CN105780055B - The aluminium cell of cathode is used as using aluminium - Google Patents
The aluminium cell of cathode is used as using aluminium Download PDFInfo
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- CN105780055B CN105780055B CN201610273081.1A CN201610273081A CN105780055B CN 105780055 B CN105780055 B CN 105780055B CN 201610273081 A CN201610273081 A CN 201610273081A CN 105780055 B CN105780055 B CN 105780055B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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Abstract
Using aluminium as the aluminium cell of cathode, it is related to the improvement that aluminium cell is produced using one alumina melt of ice crystal as electrolyte, molten-salt growth method.Its structure includes：Prebaked anode, blanking device, powder purification apparatus；It is characterized in that the structure of its cathod system includes：Cell body；Bottom passage is equipped between the bottom of the cathode partition wall being arranged in the two ends ledge of electrit solution groove body, cathode partition wall bottom and electrit solution groove body；Cathode partition wall and electrit solution groove body termination ledge inner wall shape wing passage；Negative busbar, the negative busbar enter cell body by cathode partition wall and electrit solution groove body termination ledge inner wall shape wing passage.The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of the present invention, using no cathode carbon pieces cathode is used as without molten aluminum of the rod iron without titanium boride coating, instead of rod iron carbon block group cathode, eliminate the precipitation of alumina existing for traditional aluminium cell on cathode carbon pieces and cellular micro cell defect, during electrolysis production, there is no bearth precipitation generation aluminium oxide, aluminium carbide electrolytic aluminium liquid is polluted the problem of.
Description
Technical field
Using aluminium as the aluminium cell of cathode, it is related to and produces aluminium by electrolyte, molten-salt growth method of one alumina melt of ice crystal
The improvement of electrolytic cell.
Background technology
At present, conventional electrolysis aluminium production is using one alumina melt of ice crystal as electrolyte, using carbon as anode, with liquid
Aluminium, cathode carbon pieces, the cathode systems of cathode steel bar composition are cathode, lead to DC current, and CO is separated out in anode2Gas, in cathode
Separate out liquid aluminium.According to current technology, production 1t metallic aluminiums must about consume 15000kwh electricity, in 940-960 DEG C of aluminium electroloysis
Process conditions under, the energy utilization efficiency of aluminium electroloysis is less than 36%.Traditional aluminum cell current by anode flow through electrolyte,
Molten aluminum, flows out from cathode.Anode drop, electrode resistance pressure drop (including electrolyte, molten aluminum), cathode drop height are to cause aluminium electroloysis
The low major reason of energy utilization efficiency.
In aluminium cell resistance drop, cathode drop accounts for the 20% of resistance drop, and the cathode of aluminium cell is by groove
Molten aluminum layer and carbon cathode blocks composition, cathode drop are connect by molten aluminum lamination drop, aluminium carbon contact drop, carbon block pressure drop, carbon steel in groove
The part such as drop, rod iron pressure drop is pressed to form.At the initial stage (going into operation 1 year or so) come into operation in electrolytic cell, cathode drop is with electrolysis
The extension of groove usage time, there is the trend (improve and reduce with cathode carbon pieces degree of graphitization) gradually reduced.Operation 2-3's
Electrolytic cell, cathode drop keep relative stability.After, with the extension of electrolytic cell usage time, cathode drop gradually rises
Trend.
