CN102912376B - A kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102912376B CN102912376B CN201210381571.5A CN201210381571A CN102912376B CN 102912376 B CN102912376 B CN 102912376B CN 201210381571 A CN201210381571 A CN 201210381571A CN 102912376 B CN102912376 B CN 102912376B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- lead
- motherboard
- zinc
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof, and described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate is made up by welding of positive plate face and anode beams, and the surface in described positive plate face is rough surface structure.The present invention carries out reroll operation owing to have employed the 2nd ST milling train antianode plate face; positive plate face is made to form the structure with uneven surface; the chloride plate produced; the treatment process of producer in use without the need to carrying out other to chloride plate can directly use; improve the work-ing life of chloride plate, and greatly shorten the time that chloride plate forms stabilized protection course in electrolytic process, separate out zinc metal sheet lead tolerance and obviously reduce; improve zinc ingot metal quality, reduce power mono-consumption simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to zinc field of hydrometallurgy, particularly relate to a kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Anode is the indispensable part of electrolytic process in zinc hydrometallurgy, from 2004, Chinese zinc ingot metal output increased fast with the speed of annual 12%, reached 6,000,000 tons to zinc ingot metal production capacity in 2011, calculate by ton zinc anode unit consumption 0.15, domesticly need new anode plate about 900,000 every year.
The lead anode that process in zinc electrolyzing uses is made up of positive plate, current conducting rod and insulation covering.In patent document (application number 201010547927.9), disclose the pretreatment process of a kind of electrowinning zinc lead or lead alloy inert anode, it comprises step: pretreatment fluid forms: by fluorochemical, sulfuric acid, MnSO
4with distilled water composition, pretreatment fluid temperature is 20 ~ 80 DEG C; Pretreatment tank is formed: anode is anode to be pre-treated, and anode is plumbous or lead alloy, and cathode and anode spacing is 3 ~ 6cm, and pretreatment fluid internal circulating load is 0.05 ~ 0.5V
groove/ h, pretreatment technology: anodic current density is 200 ~ 800A/m
2, pretreatment time is 8 ~ 24h.In patent document (application number is 200620006072.8), disclose a kind of zinc by wet method corrosion-resistant negative plate and positive plate, it specifically discloses and scribbles preservative coat on the plate neck surface of positive plate, also scribbles preservative coat on plate-girder surface.A kind of Zinc electrolysis direct current coating technology for new anode plate is disclosed in patent document (200610048545.5), negative plate and positive plate to be coated specifically interlock and are evenly distributed by it, draw the lower positive pole positive bar be connected on plated film groove by conductor from the positive plate electrolyzer to arrange, draw on the negative plate bus bar that lower negative pole is connected on plated film groove from the negative plate electrolyzer with conductor, plated film production is carried out to the positive plate in plated film groove.But in above-mentioned prior art, positive plate material is generally plumbous silver (silver content 0.2 ~ 1%) alloy sheets, has calendering and casting two kinds of sheet materials.Calendering positive plate intensity is large; but because plate face is smooth; can not well stick on positive plate face at electrolytic process Anodic mud; majority comes off in the form of sheets; fresh plumbous surface is exposed in the electrolytic solution; positive plate face is not well protected, and shortens the life-span of positive plate, also causes separating out the leaded height of zinc metal sheet simultaneously.
Therefore, prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof, be intended to solve the existing Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate life-span short, separate out the problems such as zinc metal sheet lead tolerance is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate is made up by welding of positive plate face and anode beams, and the surface in described positive plate face is rough surface structure.
Described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, the surface in described positive plate face is thread-shaped, bar ditch shape or zigzag surface tissue.
Described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, described zigzag surface tissue is of a size of: tooth depth is 0 ~ 4mm, and adjacent teeth width between centers is 0 ~ 20mm.
Described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, described bar ditch shape is circular bar ditch shape or grid-shaped bar ditch shape.
