electrolytic aluminium liquid to pollute simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, it is provided that one can effectively eliminate aluminum-carbon and connect
Press fall, carbon block resistance drop, carbon-steel contact drop, rod iron resistance drop, reduce aluminium electroloysis power consumption, improve aluminium electroloysis electric current
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of efficiency.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Using aluminum as the aluminium cell of negative electrode, its structure includes: prebaked anode, blanking device, powder purification apparatus；It is special
Levy and be that the structure of its cathod system includes:
Cell body, this cell body is the spill cell body being made up of fire-resistant-insulation material；In cell body top edge
It is provided with ledge；
Negative electrode partition wall, in this partition wall is the two ends ledge being respectively arranged on electrit solution cell body and in cell body side channel side
Two partition walls that wall is affixed, are provided with end passage bottom partition wall and between the going to the bottom of electrit solution cell body；Negative electrode partition wall and electrit solution cell body
Termination ledge inwall shape wing passage；
Negative busbar, this negative busbar is entered electrolysis by negative electrode partition wall with electrit solution cell body termination ledge inwall shape wing passage
Cell body.
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention, it is characterised in that its negative electrode partition wall is by cell body from inside to outside
Direction, is made up of carbon block and fire-resistant-insulation material successively, and its carbon block bottom is built aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles.
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention, it is characterised in that be provided with the electrit solution of the two ends of negative electrode partition wall
The ledge of cell body be outside, section be the ledge of " L ".
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention, is the patent of " a kind of aluminum electrolysis method using aluminum as negative electrode "
The special electrolytic tank of application.During aluminum electrolysis, aluminium cell can use conventional anodes system, blanking system, dust purification system
System, due to using without cathode carbon pieces-without rod iron-without the aluminum liquid of titanium boride coating as negative electrode, replacement rod iron-carbon block group negative electrode, disappear
Except the precipitation of alumina on the cathode carbon pieces that conventional aluminum electrolysis bath exists and cellular micro cell defect, in electrolysis production process
In, there is not aluminium oxide, aluminium carbide problem that electrolytic aluminium liquid is polluted that bearth precipitation generates.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the conventional aluminum electrolysis bath schematic diagram of prior art, and in its figure, 1 is traditional electrolyte groove.
Fig. 2 is traditional cell cathode carbon block group schematic diagram of prior art, and in its figure, 2 is carbon cathode blocks.
Fig. 3 is the solid insulation dielectric substrate signal between conventional aluminum electrolytic cell cathode steel bar and the carbon block of prior art
Figure；In its figure, 2g is the solid insulation dielectric substrate between rod iron and carbon block.
Fig. 4 is the cellular precipitation schematic diagram formed on the conventional aluminum electrolysis bath charcoal negative electrode of prior art；In its figure, 2h is
The cellular micro cell formed on cathode carbon pieces.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention；In its figure, 3 is anode, under 4 are
Material device, 5 is powder purification apparatus, and 6 is fine aluminium cathod system, and 6a is cell body, and 6c is negative electrode partition wall, and 7 is negative busbar,
11 is communication passage.
Fig. 6 is the cathode construction A-A planing surface schematic diagram of the aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention；In its figure, 6b
Helping for artificial stove, 7 is negative busbar, and 8 is carbon block, 9 be sidepiece fire-resistant-heat-insulation layer, 10 is aluminium oxide ceramics brick, 11 for UNICOM lead to
Road.
Detailed description of the invention
Using aluminum as the aluminium cell of negative electrode, its structure includes: prebaked anode 3, blanking device 4, powder purification apparatus 5
(see Fig. 5)；The structure (see Fig. 5, Fig. 6) of its cathod system 6 includes:
Cell body 6a (see Fig. 5), this cell body is the spill cell body being made up of fire-resistant-insulation material；At electrolysis bath
Body top edge is provided with ledge 6b (see Fig. 6)；
Negative electrode partition wall 6c, helps with cell body side channel in this partition wall is the two ends ledge being respectively arranged on electrit solution cell body
Two partition walls that inwall is affixed, are provided with end passage bottom partition wall and between the going to the bottom of electrit solution cell body；Negative electrode partition wall and electrit solution groove
Body termination ledge inwall shape wing passage；
Negative busbar 7, this negative busbar is entered electricity by negative electrode partition wall with electrit solution cell body termination ledge inwall shape wing passage
Solve cell body.
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention, its negative electrode partition wall 6c, by cell body direction from inside to outside, depends on
Secondary being made up of with fire-resistant-insulation material 9 carbon block 8, its carbon block bottom is built aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles 10, sees Fig. 6.
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention, it is provided with the groove of electrit solution cell body of two ends of negative electrode partition wall
Side is ledge that outside, section are " L ".
During use, the aluminum liquid of bottom of electrolytic tank is used to carry out aluminium electroloysis as negative electrode；The aluminum liquid of its bottom of electrolytic tank is with cloudy
Pole bus contact forms the negative electrode of aluminium electroloysis.
Being provided with inside the two ends of electrit solution groove and be connected with partition wall with cell sidewall, partition wall end stretch enters aluminum liquid and electricity
Solving bottom land and form the two ends inwall shape aluminum liquid wing passage of aluminum liquid lower passage, partition wall and electrit solution groove, negative busbar is at aluminum liquid
Wing passage contacts with aluminum liquid；Its partition wall carbon block bottom block has the effect of aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles to be to block side wall carbon block and fine aluminium the moon
Horizontal current between pole, increases the quiet performance of aluminum liquid, improves current efficiency.
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention, the cathode steel bar pressure drop existed for traditional electrolyte groove is high, steel
It is easily formed on solid electrolyte insulating barrier, cathode carbon pieces between rod and carbon block and is easily formed precipitation of alumina and cellular micro-electricity
Pond, the aluminium oxide of generation, aluminium carbide, increase electrolytic aluminium power consumption, reduce the deficiencies such as Aluminum Electrolysis Efficiency, with fine aluminium aluminum propulsive cathode
Replace the negative electrode of rod iron-carbon block group composition；With the benefit of fine aluminium aluminum propulsive cathode replacement rod iron-carbon block negative electrode it is: reduce the new groove phase
Between hearth and bottom more than 95%.As a example by certain type electrolysis bath, reduce aluminum-carbon contact drop 24mv (20-28mv), furnace bottom rod iron
Calculating as a example by pressure drop 186mv, carbon block pressure drop 102mv, carbon-steel contact drop 69mv, ton aluminum reduces power consumption 1234kw h；Eliminate
Carbon-steel interface forms solid electrolyte insulating barrier, makes the electrolysis bath in whole lifetime, and hearth and bottom maintains extremely low all the time
Level, greatly reduce aluminium electroloysis power consumption.
The aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode of the present invention, can send out and replace rod iron-carbon block group negative electrode with fine aluminium negative electrode, eliminates
The precipitation of alumina on cathode carbon pieces that conventional aluminum electrolysis bath exists and cellular micro cell defect, in electrolysis production process
In, there is not aluminium oxide, aluminium carbide problem that electrolytic aluminium liquid is polluted that bearth precipitation generates.
Negative electrode power outlet mother wire is placed in the two ends inwall shape aluminum liquid wing passage of partition wall and electrit solution groove, bus duct with under
Combined as a whole by communication passage between layer aluminum liquid.Aluminum liquid in bus duct and communication passage is solid-state, when the heat of electrolysis bath is put down
When weighing apparatus changes, the aluminum liquid in communication passage 11 converts between solid-state, semisolid, liquid, and now, fine aluminium negative electrode is by overflowing
Stream and feeding guarantee between fine aluminium negative electrode → communication passage → negative electrode power outlet mother wire 7 go out electricity loop unimpeded, it is ensured that be electrolysed
Journey is carried out continuously.
Compared with conventional aluminum electrolysis bath, replace traditional carbon block-rod iron composite cathode with aluminum liquid, eliminate aluminum-carbon contact
Pressure drop, carbon block resistance drop, carbon-steel contact drop, rod iron resistance drop, as a example by certain type conventional aluminum electrolysis bath, reduce furnace bottom
Pressure drop 381mv, is equivalent to reduce ton aluminum power consumption 1234kw h, is equivalent to aluminium electroloysis industry and reduces power consumption 38,400,000,000 degree the whole year；Disappear
Except the solid electrolyte insulating barrier formed because of electrolyte permeability, making electrolysis bath in whole lifetime, hearth and bottom is tieed up all the time
Hold in extremely low level, greatly reduce aluminium electroloysis power consumption；Eliminate the aluminium oxide because bearth precipitation causes, aluminium carbide to electrolysis
The pollution of aluminum liquid, reduces electrolytic aluminium power consumption, improves Aluminum Electrolysis Efficiency, have the highest economic worth and social benefit.
Claims (3)
1. using aluminum as the aluminium cell of negative electrode, its structure includes: prebaked anode, blanking device, powder purification apparatus；Its feature
It is that the structure of its cathod system includes:
Cell body, this cell body is the spill cell body being made up of fire-resistant-insulation material；It is provided with in cell body top edge
Ledge；
Negative electrode partition wall, consolidates with cell body side channel side inwall in this partition wall is the two ends ledge being respectively arranged on electrit solution cell body
Two partition walls connect, are provided with end passage bottom partition wall and between the going to the bottom of electrit solution cell body；Negative electrode partition wall and electrit solution cell body termination
Ledge inwall shape wing passage；
Negative busbar, this negative busbar is entered electrolysis bath by negative electrode partition wall with electrit solution cell body termination ledge inwall shape wing passage
Body.
Aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that its negative electrode partition wall is by being electrolysed
Cell body direction from inside to outside, is made up of carbon block and fire-resistant-insulation material successively, and its carbon block bottom is built aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles.
Aluminium cell using aluminum as negative electrode the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with the two ends of negative electrode partition wall
The ledge of electrit solution cell body of head be outside, section be the ledge of " L ".
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610273081.1A CN105780055B (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | The aluminium cell of cathode is used as using aluminium |
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| CN201610273081.1A CN105780055B (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | The aluminium cell of cathode is used as using aluminium |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108642524A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 新疆大学 | A kind of aluminium-carbon composite cathode aluminium electrolytic cell cathode |
| CN108642525A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 新疆大学 | A kind of aluminium-carbon composite cathode aluminium cell |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108642525A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 新疆大学 | A kind of aluminium-carbon composite cathode aluminium cell |
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