Carbon-steel contact drop, carbon block electricity are produced between the carbon block of the carbon cathode blocks of traditional aluminium cell and conductive rod iron
Pressure drop, carbon-steel contact drop increase with groove age and first drop and rise afterwards.Contact interface voltage drop between electrolytic aluminium liquid and carbon block is by stove
The shelly-shaped state of bear building-up influences have larger fluctuation.By taking certain type aluminium cell as an example, in the case where furnace bottom is without crust, electrolytic aluminium liquid with
Between 20-28mv, carbon block voltage is reduced to 102mv for contact interface voltage drop between carbon block, the carbon during new groove-steel contact pressure
69mv is reduced to, rod iron pressure drop is 186mv.Rod iron voltage drop during new groove accounts for the 48.8% of furnace bottom voltage drop.Particularly, it is cloudy
Carbon-steel contact drop in the carbon block group of pole increases with the increase in groove age, and tracing it to its cause is due to：Electrolytic cell is using process
In, by cathode carbon pieces to bottom percolation, the electrolyte penetrated cools down groove electrolyte inside in carbon-steel contact site, is formed not
Conductive solid electrolyte layer, steeply rises carbon-steel contact drop.On traditional electrolyte groove cathode carbon pieces, oxygen is easily formed
Change aluminum precipitation, the cellular precipitation formed on traditional aluminium cell carbon block cathode, the precipitation of alumina formed on cathode carbon pieces, by
Electrolytic cell cold-hot condition is influenced and changed, and precipitation can be that paste, plate are shelly-shaped or cellular, the shelly-shaped precipitation of paste, plate
Tank voltage can be made to raise 400mv-900mv, cellular precipitation not only makes the increase of cathode hearth and bottom, moreover it is possible to is formed using aluminium as sun
Pole, the micro cell using cathode carbon pieces as cathode, aluminium oxide is generated on the anode of micro cell, aluminium carbide, charcoal are generated on cathode
The precipitation of alumina generated on block cathode, increase electrolytic aluminium power consumption, reduce Aluminum Electrolysis Efficiency, the aluminium oxide generated, carbon
Changing aluminium causes electrolytic aluminium liquid to pollute.Traditional aluminium cell schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1, and traditional cell cathode carbon block group is shown in Fig. 2, tradition
Solid insulation dielectric substrate schematic diagram between aluminum cell cathode steel bar and carbon block is shown in Fig. 3, on traditional aluminium cell charcoal cathode
The cellular precipitation schematic diagram of formation is shown in Fig. 4.
In conclusion the aluminium cell of the traditional structure of cathode is made of molten aluminum and carbon cathode blocks, cathode steel bar voltage
Drop accounts for the 49% of hearth and bottom, substantially increases the power consumption of aluminium electroloysis；During electrolytic cell use, the electrolysis that penetrates
Liquid forms nonconducting solid electrolyte layer in carbon-steel contact site, steeply rises carbon-steel contact drop, increases aluminium electroloysis
Power consumption；The precipitation of alumina formed on cathode carbon pieces, not only make cathode hearth and bottom increase, moreover it is possible to formed using aluminium as anode,
Micro cell using cathode carbon pieces as cathode, aluminium oxide, the aluminium carbide of generation, increase electrolytic aluminium power consumption, reduce aluminium electroloysis electric current effect
Rate, while cause electrolytic aluminium liquid to pollute.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at insufficient existing for above-mentioned prior art, there is provided one kind can effectively eliminate aluminium-carbon and connect
Drop, carbon block resistance drop, carbon-steel contact drop, rod iron resistance drop are pressed, reduces aluminium electroloysis power consumption, improves aluminium electroloysis electric current
The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of efficiency.
What the purpose of the present invention was achieved through the following technical solutions.
Include using aluminium as the aluminium cell of cathode, its structure：Prebaked anode, blanking device, powder purification apparatus；It is special
Sign is that the structure of its cathod system includes：
Cell body, the cell body are the spill groove body being made of fire resisting-thermal insulation material；In cell body top edge
Equipped with ledge；
Cathode partition wall, the partition wall be respectively be arranged in the two ends ledge of electrit solution groove body, with cell body side channel side
Bottom passage is equipped between the bottom of two affixed partition walls of wall, partition wall bottom and electrit solution groove body；Cathode partition wall and electrit solution groove body
Termination ledge inner wall shape wing passage；
Negative busbar, which is entered by cathode partition wall and electrit solution groove body termination ledge inner wall shape wing passage is electrolysed
Groove body.
The present invention the aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode, it is characterised in that its cathode partition wall by cell body from inside to outside
Direction, is made of carbon block and fire resisting-thermal insulation material successively, its carbon block lower part, which is built, aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles.
The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of the present invention, it is characterised in that the electrit solution of the two ends equipped with cathode partition wall
The ledge of groove body is the ledge outside, section is " L ".
The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of the present invention, is the patent of " a kind of aluminum electrolysis method using aluminium as cathode "
The special electrolytic tank of application.During aluminum electrolysis, aluminium cell can use conventional anodes system, blanking system, dust purification system
System, due to using no cathode carbon pieces-without rod iron-molten aluminum without titanium boride coating as cathode, instead of rod iron-carbon block group cathode, disappearing
Except the precipitation of alumina existing for traditional aluminium cell on cathode carbon pieces and cellular micro cell defect, in electrolysis production process
In, there is no bearth precipitation generation aluminium oxide, aluminium carbide electrolytic aluminium liquid is polluted the problem of.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional aluminium cell schematic diagram of prior art, and in its figure, 1 is traditional electrolyte groove.