Make a method for described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, comprise step:
A, lead pig is put into lead smelting furnace, lead pig is molten into metallic lead liquation, and joins in lead smelting furnace by the silver metal liquation melted, mix and be mixed with mother alloy liquation, mother alloy liquation is drained to motherboard and waters in mold, is cast into anode motherboard;
B, described anode motherboard is cooled to room temperature, and utilizes a ST milling train to carry out several times rolling to described anode motherboard at ambient temperature;
C, surface irregularity process is carried out to the anode motherboard after rolling, make the surface of anode motherboard form coarse structure;
D, the anode motherboard after surface irregularity process is carried out cutting, and punching operation is carried out to the anode motherboard after cutting make positive plate face;
E, Tongliang County is cleaned, after dry and tining process, Tongliang County is put into and waters mold, casting is carried out to Tongliang County and makes anode beams, then under the effect of gas welding, welding is carried out to described anode beams and positive plate face and makes Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate.
The making method of described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, utilizes the 2nd ST milling train antianode motherboard to carry out surface irregularity process in described step c, the Kun Kun cylinder surface of rolling of described 2nd ST milling train is rough surface structure.
The making method of described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, described in roll that Kun Kun copper surface is thread-shaped, bar ditch shape or zigzag surface tissue.
The making method of described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, described zigzag surface tissue is of a size of: tooth depth is 0 ~ 4mm, and adjacent teeth width between centers is 0 ~ 20mm.
The making method of described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, described bar ditch shape is circular bar ditch shape or grid-shaped bar ditch shape.
The making method of described Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, wherein, the input weight ratio of described lead pig and silver metal liquation is: 199:0.5 ~ 3.
Beneficial effect: the present invention carries out reroll operation owing to have employed the 2nd ST milling train antianode plate face; positive plate face is made to form the structure with uneven surface; the Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate produced; the treatment process of producer in use without the need to carrying out other to chloride plate can directly use; improve the work-ing life of chloride plate; and the time that chloride plate forms stabilized protection course in electrolytic process shortens greatly; separate out zinc metal sheet lead tolerance obviously to reduce; improve zinc ingot metal quality, reduce power mono-consumption simultaneously.
Fig. 1 is the schema of the making method preferred embodiment of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the surface tissue schematic diagram of positive plate face first embodiment in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the surface tissue schematic diagram of positive plate face second embodiment in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the surface tissue schematic diagram of positive plate face the 3rd embodiment in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the surface tissue schematic diagram of positive plate face the 4th embodiment in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the surface tissue schematic diagram of positive plate face the 5th embodiment in the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof, for making object of the present invention, technical scheme and effect clearly, clearly, the present invention is described in more detail below.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate provided by the invention is made up by welding of positive plate face and anode beams, and the surface in described positive plate face is rough surface structure.The surface in described positive plate face is thread-shaped, bar ditch shape or zigzag surface tissue.Further, described zigzag surface tissue is of a size of: tooth depth is 0 ~ 4mm, and adjacent teeth width between centers is 0 ~ 20mm.Described bar ditch shape is circular bar ditch shape or grid-shaped bar ditch shape.
Can be specifically surface tissue as shown in Figures 2 to 6, the i.e. pattern structure of vertical direction, horizontal direction or vergence direction, or the pattern structure that spaced vergence direction is different, or pattern structure anyhow arranged in a crossed manner.
The Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate how making said structure is introduced in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the schema of the preferred embodiment of the making method of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, it comprises step:
S101, lead pig is put into lead smelting furnace, lead pig is molten into metallic lead liquation, and joins in lead smelting furnace by the silver metal liquation melted, mix and be mixed with mother alloy liquation, mother alloy liquation is drained to motherboard and waters in mold, is cast into anode motherboard;
S102, described anode motherboard is cooled to room temperature, and carries out several times rolling at ambient temperature;
S103, ASEP process (surface irregularity process) is carried out to the positive plate face of the anode motherboard after rolling, make positive plate plate face form coarse structure;
S104, the anode motherboard of ASEP process is carried out cutting, and punching operation is carried out to the anode motherboard after cutting;
S105, antianode beam carry out cleaning, after dry and tining process, anode beams is put into and waters mold, cast, after having cast with the plumbous liquid antianode beam of fusing, under the effect of gas welding, antianode beam and anode motherboard carry out welding and make Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate.
In step S101, first make anode motherboard, the making method of anode motherboard first puts in lead smelting furnace by lead pig, and herein, the amount of lead pig is computed in advance according to the size of positive plate; Then under the effect of electric energy, heat lead smelting furnace, lead pig is wherein molten into metallic lead liquation, and put in this lead smelting furnace by the silver metal liquation melted, the input weight ratio of lead pig wherein and silver metal liquation is: 199:0.5 ~ 3; Then metallic lead liquation is mixed with argent liquation, form satisfactory mother alloy liquation; Again mother alloy liquation being drained to previously prepd motherboard through chute waters in mold, pulls the oxidation sludge that mother alloy molten surface is formed out, to be cast into the anode motherboard meeting rolling requirements.
In step s 102, the anode motherboard of having cast is cooled to room temperature, then with driving, anode motherboard is transported to a common ST milling train (i.e. ST milling train, ST is milling train model, can buy on the market) service platform, starting antianode motherboard at normal temperatures and be rolled operation, through 3 to 4 rollings repeatedly, is meet next process to make the positive plate face required by the rolling of anode motherboard.The ST milling train adopted in the present invention can be existing ST380 type milling train on market, and its milling train spindle-type number is FC3042120, totally 8; Pressure bearing designation is 7215, totally 2; Down screw rod material is outward 40CR, and modified is HB250-280T80-6; Pressure motor 3KW-6, totally 1; The processing power in ST380 type mill milling positive plate face is 100 slices/day, and roll thickness at every turn and be no more than 2mm, in operational process, the thickness of each bearing is no more than 70 DEG C.
In step s 103, the service platform of special ST milling train (i.e. the 2nd ST milling train) can be transported to through Kun cylinder travelling belt through the positive plate face that a common ST mill milling is formed, through the reroll operation of special ST milling train, antianode plate face is carried out ASEP treatment process and is processed.The processing parameter of the 2nd ST milling train in the present invention is: milling train spindle-type number is FC3042120, totally 8; Pressure bearing designation is 7215, totally 2; Down screw rod material is outward 40CR, and modified is HB250-280T80-6; Pressure motor 3KW-6, totally 1; The processing power in ST380 type mill milling positive plate face is 100 slices/day, and roll thickness at every turn and be no more than 2mm, in operational process, the thickness of each bearing is no more than 70 DEG C.The 2nd described ST milling train and the difference of a ST milling train are: what adopt distinctive appearance rolls Kun, the Kun Kun cylinder surface of rolling of the 2nd ST milling train is rough surface structure, concrete example is as the surface tissue of thread-shaped, bar ditch shape, the large Small Distance etc. of thread size wherein and bar ditch shape can adjust according to actual needs, and bar ditch shape wherein can be divided into circular bar ditch or grid-shaped bar ditch, the size of bar ditch can: tooth depth 0 ~ 4mm or 1 ~ 4mm, tooth and tooth width between centers are 0 ~ 20mm, or 1 ~ 20mm.
Should be noted that, the Kun Kun that rolls in the present invention can be multiple pattern with surperficial rough surface structure, be not limited to above-mentioned thread-shaped or bar ditch shape, can also be such as zig-zag, circle spot shape, can also be even other irregular shapes, as long as can realize making described positive plate face form irregular surface tissue.
In step S104, positive plate face apparent size after twice rolling can't meet the requirement that anode makes completely, so also need the relative dimensions requirement according to positive plate face, crop unnecessary part, then also punching operation to be carried out to the positive plate face cut, particular by Kun cylinder travelling belt, the positive plate face cut is transported to the service platform of four post Universal hydraulic puncturing machine, punching operation is carried out in the antianode plate face that needs according to producing, after punching operation, a complete positive plate face completes.Wherein, the machine that cutting process uses can be sheet shears, such as, on the market sheet shears of existing Q11-6 × 2500 model; Four post Universal hydraulic puncturing machine then can adopt model to be the four-column hydraulic press of YT32-315A.