Fig. 2 is traditional cell cathode carbon block group schematic diagram of prior art, and in its figure, 2 be carbon cathode blocks.
Fig. 3 is that the solid insulation dielectric substrate between traditional aluminum cell cathode steel bar of prior art and carbon block is illustrated
Figure；In its figure, solid insulation dielectric substrates of the 2g between rod iron and carbon block.
Fig. 4 is the cellular precipitation schematic diagram formed on traditional aluminium cell charcoal cathode of prior art；In its figure, 2h is
The cellular micro cell formed on cathode carbon pieces.
Fig. 5 is the structure diagram using aluminium as the aluminium cell of cathode of the present invention；In its figure, 3 be anode, under 4 are
Expect device, 5 be powder purification apparatus, and 6 be fine aluminium cathod system, and 6a is cell body, and 6c is cathode partition wall, and 7 be negative busbar,
11 be communication passage.
Fig. 6 is the cathode construction A-A planing surface schematic diagrames using aluminium as the aluminium cell of cathode of the present invention；In its figure, 6b
Helped for artificial stove, 7 be negative busbar, and 8 be carbon block, and 9 be sidepiece fire resisting-insulating layer, and 10 be aluminium oxide ceramics brick, and 11 lead to for unicom
Road.
Embodiment
Include using aluminium as the aluminium cell of cathode, its structure：Prebaked anode 3, blanking device 4, powder purification apparatus 5
(see Fig. 5)；The structure of its cathod system 6 includes (see Fig. 5, Fig. 6)：
Cell body 6a (see Fig. 5), the cell body are the spill groove body being made of fire resisting-thermal insulation material；In electrolytic cell
Body top edge is equipped with ledge 6b (see Fig. 6)；
Cathode partition wall 6c, the partition wall are respectively to be arranged in the two ends ledge of electrit solution groove body, helped with cell body side channel
Bottom passage is equipped between the bottom of two affixed partition walls of inner wall, partition wall bottom and electrit solution groove body；Cathode partition wall and electrit solution groove
Body end head ledge inner wall shape wing passage；
Negative busbar 7, the negative busbar enter electricity by cathode partition wall and electrit solution groove body termination ledge inner wall shape wing passage
Solve groove body.
The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of the present invention, its cathode partition wall 6c by cell body direction from inside to outside, according to
Secondary to be made of carbon block 8 and fire resisting-thermal insulation material 9, its carbon block lower part, which is built, aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles 10, sees Fig. 6.
The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of the present invention, it is equipped with the groove of the electrit solution groove body of the two ends of cathode partition wall
Help as ledge that outside, section is " L ".
In use, aluminium electroloysis is carried out as cathode using the molten aluminum of bottom of electrolytic tank；The molten aluminum of its bottom of electrolytic tank and the moon
Pole busbar contacts the cathode to form aluminium electroloysis.
It is equipped with the inside of the two ends of electrit solution groove and is connected with partition wall with cell sidewall, partition wall end stretch enters molten aluminum and electricity
Solve slot bottom and form molten aluminum lower passage, the two ends inner wall shape molten aluminum wing passage of partition wall and electrit solution groove, negative busbar is in molten aluminum
Contacted in wing passage with molten aluminum；It is to block side wall carbon block cloudy with fine aluminium that its partition wall carbon block lower part block, which plays the role of aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles,
Horizontal current between pole, increases the quiet performance of molten aluminum, improves current efficiency.
The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of the present invention, for cathode steel bar pressure drop height, steel existing for traditional electrolyte groove
Solid electrolyte insulating layer is easily formed between rod and carbon block, is easily formed precipitation of alumina and cellular micro- electricity on cathode carbon pieces
Pond, aluminium oxide, the aluminium carbide of generation, increase electrolytic aluminium power consumption, reduce the deficiencies of Aluminum Electrolysis Efficiency, with fine aluminium molten aluminum cathode
Instead of the cathode of rod iron-carbon block group composition；It is instead of the benefit of rod iron-carbon block cathode with fine aluminium molten aluminum cathode：Reduce the new groove phase
Between hearth and bottom more than 95%.By taking certain type electrolytic cell as an example, aluminium-carbon contact drop 24mv (20-28mv), furnace bottom rod iron are reduced
Calculated exemplified by pressure drop 186mv, carbon block pressure drop 102mv, carbon-steel contact drop 69mv, ton aluminium reduces power consumption 1234kwh；Eliminate
Carbon-steel interface forms solid electrolyte insulating layer, and to make electrolytic cell hearth and bottom maintains extremely low all the time in whole lifetime
Level, greatly reduce aluminium electroloysis power consumption.
The aluminium cell using aluminium as cathode of the present invention, can send out and replace rod iron-carbon block group cathode with fine aluminium cathode, eliminate
Precipitation of alumina and cellular micro cell defect existing for traditional aluminium cell on cathode carbon pieces, in electrolysis production process
In, there is no bearth precipitation generation aluminium oxide, aluminium carbide electrolytic aluminium liquid is polluted the problem of.
Cathode power outlet mother wire is placed in partition wall and in the two ends inner wall shape molten aluminum wing passage of electrit solution groove, bus duct is with
Combined as a whole between layer molten aluminum by communication passage.Molten aluminum in bus duct and communication passage is solid-state, when the heat of electrolytic cell is put down
When weighing apparatus changes, the molten aluminum in communication passage 11 converts between solid-state, semisolid, liquid, and at this time, fine aluminium cathode is by overflowing
Stream and feeding ensure that electrical circuit is unimpeded, and guarantee was electrolysed from going out between fine aluminium cathode → communication passage → cathode power outlet mother wire 7
Journey is carried out continuously.
Compared with traditional aluminium cell, traditional carbon block-rod iron composite cathode is replaced with molten aluminum, eliminates aluminium-carbon contact
Pressure drop, carbon block resistance drop, carbon-steel contact drop, rod iron resistance drop, by taking certain type tradition aluminium cell as an example, reduce furnace bottom
Pressure drop 381mv, equivalent to ton aluminium power consumption 1234kwh is reduced, equivalent to annual 38400000000 degree of the power consumption of reduction of aluminium electroloysis industry；Disappear
Except the solid electrolyte insulating layer formed by electrolyte permeability, making electrolytic cell, hearth and bottom is tieed up all the time in whole lifetime
Hold in extremely low level, greatly reduce aluminium electroloysis power consumption；The aluminium oxide caused by bearth precipitation, aluminium carbide are eliminated to electrolysis
The pollution of molten aluminum, reduces electrolytic aluminium power consumption, improves Aluminum Electrolysis Efficiency, have very high economic value and social benefit.
Claims (3)
1. include using aluminium as the aluminium cell of cathode, its structure：Prebaked anode, blanking device, powder purification apparatus；Its feature
Being the structure of its cathod system includes：
Cell body, the cell body are the spill groove body being made of fire resisting-thermal insulation material；It is equipped with cell body top edge
Ledge；
Cathode partition wall, the partition wall are respectively to be arranged in the two ends ledge of cell body, help inner wall affixed with cell body side channel
Two partition walls, be equipped with bottom passage between the bottom of partition wall bottom and cell body；In cathode partition wall and cell body termination ledge
Wall forms wing passage；
Negative busbar, the negative busbar form wing passage by cathode partition wall and cell body termination ledge inner wall and enter electrolytic cell
Body.
2. the aluminium cell according to claim 1 using aluminium as cathode, it is characterised in that its cathode partition wall is by being electrolysed
Groove body direction from inside to outside, is made of carbon block and fire resisting-thermal insulation material successively, its carbon block lower part, which is built, aluminium oxide Ceramic Tiles.
3. the aluminium cell according to claim 1 using aluminium as cathode, it is characterised in that the both ends equipped with cathode partition wall
The ledge of the cell body of head is the ledge outside, section is " L ".
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610273081.1A CN105780055B (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | The aluminium cell of cathode is used as using aluminium |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610273081.1A CN105780055B (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | The aluminium cell of cathode is used as using aluminium |
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| CN105780055B true CN105780055B (en) | 2018-04-20 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108642524A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 新疆大学 | A kind of aluminium-carbon composite cathode aluminium electrolytic cell cathode |
| CN108642525A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 新疆大学 | A kind of aluminium-carbon composite cathode aluminium cell |
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| CN205616961U (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-10-05 | 新疆大学 | Pure aluminium cathode low energy consumption aluminium cell |
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2016
- 2016-04-27 CN CN201610273081.1A patent/CN105780055B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4405433A (en) * | 1981-04-06 | 1983-09-20 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Aluminum reduction cell electrode |
| US4929328A (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-05-29 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Titanium diboride ceramic fiber composites for Hall-Heroult cells |
| RU2032772C1 (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1995-04-10 | Альберт Иванович Бегунов | Method of aluminium production |
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