In step S105, also need to make anode beams, anode beams is before casting cycle, starting material Tongliang County of antianode beam is needed to clean, Tongliang County is cleaned up, and tining operation can be carried out to Tongliang County after its drying, then being put into the Tongliang County after tining waters in mold, cast with the plumbous liquid of fusing, after Tongliang County has cast, to the overlap on the surface of Tongliang County, burr processes, also the conductive head of Tongliang County is polished simultaneously, be made as qualified anode beams, last under the effect of gas welding, plate-girder welding operation is carried out by burning bar of lead antianode plate face and anode beams, complete the making of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate.
Present invention employs cold rolling and zinc abstraction lead anode and make the method combined, obtain a kind of calendering positive plate face treatment process completely newly, improve zinc electrolysis anode manufacturing technology, and after ASEP art breading, improve the performance of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate:
The first, owing to have passed through special ST milling train reroll operation; the i.e. ASEP treatment process in positive plate face; the Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate produced; producer carries out other treatment process process in use without the need to antianode plate again; can directly use; and the time that positive plate forms stabilized protection course in electrolytic process shortens greatly, only just can be formed with about 1 week.
The second, after ASEP art breading, effectively anode life can be extended.Owing to adopting ASEP art breading, effectively can solve the problem that positive plate surface anode mud comes off, strengthen the protection of anode sludge antianode plate in electrolytic process, extend the Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate life-span, the life-span comparatively common anode compare and can extend more than 1 year.
Three, Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate of the present invention is used can to improve zinc ingot metal quality.The anode sludge of separating out due to the positive plate face in the present invention is fine and close; antianode plate defines available protecting; decrease the dissolving of Pb on positive plate; effectively reduce the Pb content of separating out in zinc; use the precipitation zinc of electrolyzer output of the present invention comparatively to use the electrolyzer of common anode plate to compare containing Pb, separate out zinc and can reduce by 0.0005% containing Pb.
Four, Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate of the present invention is used can to reduce the power mono-consumption of electrolytic process.Due to positive plate of the present invention in use comparatively common anode compare, current potential can reduce by 10 ~ 20mv, can be declined 8 ~ 16kw.h, thus effectively reduce power mono-consumption by conversion ton zinc direct current consumption.
Should be understood that, application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned citing, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. make a method for Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate, it is characterized in that, comprise step:
A, lead pig is put into lead smelting furnace, lead pig is molten into metallic lead liquation, and joins in lead smelting furnace by the silver metal liquation melted, mix and be mixed with mother alloy liquation, mother alloy liquation is drained to motherboard and waters in mold, is cast into anode motherboard;
B, described anode motherboard is cooled to room temperature, and utilizes a ST milling train to carry out several times rolling to described anode motherboard at ambient temperature;
C, surface irregularity process is carried out to the anode motherboard after rolling, make the surface of anode motherboard form coarse structure;
D, the anode motherboard after surface irregularity process is carried out cutting, and punching operation is carried out to the anode motherboard after cutting make positive plate face;
E, Tongliang County is cleaned, after dry and tining process, Tongliang County is put into and waters mold, casting is carried out to Tongliang County and makes anode beams, then under the effect of gas welding, welding is carried out to described anode beams and positive plate face and makes Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate;
Utilize the 2nd ST milling train antianode motherboard to carry out surface irregularity process in described step c, the Kun Kun cylinder surface of rolling of described 2nd ST milling train is rough surface structure;
Described Kun Kun copper surface of rolling is for thread-shaped, bar ditch shape or zigzag surface tissue;
Each rolling thickness is no more than 2mm, and in operational process, the thickness of each bearing is no more than 70 DEG C.
2. the making method of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described zigzag surface tissue is of a size of: tooth depth is 0 ~ 4mm, and adjacent teeth width between centers is 0 ~ 20mm.
3. the making method of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bar ditch shape is circular bar ditch shape or grid-shaped bar ditch shape.
4. the making method of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the input weight ratio of described lead pig and silver metal liquation is: 199:0.5 ~ 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210381571.5A CN102912376B (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2012-10-10 | A kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210381571.5A CN102912376B (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2012-10-10 | A kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102912376A CN102912376A (en) | 2013-02-06 |
| CN102912376B true CN102912376B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
Family
ID=47610943
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210381571.5A Active CN102912376B (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2012-10-10 | A kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102912376B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104805472B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2017-08-25 | 泉州师范学院 | One kind is exempted to weld easily-disassembled electrowinning zinc composite anode structure and its manufacture craft |
| CN105543892B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-12-29 | 沈阳弘圣鑫电解技术研发有限公司 | A kind of zinc electrolysis lead silver alloy anode plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109338415A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-02-15 | 永兴县鸿福金属有限公司 | A kind of electrolytic lead anode plate producing device |
| CN110644019A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-01-03 | 昆明冶金研究院 | Anode plate for high-electric-efficiency zinc electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
| CN113913870A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-11 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | Anode plate for low-deformation high-electric-efficiency zinc electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101126166A (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-02-20 | 云南冶金集团总公司 | Method for preparing lead-aluminum composite anode plate |
| CN102626776A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-08-08 | 昆明理工恒达科技有限公司 | Preparing method of aluminum-based lead and lead alloy composite anode |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10340488B4 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-05-10 | Technische Universität Dresden | Extracorporeal organ storage |
| CL2010000452A1 (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2010-07-19 | Rafart Mouthon Horacio | Anode arming method that increases the corrosion resistance comprising coating the copper busbar with pb / ag alloy, coating the hot rod with pb / sb alloy, filling the bar groove with liquid pb / bi alloy and introducing lead plate and, when solidifying said alloy, reinforce the joint area. |
-
2012
- 2012-10-10 CN CN201210381571.5A patent/CN102912376B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101126166A (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-02-20 | 云南冶金集团总公司 | Method for preparing lead-aluminum composite anode plate |
| CN102626776A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-08-08 | 昆明理工恒达科技有限公司 | Preparing method of aluminum-based lead and lead alloy composite anode |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102912376A (en) | 2013-02-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102912376B (en) | A kind of Zinc electrolytic lead anode plate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101126166A (en) | Method for preparing lead-aluminum composite anode plate | |
| CA2989275C (en) | Composite anode unit, anode plate and methods for preparing the same | |
| WO2013143247A1 (en) | Aluminum-based lead or lead alloy composite anode and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN102212849A (en) | Method for preparing novel anode plate for electrodeposition of non-ferrous metal | |
| CN102534661B (en) | Method for refining crude lead | |
| CN104611609B (en) | A kind of non-ferrous metal electrodeposition preparation method of the low polynary anode material of argentalium alloy | |
| CN106544703A (en) | Perforation Copper Foil foil machine and its production technology | |
| CN207672137U (en) | Anode steel claw strainer | |
| CN106906495B (en) | Pb-ag alloy composite anode plate of aluminium base and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102206838B (en) | Method for preparing novel anode material for non-ferrous metal electrodeposition | |
| CN1772963A (en) | Common-battery deposition producing method for Mg La Pr Ce intermediate alloy | |
| CN102433581B (en) | Method for preparing novel anode material for electro-deposition of nonferrous metals | |
| CN207276744U (en) | Composite anode materials and positive plate | |
| CN108163873B (en) | A method of extracting lithium hydroxide from phosphoric acid lithium waste residue | |
| CN106435263B (en) | A kind of production method of the Pb-Ag-La alloy anode plates of energy-saving corrosion-resisting erosion | |
| CN1932083A (en) | Silver electrolyzing process | |
| CN106676578A (en) | Novel efficient combined additive for zinc electrodeposition | |
| CN103060842A (en) | Method for preparing electrodeposited cobalt under large flow | |
| CN206502876U (en) | A kind of hydrometallurgy grid type lead-based alloy anode | |
| CN106591624B (en) | A method of it improving metal and rolls anode comprehensive performance | |
| FI74306C (en) | Method and apparatus for producing a metal, especially lead, by electrolysis and thus obtained intermediate. | |
| WO2013143245A1 (en) | Aluminum-based lead or lead alloy composite material and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN201354386Y (en) | Aluminum electrolysis bath energy-saving cathode block structure | |
| JPH0445597B2 (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |