CN101775012A - 天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂及其用途 - Google Patents
天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775012A CN101775012A CN201010126183A CN201010126183A CN101775012A CN 101775012 A CN101775012 A CN 101775012A CN 201010126183 A CN201010126183 A CN 201010126183A CN 201010126183 A CN201010126183 A CN 201010126183A CN 101775012 A CN101775012 A CN 101775012A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供式(I)化合物,其中R1是R6C(O)-、HC(O)-、R6SO2-、R6OC(O)-、(R6)2NC(O)-、(R6)(H)NC(O)-、R6C(O)C(O)-、R6-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)-、R6(H)NC(O)C(O)-或R6OC(O)C(O)-;R2是氢、CF3、-卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;R4是-COOH或-COOR8;R5是-CH2F或-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基。本发明也提供药物组合物和使用这类组合物治疗天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-介导疾病的方法,和制备本发明化合物的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2004年5月27日、申请号为200480018161.8(PCT/US2004/016706)、发明名称为“天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂及其用途”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于医药化学领域,涉及化合物及其药物组合物,它们抑制介导细胞程序死亡和炎症的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)。本发明也涉及制备这些化合物的方法。本发明进一步涉及使用本发明化合物和药物组合物治疗其中牵连有天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性的疾病的方法。
背景技术
细胞程序死亡或编程性细胞死亡是生物体排除所不希望的细胞的主要机理。细胞程序死亡的失调既有过度的细胞程序死亡也有不能经历之,它能涉及到许多疾病,例如癌症、急性炎性与自体免疫障碍、局部缺血性疾病和某些神经变性疾病(一般性地参见Science,1998,281,1283-1312;Ellis等人,Ann.Rev.Cell.Biol.,1991,7,663)。
天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶是半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族,它们是细胞程序死亡和细胞解装配的信号发送途径中的关键介质(Thornberry,Chem.Biol.,1998,5,R97-R103)。这些信号发送途径因细胞类型和刺激物而异,但是所有细胞程序死亡途径似乎都集中于引起关键蛋白质分解的共同效应器途径。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶参与信号发送途径的效应器期和其上游引发阶段。参与引发事件的上游天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶变为活化的,继而激活其他参与细胞程序死亡后期的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶。
天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1是第一种被鉴别的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶,也称白介素转化酶或“ICE”。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1通过在Asp-116与Ala-117之间特异性裂解前体白介素-1β(pIL-1β)而转化pIL-1β为促炎性活性形式。除了天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1以外,还有十一种其他已知的人天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶,所有它们都在天冬氨酰残基特异性地裂解。也观察到它们对裂解位点N-末端上至少四个氨基酸残基具有严格要求。
天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶根据优选或首先被识别的氨基酸序列分为三组。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶组包括天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶1、4、5和13,已经显示首选裂解位点N-末端4位的疏水性芳族氨基酸。另一组包括天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶2、3和7,识别裂解位点N-末端1和4位的天冬氨酰残基,优选为Asp-Glu-X-Asp序列。第三组包括天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶6、8、9和10,耐受很多首要识别序列中的氨基酸,但是似乎首选4位具有分支、脂族侧链的残基,例如缬氨酸和亮氨酸。
天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶也根据它们的感知功能加以分组。第一亚族由天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(ICE)、4、5和13组成。这些天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶已经显示参与促炎性细胞因子的加工,因此在炎症中具有重要作用。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1是这一类中研究最多的酶,它通过蛋白分解性裂解激活IL-1β前体。这种酶因此在炎性反应中具有关键作用。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1也参与刺激干扰素-γ产生的干扰素-γ诱导因子(IGIF,也称IL-18)的加工,干扰素-γ是调控抗原呈递、T-细胞活化和细胞粘连的关键免疫调节剂。
其余天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶构成第二和第三亚族。这些酶在引起细胞程序死亡的细胞内信号发送途径中具有核心性的重要性。一个亚族由参与引发细胞程序死亡途径中的事件的酶组成,所述事件包括来自原生质膜的信号的转导。这一亚族的成员包括天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-2、8、9和10。另一亚族由效应器天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、6和7组成,参与最终的下游裂解事件,导致细胞因细胞程序死亡而系统性分解和死亡。参与上游信号转导的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶激活下游天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶,后者然后使DNA修复机理失效,使DNA成为片段,拆卸细胞骨架,最终使细胞成为片段。
对首先被天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶识别的四种氨基酸序列的认识已经用于设计天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。已经制备了可逆的四肽抑制剂,具有CH3CO-[P4]-[P3]-[P2]-CH(R)CH2CO2H结构,其中P2至P4代表最佳氨基酸识别序列,R是能够与天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶半胱氨酸巯基结合的醛、腈或酮。Rano andThornberry,Chem.Biol.4,149-155(1997);Mjalli,等人,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.3,2689-2692(1993);Nicholson等人,Nature 376,37-43(1995)。已经制备了基于类似四肽识别序列的不可逆抑制剂,其中R是酰氧基甲基酮-COCH2OCOR’。R’例如是可选被取代的苯基,例如2,6-二氯苯甲酰氧基,其中R是COCH2X,其中X是离去基团,例如F或Cl。Thornberry等人,Biochemistry 33,3934(1994);Dolle等人,JMed.Chem.37,563-564(1994)。
使用肽类天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂已经证明了天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂治疗各种与细胞程序死亡增加有关的哺乳动物疾病状态的实用性。例如,在啮齿动物模型中,天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂已经显示在心肌梗塞后减少梗塞面积和抑制心肌细胞的细胞程序死亡,减少由中风引起的损伤体积和神经病学缺损,减少创伤性脑损伤中的创伤后细胞程序死亡和神经病学缺损,有效治疗暴发性肝破坏,提高内毒素休克后的存活率。Yaoita等人,Circulation,97,276(1998);Endres等人,J Cerebral Blood Flow andMetabolism,18,238,(1998);Cheng等人,J.Clin.Invest.,101,1992(1998);Yakovlev等人,J Neuroscience,17,7415(1997);Rodriquez等人,J.Exp.Med.,184,2067(1996);Grobmyer等人,Mol.Med.,5,585(1999)。
一般而言,上述肽类抑制剂对一些天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶是非常有力的。不过,这种效力不总是反映在细胞程序死亡的细胞模型中。另外,肽抑制剂通常是以不可取的药理性质为特征的,例如口服吸收差、稳定性差和代谢迅速。Plattner and Norbeck,in DrugDiscovery Technologies,Clark and Moos,Eds.(Ellis Horwood,Chichester,England,1990)。
认识到改进肽类天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂药理性质的需要,已经报道了拟肽抑制剂。其中,已经报道了其中P3氨基酸已被3-氨基吡啶-2-酮和5-氨基嘧啶-4-酮的衍生物代替的抑制剂(美国专利5,756,466(Bemis等人);PCT公报No.WO 95/35308(Bemis等人);Dolle等人J.Med.Chem.39,2438,(1996);Golec等人Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.7,2181,(1997);Semple et al,Biorg.Med.Chem.Lett.7,1337,(1997))。
由于肽类抑制剂的固有问题,仍然需要小分子的非肽天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,它们是有力的、稳定的,透膜提供有效的体内细胞程序死亡抑制作用。这类化合物将极其可用于治疗天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶在其中起一定作用的上述疾病。
发明内容
本发明提供式I化合物:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5是如本文所定义的。
本发明也提供包含式I化合物的药物组合物和使用这类化合物与组合物治疗天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-介导疾病的方法。本发明也提供制备式I化合物的方法。
发明的详细说明
本发明提供式I化合物:
其中:
R1是R6C(O)-、HC(O)-、R6SO2-、R6OC(O)-、(R6)2NC(O)-、(R6)(H)NC(O)-、R6C(O)C(O)-、R6-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)-、R6(H)NC(O)C(O)-或R6OC(O)C(O)-;
R2是氢、CF3、卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R4是-COOH或-COOR8;
R5是-CH2F或-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中任意的环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R8任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代。
本发明也提供式I化合物:
其中:
R1是R6C(O)-、R6SO2-、R6OC(O)-、(R6)2NC(O)-、R6C(O)C(O)-、R6-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)-或R6OC(O)C(O)-;
R2是氢、-CF3、-卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R4是-COOH或-COOR8;
R5是-CH2F或-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中任意的环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N(H)、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N(H)、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N(H)、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替。
本发明的另一种实施方式提供这样一种化合物,其中R1是R6C(O)-、R6SO2-或R6-。在优选的实施方式中,R1是R6C(O)-。在另一种优选的实施方式中,R1是R6SO2-。在另一种优选的实施方式中,R1是R6-。
本发明的另一种实施方式提供这样一种化合物,其中R1是(R6)2NC(O)-或(R6)OC(O)-。在优选的实施方式中,R1是(R6)2NC(O)-。在另一种优选的实施方式中,R1是(R6)(H)NC(O)-。在另一种优选的实施方式中,R1是(R6)OC(O)-。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,每个R6独立地是(C1-C4)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团、(C3-C10)-杂环基、(C5-C10)-杂芳基、(C6-C10)-芳基-或(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团(需要理解的是,可选至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R6任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代,或者R6是如本文任意实施方式所公开的方式被取代的)。
在另一种实施方式中,每个R6独立地是H、(C1-C4)-脂族基团-或(C6-C10)-芳基-,或者每个R6与N-原子一起是(C3-C7)-环脂族基团。
在另一种实施方式中,每个R6独立地是(C1-C4)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-或(C6-C10)-芳基-,其中该杂芳基或芳基是可选被取代的,或者其中每个R6与N-原子一起是(C3-C7)-环脂族基团。
在另一种实施方式中,每个R6独立地是(C1-C4)-脂族基团-或(C6-C10)-芳基-,其中该芳基是可选被取代的,或者其中每个R6与N-原子一起是(C3-C7)-环脂族基团。
在另一种实施方式中,每个R6独立地是(C1-C4)-脂族基团-、(C3-C7)-环脂族基团、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,其中该杂芳基和芳基是独立与可选被取代的,或者其中每个R6与N-原子一起是(C3-C7)-环脂族基团。
按照本发明的优选实施方式,R2是氢、C1-、C2-、C3-或C4-烷基-、-CF3、-Cl、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3或-CN。更优选地,R2是氢、C1-烷基、C2-烷基或CF3。更优选地,R2是氢或CF3。
按照另一种优选的实施方式,R3是乙基。
按照另一种优选的实施方式,R5是-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基。
按照另一种优选的实施方式,R5是-CH2F。
按照另一种优选的实施方式,R8是(C1-C12)-烷基。更优选地,R8是(C1-C4)-烷基。
按照优选的实施方式,每个R和J2独立地是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2或-OC(O)N(R7)2。
本文所用的碳原子指定可以具有所指示的整数和任意中间的整数。例如,(C1-C4)-烷基中的碳原子数是1、2、3或4。应当理解的是,这些指定表示适当基团中的原子总数。例如,在(C3-C10)-杂环基中,碳原子和杂原子的总数是3(氮丙啶)、4、5、6(吗啉)、7、8、9或10。
本文所用的脂族基团包括具有指明原子数的直链与支链基团。如果原子数是未指明的,脂族基团具有1至12个碳原子。正如将被理解的,烯基和/或炔基脂族基团具有最少2个碳原子。优选的脂族基团是烷基(优选地具有1至6个原子)。
因此,除非另有指明,本发明优选的脂族基团是烷基,并且具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子。更优选的烷基具有1、2、3或4个碳原子。本发明优选的烯基和炔基具有2、3、4、5或6个碳原子,更优选2、3或4个碳原子。
环烷基和环烯基具有3至10个碳原子,并且是单环或二环的,包括线性稠合的、桥连的或螺环的。环脂族基团优选地是环烷基或环烯基。更优选的环脂族基团是3-、4-、5-、6-或7-元环,它们更优选地是环烷基环。
本文所用的“芳族基团”或“芳基”表示含有至少一个芳族环的6-至10-元环系。芳族环的实例包括苯基和萘基。
本文所用的“杂芳基”表示具有5-10个成员和1、2或3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO和SO2的杂原子的环系,其中至少一个环是杂芳族的(例如吡啶基、噻吩或噻唑)。优选的杂芳基是具有1或2个杂原子的5-或6-元环。在本发明的某些实施方式中,更优选的杂芳基是含有“=N”基团的那些。
杂芳基的实例包括2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、N-咪唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、5-咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、3-异噁唑基、4-异噁唑基、5-异噁唑基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、N-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基、哒嗪基(例如3-哒嗪基)、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、四唑基(例如5-四唑基)、三唑基(例如2-三唑基和5-三唑基)、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基(例如2-吲哚基)、吡唑基(例如2-吡唑基)、异噻唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、嘌呤基、吡嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪基、喹啉基(例如2-喹啉基、3-喹啉基、4-喹啉基)和异喹啉基(例如1-异喹啉基、3-异喹啉基或4-异喹啉基)。
本文所用的“杂环”表示具有3-10个成员和1、2或3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO和SO2的杂原子的环系,其中没有环是芳族的(例如哌啶和吗啉)。优选的杂环基是具有1或2个杂原子的5-或6-元环。
杂环的实例包括3-1H-苯并咪唑-2-酮、3-(1-烷基)-苯并咪唑-2-酮、2-四氢呋喃基、3-四氢呋喃基、2-四氢噻吩基、3-四氢噻吩基、2-吗啉代基、3-吗啉代基、4-吗啉代基、2-硫吗啉代基、3-硫吗啉代基、4-硫吗啉代基、1-吡咯烷基、2-吡咯烷基、3-吡咯烷基、1-四氢哌嗪基、2-四氢哌嗪基、3-四氢哌嗪基、1-哌啶基、2-哌啶基、3-哌啶基、1-吡唑啉基、3-吡唑啉基、4-吡唑啉基、5-吡唑啉基、1-哌啶基、2-哌啶基、3-哌啶基、4-哌啶基、2-噻唑烷基、3-噻唑烷基、4-噻唑烷基、1-咪唑烷基、2-咪唑烷基、4-咪唑烷基、5-咪唑烷基、二氢吲哚基、四氢喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、苯并硫杂环戊烷、苯并二噻烷和1,3-二氢咪唑-2-酮。
任意这些环脂族基团、杂环基和杂芳基任选地与5-或6-元芳基或杂芳基环稠合。此外,每个任意脂族基团、芳基、环脂族基团、杂芳基和杂环基可以含有适当的取代基(优选至多5个,更优选至多3个,进而更优选0或1个),独立地选自例如羰基和R。优选的取代基(包括R和J2)是卤素、-OR7、-NO2、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、-OR7、-O-苄基、-O-苯基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-C(O)R7、-COOR7或-CON(R7)2,其中R7是如本文所定义的(优选地是H、(C1-C6)-烷基或(C2-C6)-烯基与-炔基,(C1-C6)-烷基是最优选的)。应当理解的是,这种定义将包括全氟化的烷基。
在其中R是氮原子上取代基的本发明实施方式中,优选的R基团选自由-R7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-C(O)N(R)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2和-P(O)(H)(OR7)组成的组,其中R7是如本文所定义的(优选地是H、(C1-C6)-烷基或(C2-C6)-烯基与-炔基,(C1-C6)-烷基是最优选的)。更优选地,这类R基团选自由-R7和-C(O)R7组成的组。
在本发明的优选化合物中,立体化学是如下所描绘的:
如本文所公开的任意实施方式可以组合提供本发明的替代实施方式。本发明的具体实施方式可以选自如表1化合物所描绘的替代方式。
本发明化合物是广泛的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,抑制细胞程序死亡的能力高于已报道的化合物(参见实施例42和43)。
按照优选的实施方式,本发明提供式Ia或Ib化合物
其中R1、R2、R3和R4是如本文任意实施方式所定义的。
按照更优选的实施方式,本发明的式I化合物提供选自下表1的式II化合物:
表1:本发明化合物
Ex. | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 |
1 | Me(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
2 | Et(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
3 | n-Pr(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
4 | c-Pr(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
5 | i-Pr(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
6 | MeOCH2(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
7 | 2-呋喃基(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
8 | 3-呋喃基(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
9 | 3-吡啶基(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
10 | 3-异噻唑(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
11 | Ph(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
12 | Bn(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
Ex. | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 |
13 | Me(C=O)- | CF3 | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
14 | EtNH(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
15 | (Et)2N(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
16 | 吡咯烷基(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
17 | MeO(C=O)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
18 | Et(SO2)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
19 | n-Pr(SO2)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
20 | i-Pr(SO2)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
21 | Ph(SO2)- | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
22 | Et(SO2)- | CF3 | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
23 | Bn(C=O) | H | i-Pr | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
24 | Et(SO2) | H | i-Pr | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
25 | Et(C=O) | H | Me | CH2F |
26 | Ph(C=O) | H | Me | CH2F |
27 | 2,6-二ClPh(C=O) | H | Me | CH2F |
28 | Bn(C=O) | H | Me | CH2F |
29 | Et(C=O) | H | Et | CH2F |
30 | Ph(C=O) | H | Et | CH2F |
31 | 2,6-二ClPh(C=O) | H | Et | CH2F |
32 | 2-吡啶基(C=O) | H | Et | CH2F |
Ex. | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 |
33 | Bn(C=O) | H | Et | CH2F |
34 | 3-MeBn(C=O) | H | Et | CH2F |
35 | Et(C=O) | H | n-Pr | CH2F |
36 | Et(C=O) | H | i-Bu | CH2F |
37 | Bn(C=O) | Me | Et | CH2F |
38 | 噻唑-2-基 | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
39 | 正丙基 | H | Et | CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基 |
按照另一种实施方式,本发明提供药物组合物,包含:
a)如本文所定义的式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;和
b)药学上可接受的载体、助剂或赋形剂。
将为本领域技术人员所显而易见的是,本发明的某些化合物可能存在互变异构形式或水合形式,所有这类化合物形式都属于本发明的范围。除非另有规定,如本文所描绘的结构也意味着包括该结构的所有立体化学形式,也就是就每个不对称中心而言的R和S构型。因此,单一的立体化学异构体以及这些化合物的对映体与非对映体混合物都属于本发明的范围。除非另有规定,如本文所描绘的结构也意味着包括仅在一个或多个同位素富集原子的存在上有区别的化合物。例如,具有这些结构、但是氢被氘或氚代替或者碳被13C-或14C-富集碳代替的化合物都属于本发明的范围。
本发明化合物一般可以借助本领域技术人员已知用于类似化合物的方法和下列制备实施例加以制备。出于阐述的目的,提供下列本发明化合物合成流程I-III。应当理解的是,流程中所描绘的任意保护基团鉴于与其他取代基的相容性酌情可以有所不同。
在本发明方法中可以使用各种保护基团(例如参见T.W.Greene&P.G.M Wutz,″Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis″,3rdEdition,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.(1999)和该书的早期版本)。必须保护的典型官能团是胺。任意胺和其他官能团都可以按照本领域已知的方法加以保护。从反应混合物中分离后或者无需分离即可使用化合物,包括胺。
流程I
流程I:(a)EDC/DMAP/HOBt/THF;(b)Dess-Martin periodinane;(c)TFA/DCM
在上述流程I中,使用下列缩写:EDC是1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺;HOBt是1-羟基苯并三唑;THF是四氢呋喃;TFA是三氟乙酸;DCM是二氯甲烷;DMAP是4-二甲氨基吡啶。使酸1与氨基醇2偶联。这里,利用EDC/DMAP/HOBt/THF进行偶联,不过也可以利用其他适合的条件。根据R4和R5的属性,可以使用氨基酮代替氨基醇,从而避免随后的氧化步骤。在其中R5是CH2F的氟甲基酮的情况下,可以按照Revesz等人,Tetrahedron Lett.1994,35,9693的方法得到氨基醇2。在其中R5是-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基的四氟苯氧基酮的情况下,可以借助类似于Semple等人,Bioorganic andMedicinal Chemistry Letters,1997,7,1337的方法(流程II)得到氨基醇2。
最后,氧化化合物3中的羟基(例如用Dess-Martin periodinane),根据R4的属性适当处理所得化合物。例如,在产物I中,如果R4是羧酸,那么3中的R4优选地是酯,在流程的最后一步中水解之。如果该酯是叔丁基酯(也就是说如果R4是CO2tBu),用三氟乙酸处理将得到酸。当I中的其他取代基与酸性条件相容时,该酯优选地是叔丁基酯。
如果产物I中的R4是酯,通过酯化对应的酸或者携带已经存在于化合物2中的所需酯基可以制备所需的酯。
流程II:(a)KF/DMF/ArOH;(b)NaBH4/THF;(c)H2/Pd/C/MeOH
在上述流程II中,使用下列缩写:KF是氟化钾;DMF是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;ArOH是2,3,5,6-四氟苯酚;THF是四氢呋喃;MeOH是甲醇。使商业上可获得的溴酮4(R4=CO2tBu)与2,3,5,6-四氟苯酚和氟化钾反应,得到苯氧基酮5。然后将该酮例如用硼氢化钠还原,得到醇6,例如用披钯碳作为催化剂氢化,得到氨基醇2(R4=CO2tBu,R5=CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)。
流程III
流程III:(a)H2Pd/C MeOH;(b)PhCH2O(CO)Cl/Na2CO3/H2O/THF;(c)(CF3SO2)2O/2,6-二甲基吡啶/DCM;(d)NaH/THF;(e)R1-Cl/Et3N/DMAP/DCM;(f)TFA/DCM
在流程III中,使用下列缩写:Z是苄氧羰基保护基团;MeOH是甲醇;DCM是二氯甲烷;TFA是三氟乙酸;DMAP是4-二甲氨基吡啶;THF是四氢呋喃。利用如流程III所示合成顺序,可以以手性形式制备吡啶酮酸衍生物I。利用与Warner等人,J.Med.Chem.1994,37(19),3090-3099所述相似的工艺制备起始性(2-氧代-1,2-二氢吡啶-3-基)氨基甲酸苄基酯(R2=H)。将商业上可获得的(R)-叔丁基-2-羟基丁酸酯(R3=乙基)在DCM中用三氟甲磺酸酐和2,6-二甲基吡啶处理,得到对应的三氟甲磺酸酯。三氟甲磺酸酯与(2-氧代-1,2-二氢吡啶-3-基)氨基甲酸苄基酯的阴离子(在THF中用氢化钠去质子化制备)的反应得到N-烷基化的吡啶酮。用氢和披钯碳除去苄氧羰基保护基团,得到胺。然后在DCM中与适当的亲电试剂、三乙胺和DMAP反应。例如,如果需要R1是RC=O(酰胺),那么可以使用适当取代的酰氯。如果需要R1是RS(=O)2(磺酰胺),那么可以使用适当取代的磺酰氯。如果R1是RO(C=O)(氨基甲酸酯),那么可以使用适当取代的氯甲酸酯。如果R1是RN(C=O)(脲),那么可以使用适当取代的氨甲酰氯或异氰酸酯。相应地可以制备其他R1基团。然后例如用三氟乙酸进行酯的去保护,制备酸1。然后使酸与氨基醇2偶联(流程I)。
因此,本发明的另一种实施方式提供制备式I化合物的方法:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5是如本文任意实施方式所定义的,包括:
(a)在肽偶联条件和溶剂的存在下,使式(III)化合物:
其中:
R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10、R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-;
R10独立地是氢、(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N(H)、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R10任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R、R2、R3和R6是如本文任意式(I)实施方式所定义的;
与式(IV)化合物反应:
其中Y是羰基或OH基团;R4和R5是如本文任意式(I)实施方式所定义的;
其条件是如果Y是OH基团,那么该方法进一步包括(b)氧化该OH基团,得到式(I)化合物;
其条件是如果R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN,那么该方法包括进一步将-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN转化为R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-的步骤。
偶联条件可以是技术人员已知任意用于生成肽键的那些。优选的偶联条件是EDC/DMAP/HOBt。在上述实施方式中优选的溶剂是THF。
在优选的实施方式中,式(III)化合物:
其中R2、R3和R9是如本文所定义的;
是借助这样一种方法制备的,包括:
(c)在溶剂中,在去保护条件的存在下,使式(V)化合物反应:
其中R、R2、R3和R9是如本文所定义的。
去保护条件将依赖于具体的保护基团(即R10)。例如,如果R10是叔丁基,那么优选的去保护条件将包括酸水解。优选的酸是TFA。优选的溶剂是DCM。更优选地,溶剂和水解条件包含TFA和DCM。如果R10是甲基或乙基,那么优选的去保护条件将是碱性的(例如NaOH水溶液)。如果R10是苄基,那么可以借助氢解作用除去苄基。
在优选的实施方式中,式(V)化合物:
其中R2、R3、R9和R10是如本文所定义的;
是借助这样一种方法制备的,包括:
(d)在溶剂和碱的存在下,使式(VI)化合物:
其中R2和R9是如本文所定义的;
与式(VII)化合物反应:
其中X是适合的离去基团;R3和R10是如本文所定义的。
优选地,X是-I、-Br、-Cl、-OH、烷基磺酸酯或芳基磺酸酯。若X是-OH,可以就地生成适当的离去基团(例如Mitsunobu反应)。优选的磺酸酯包括-O-三氟甲磺酸酯、-O-甲磺酸酯、-O-苯磺酸酯、-O-对-甲苯磺酸酯、-O-间-硝基苯磺酸酯和-O-对-硝基苯磺酸酯。适合用在本发明方法中的离去基团是本领域熟知的。例如参见″March′sAdvanced Organic Chemistry″,5th Ed.,Ed.:Smith,M.B.and March,J.,John Wiley&Sons,New York(2001)。
可以使用任意与阴离子的生成相容的溶剂。优选的溶剂包括DMF、甲苯和THF。
适合的碱包括任意可以从(V)的羟基中除去质子的那些。这类碱包括BuLi、LDA、LHMDS和NaH。优选地,碱是NaH。
本发明的另一种实施方式提供制备式(VIII)化合物的方法:
其中:
R2是-CF3、-Cl、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3、R8、R9和R10是如本文所定义的;
包括下列步骤:
(e)在溶剂和碱的存在下,使式(IX)化合物:
其中R2和R9是如本文所定义的;
与式(VII)化合物反应:
其中R3和R10是如本文所定义的;X是适合的离去基团。
优选地,X是-I、-Br、-Cl、-OH、烷基磺酸酯或芳基磺酸酯。若X是-OH,可以就地生成适当的离去基团(例如Mitsunobu反应)。优选的磺酸酯包括-O-三氟甲磺酸酯、-O-甲磺酸酯、-O-苯磺酸酯、-O-对-甲苯磺酸酯、-O-间-硝基苯磺酸酯和-O-对-硝基苯磺酸酯。
可以使用任意与阴离子的生成相容的溶剂。这类溶剂包括DMF、甲苯和THF。优选地,溶剂是THF。
适合的碱包括任意可以从(V)的羟基中除去质子的那些。这类碱包括BuLi、LDA、LHMDS和NaH。优选地,碱是NaH。
本发明的另一种实施方式提供制备式(I)化合物的方法:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5是如本文任意实施方式所定义的,包括:
(a)在如本文所定义的任意偶联条件和溶剂的存在下,使式(VI或IX)化合物:
其中:
R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10、-CN、R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-;
R2、R3和R6是如本文所定义的;
与式(X)化合物反应:
其中Y是羰基或OH基团;R4和R5是如本文所定义的;
其条件是如果Y是OH基团,那么该方法进一步包括(b)氧化该OH基团,得到式(I)化合物;
其条件是如果R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN,那么该方法包括进一步将-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN转化为R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-的步骤。
可以测定本发明化合物抑制IL-1β释放、天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性或者直接抑制细胞程序死亡的能力。每种活性的测定法是本领域已知的。下文描述所选择的测定法。
如果在这些组合物中采用本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐,那么这些盐优选地是从无机或有机酸和碱衍生的。在这类酸盐中包括如下:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、草酸盐、扑酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。碱盐包括铵盐、碱金属盐(例如钠和钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙和镁盐)、有机碱的盐(例如二环己胺盐、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺盐)和与氨基酸(例如精氨酸、赖氨酸)的盐等。
而且,碱性含氮基团可以用下列试剂季铵化,例如低级烷基卤化物,例如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;硫酸二烷基酯,例如硫酸的二甲基、二乙基、二丁基和二戊基酯;长链卤化物,例如癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;芳烷基卤化物,例如苄基和苯乙基的溴化物,等等。由此得到水-或油-可溶性或可分散性产物。
用在本发明组合物和方法中的化合物也可以通过附加适当的官能度加以修饰,以增强选择性生物学性质。这类修饰是本领域已知的,包括增加进入给定生物系统(例如血液、淋巴系统、中枢神经系统)的生物渗透、增加口服生物利用度、增加溶解度以便注射给药、改变代谢和改变排泄速率。
可以用在这些组合物中的药学上可接受的载体包括但不限于离子交换剂、氧化铝、硬脂酸铝、卵磷脂、血清蛋白质(例如人血清白蛋白)、缓冲物质(例如磷酸盐)、甘氨酸、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、饱和植物脂肪酸的偏甘油酯混合物、水、盐或电解质(例如硫酸鱼精蛋白、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钾、氯化钠、锌盐、胶体二氧化硅、三硅酸镁)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素类物质、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸酯、蜡、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物、聚乙二醇和羊毛脂。
按照优选的实施方式,配制本发明组合物供哺乳动物、优选人类给药。
本发明的这类药物组合物可以被口服、肠胃外、通过吸入喷雾、局部、直肠、鼻、颊、阴道或经由植入药库给药。本文所用的术语“肠胃外”包括皮下、静脉内、肌内、动脉内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、肝内、伤口内与颅内注射或输注技术。优选地,组合物是口服或静脉内给药的。
本发明组合物的无菌可注射形式可以是水性或油性混悬剂。这些混悬剂可以按照本领域已知的技术、利用适合的分散或润湿剂和悬浮剂加以配制。无菌的可注射制剂还可以是在无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液剂或混悬剂,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可以采用的可接受的载体和溶剂有水、林格氏溶液和等渗的氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌的不挥发油也经常被用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此,可以采用任何温和的不挥发油,包括合成的单-或二-甘油酯。脂肪酸、例如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物可用于制备注射剂,它们是天然的药学上可接受的油,例如橄榄油或蓖麻油,尤其是它们的聚氧乙基化形式。这些油溶液剂或混悬剂还可以含有长链醇稀释剂或分散剂,例如羧甲基纤维素或相似的分散剂,它们普遍用于配制药学上可接受的剂型,包括乳剂和混悬剂。出于制剂的目的,还可以使用其他常用的表面活性剂,例如吐温类、司盘类,和其他乳化剂或生物利用度增强剂,它们普遍用在药学上可接受的固体、液体或其他剂型的制造中。
本发明药物组合物可以按任意口服可接受的剂型口服给药,包括但不限于胶囊剂、片剂、水性混悬剂或溶液剂。在口用片剂的情况下,常用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。通常还加入润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁。就按胶囊剂型口服给药而言,有用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干燥的玉米淀粉。当口用需要水性混悬剂时,活性成分是与乳化和悬浮剂联用的。如果需要的话,还可以加入某些甜味剂、矫味剂或着色剂。
作为替代选择,本发明药物组合物可以按栓剂形式直肠给药。它们可以这样制备,将药物与适合的无刺激性赋形剂混合,所述赋形剂在室温下是固体,但是在直肠温度下是液体,因此将在直肠内融化,释放药物。这类材料包括可可脂、蜂蜡和聚乙二醇。
本发明药物组合物还可以被局部给药,尤其当治疗靶包括容易为局部用药接近的区域或器官时,包括眼、皮肤或下部肠道的疾病。适合的局部制剂容易根据每种这些区域或器官加以制备。
下部肠道的局部用药可以按直肠栓剂(见上)或适合的灌肠剂进行。还可以使用局部透皮贴剂。
就局部用药而言,可以将药物组合物配制成适合的软膏剂,其中含有悬浮或溶解在一种或多种载体中的活性组分。用于本发明化合物局部给药的载体包括但不限于矿物油、液体凡士林、白凡士林、丙二醇、聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯化合物、乳化蜡和水。作为替代选择,可以将药物组合物配制成适合的洗剂或霜剂,其中含有悬浮或溶解在一种或多种药学上可接受的载体中的活性组分。适合的载体包括但不限于矿物油、脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯60、鲸蜡酯蜡、鲸蜡硬脂醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、苄醇和水。
就眼用而言,可以将药物组合物配制成在等渗的经过pH调节的无菌盐水中的微粉化混悬剂,或者优选为在等渗的经过pH调节的无菌盐水中的溶液,其中含有或没有防腐剂,例如苯扎氯铵。作为替代选择,就眼用而言,可以将药物组合物配制成软膏剂,例如凡士林。
本发明药物组合物还可以借助鼻气雾剂或吸入给药。这类组合物是按照药物制剂领域熟知的技术制备的,可以制成在盐水中的溶液剂,其中采用苯甲醇或其他适合的防腐剂、增强生物利用度的吸收增强剂、碳氟化合物和/或其他常规的增溶或分散剂。
上述组合物特别可用于涉及IL-1介导的疾病、细胞程序死亡介导的疾病、炎性疾病、自体免疫疾病、破坏性骨病、增殖性病症、感染性疾病、变性疾病、与细胞死亡有关的疾病或者各种形式的肝病的治疗性应用。这类疾病包括涉及下列方面的那些:风湿病学和自体免疫性,例如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、骨质疏松、系统性红斑狼疮、硬皮病、慢性甲状腺炎、格雷夫氏病、重症肌无力、自体免疫性中性白细胞减少、自体免疫性溶血性贫血、血小板减少、青少年类风湿性关节炎、痛风、贝切特氏综合征、斯提尔氏综合征、巨噬细胞活化综合征和肉样瘤病;自体炎性综合征,例如与cryopyrin有关的周期综合征(包括Muckle-Wells综合征、家族性寒性荨麻疹、慢性婴幼儿神经病性皮肤与关节综合征(a.k.a.新生儿发作性多系统炎性疾病))、家族性地中海热、与TNFR1有关的周期综合征(TRAPS)、超-IgD周期热综合征(HIDS)和Blau氏综合征;皮肤病学,例如牛皮癣、特应性皮炎、瘢痕形成、脱发、寻常痤疮和天疱疮;呼吸,例如哮喘、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、囊性纤维变性、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺病和自发性肺纤维变性;内科学,例如炎性腹膜炎、炎性肠疾病、克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、自体免疫性胃炎、与幽门螺杆菌有关的胃与十二指肠溃疡疾病、糖尿病、胰腺炎、肾小球性肾炎、慢性活动型肝炎、过量饮食酒精摄取疾病、肾病、多囊性肾病、灼伤、灼伤损伤后的器官细胞程序死亡、出血性休克、器官衰竭(例如肝衰竭、急性肾衰竭和急性呼吸衰竭)和子宫内膜异位;移植,例如移植物对宿主的疾病(GVHD)和器官移植排斥;肿瘤学,例如白血病与相关障碍、脊髓发育不良综合征、多发性骨髓瘤-相关性骨病、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、转移性黑素瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤和多发性骨髓瘤;心血管,例如慢性心脏病、急性心脏病、心肌梗塞、心肌缺血、充血性心力衰竭、动脉粥样硬化、冠状动脉旁路移植物(CABG)和急性冠状综合征;中枢与外周神经系统,例如阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、肯尼迪氏病、朊病毒疾病、脑缺血、癫痫、脊肌肉萎缩、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、多发性硬化、HIV-相关性脑炎、创伤性脑损伤、脊髓损伤、由中风引起的神经病学伤害、糖尿病性神经病和急性与慢性疼痛;眼科学,例如眼色素层炎、视网膜障碍、糖尿病性视网膜病、青光眼和角膜炎;感染性疾病,例如病毒介导的疾病、脓毒病、脓毒性休克、志贺氏菌病、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、庚型肝炎、黄热病、登革热、日本脑炎、HIV感染、结核、脑膜炎、假单胞菌感染和不动杆菌感染;和其他疾病,例如衰老。化合物和组合物也可用于治疗与冠状动脉旁路移植物有关的并发症。化合物在上述组合物中的含量应当足以导致疾病严重性或者天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性和/或细胞程序死亡有可检测的降低,由本领域已知的任意测定法测量。
按照另一种实施方式,本发明组合物可以进一步包含另一种治疗剂。这类药物包括但不限于溶栓剂,例如组织纤溶酶原激活剂和链激酶。若使用第二药物,该第二药物在与本发明化合物或组合物给药时可以作为单独的剂型或者作为单一剂型的一部分。因此,本发明提供同时、单独或先后使用的组合制备物。
本文所述蛋白酶抑制剂化合物可用在预防和治疗牵涉天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性和/或细胞程序死亡的疾病的单一疗法中的剂量水平在约0.01与约100mg/kg体重每天之间,优选在约0.5与约75mg/kg体重每天之间。
通常,本发明药物组合物将每天给药约1至约5次,或者作为替代选择以连续输注方式给药。这类给药可以用作慢性或急性疗法。可以与载体材料组合形成单一剂型的活性成分量将因所治疗的宿主和特定的给药方式而异。典型的制备物将含有约5%至约95%活性化合物(w/w)。优选地,这类制备物含有约20%至约80%活性化合物。
当本发明组合物包含式I化合物与一种或多种另外的治疗或预防剂的组合时,该化合物和该另外的药物的剂量水平都应当是在单一疗法制度中正常给药剂量的10至100%,更优选地在约10至80%之间。
也应当理解的是,任意特定患者的具体剂量和治疗制度将依赖于多种因素,包括所采用的具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、排泄速率、药物组合、主治医师的判断和所治疗的特定疾病的严重性。活性成分的量也将依赖于特定的化合物和组合物中的其它治疗剂,如果有的话。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明提供治疗患有上述疾病之一的哺乳动物的方法,包含对所述哺乳动物给予上述药学上可接受的组合物。在这种实施方式中,如果患者也被给予另一种治疗剂或天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,那么它可以与本发明化合物在单一的剂型中或者作为单独的剂型一起被递送。若作为单独的剂型给药,其它天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或药物在给药时可以先于、同时或晚于包含本发明化合物的药学上可接受的组合物给药。
具体实施方式
为了更加充分地理解本发明,提供下列制备性和试验性实施例。这些实施例仅供阐述的目的,不被解释为以任意方式限制发明的范围。
实施例1
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
方法A:
(S)-2-(3-苄氧羰基氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯
向冷却(0℃)的羟基丁酸(R)-叔丁基酯(1.03g,6.43mmol)的二氯甲烷(25mL)溶液缓慢加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.38g,12.9mmol),然后加入三氟甲磺酸酐(3.45g,12.2mmol)。将所得混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时,然后在叔丁基甲基醚(150mL)与1M HCl水溶液(30mL)之间分配。将有机层用盐水(30mL)洗涤,干燥(硫酸钠),过滤,浓缩,得到三氟甲磺酸酯,为浅褐色油。
向(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯(P.Warner等人,J.Med.Chem.,37,19,1994,3090-3099)(1.73g,7.07mmol)的无水THF(60mL)溶液加入氢化钠(60%分散体,257mg,6.43mmol),将溶液在室温下搅拌45分钟。然后将反应混合物用套管缓慢转移至如上制备的三氟甲磺酸酯的THF溶液(3mL)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌90分钟,用含水氯化铵(10mL)猝灭。蒸发大多数溶剂,使残余物在EtOAc与饱和含水NH4Cl之间分配。将有机层用盐水(30mL)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发。残余物经过快速色谱纯化(10%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物,为无色的油(2.48g,100%):
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.92(3H,t),1.45(9H,s),1.94(1H,m),2.25(1H,m),5.23(2H,s),5.47(1H,dd),6.32(1H,t),7.01(1H,d),7.32-7.43(5H,m),7.92(1H,s),8.06(1H,br d).
方法B:
(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯
向(S)-2-(3-苄氧羰基氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯(2.48g,6.43mmol)在MeOH(15mL)与EtOAc(15mL)混合物中的溶液加入10%Pd/C(250mg)。将混合物脱气,在室温和氢气氛(气球压力)下搅拌90分钟。将反应混合物通过短二氧化硅垫过滤,然后用MeOH冲洗。合并滤液,在减压下蒸发,得到标题化合物,为白色固体(1.62g,100%);
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.91(3H,t),1.44(9H,s),1.91(1H,m),2.21(1H,m),4.24(2H,br s),5.50(1H,dd),6.11(1H,t),6.53(1H,d),6.77(1H,d).
方法C:
(S)-2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯
向冷却(0℃)的(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯(500mg,1.98mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液加入三乙胺(220mg,2.18mmol),继之以乙酸酐(202mg,1.98mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌12小时,然后在EtOAc与含水1M HCl之间分配。将有机层用饱和含水NaHCO3、盐水(30mL)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发。残余物经过快速色谱纯化(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物,为无色的油(569mg,97%):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.87(3H,t),1.40(9H,s),1.91(1H,m),2.13(3H,s),2.19(1H,m),5.38(1H,dd),6.26(1H,t),6.99(1H,d),8.33(1H,d),8.43(1H,br s).
方法D:
(S)-2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸
将(S)-2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯(569mg,1.93mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液冷却至0℃。加入三氟乙酸(5ml),使所得混合物升温至室温,搅拌2小时。然后在减压下浓缩混合物,将残余物重新溶于二氯甲烷。该过程重复若干次,目的是除去过量三氟乙酸。将所得固体悬浮在二乙醚中,过滤,用更多的二乙醚洗涤。然后在真空下干燥固体至恒重。得到标题产物,为白色固体(327mg,71%);1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.78(3H,t),2.02-2.17(5H,m),4.98(1H,dd),6.29(1H,t),7.35(1H,d),8.21(1H,d),9.30(1H,s),13.07(1H,vbr s).
方法E:
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-羟基-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸叔丁基酯
将搅拌着的(S)-2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸(100mg,0.42mmol)、3-氨基-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟苯氧基)-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯(163mg,0.462mmol)、HOBt(62mg,0.462mmol)、DMAP(56mg,0.462mmol)与THF(5mL)的混合物冷却至0℃,然后加入EDC(89mg,0.462mmol)。使混合物在16小时内升温至室温,然后在减压下浓缩。残余物经过快速色谱纯化(50-50%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物,为白色泡沫(221mg,92%);
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.88-0.93(3H,m),1.37-1.38(9H,2s),1.86-1.96(1H,m),2.15-2.25(4H,m),2.55-2.71(2H,m),3.70-4.64(5H,m),5.30-5.39(1H,m),6.30-6.35(1H,m),6.75-6.86(1H,m),7.17-7.31(2H,m),8.31-8.47(2H,m).
方法F:
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸叔丁基酯
在0℃下,将搅拌着的(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-羟基-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸叔丁基酯(221mg,0.385mmol)的无水DCM(10mL)溶液用1,1,1-三乙酰氧基-1,1-二氢-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-酮(212mg,0.5mmol)处理。将所得混合物在0℃下保持2小时,用乙酸乙酯稀释,然后倒入饱和含水碳酸氢钠与饱和含水硫代硫酸钠的1∶1混合物中。除去有机层,水层用乙酸乙酯反萃取。合并有机萃取液,干燥(硫酸镁),浓缩。残余物经过快速色谱纯化(50-50%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物,为白色固体(187mg,85%);1HN NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.93(3H,t),1.36(3H,s),1.95(1H,m),2.21(3H,s),2.25(1H,m),2.73(2H,dd),2.89(1H,dd),4.91(1H,m),5.04-5.17(2H,m),5.47(1H,m),6.34(1H,t),6.80(1H,m),7.19(1H,m),7.68(1H,d),8.36-8.41(2H,m).
方法G:
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
将(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸叔丁基酯(187mg,0.327mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液冷却至0℃。加入三氟乙酸(5mL),使所得混合物升温至室温,搅拌2小时。然后在减压下浓缩混合物,将残余物重新溶于二氯甲烷。该过程重复若干次,目的是除去过量三氟乙酸。将所得固体悬浮在二乙醚中,过滤,用更多的二乙醚洗涤。然后在真空下干燥固体至恒重。得到标题产物,为白色固体(138mg,82%);
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.78(3H,t),1.87-2.13(5H,m),2.56-2.78(2H,m),4.62(1H,m),5.18-5.29(2H,m),5.40(1H,m),6.28(1H,t),7.37(1H,d),7.53-7.66(1H,m),8.17-8.21(1H,m),8.92(1H,d),9.21(1H,s),12.51(1H,brs);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-156.9,-141.1;M+H 516.2,M-H 514.2.
实施例2
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-丙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和丙酸酐制备;白色固体;IR(固体)1584,1642,1662,1717,1749cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.78(3H,t),1.04(3H,t),1.88-2.11(2H,m),2.43(2H,q),2.59(1H,d),2.75(1H,dd),4.61(1H,m),5.18-5.29(2H,2dd),5.40(1H,m),6.29(1H,t),7.37(1H,d),7.58(1H,m),8.22(1H,d),8.91(1H,d),9.08(1H,s),12.50(1H,br s);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-140.6,-140.8,-141.1,-156.8,-157.0;M+H 530.2,M-H 528.3.
实施例3
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-丁酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和丁酰氯制备;米色固体;IR(固体)1659,1645,1509,1490cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.76-0.80(3H,m),0.88(3H,t),1.53-1.58(2H,m),1.88-1.93(1H,m),2.01-2.09(1H,m),2.37-2.41(2H,m),2.59(1H,dd),2.70-2.81(1H,m),4.59-4.63(1H,m),5.20-5.25(2H,m),5.38-5.50(1H,2x m),7.36-7.38(1H,m),7.55-7.61(1H,m),8.21-8.23(1H,m),8.61-8.92(1H,3x d),9.06-9.10(1H,m),12.49(1H,br s);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-140.6,-141.1,-156.9,-157.0;M+H544.3,M-H 542.3.
实施例4
(S,S)-3-{2-[3-(环戊烷羰基-氨基)-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和环戊烷碳酰氯制备;白色固体;
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.74-0.82(7H,m),1.93(1H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.17(1H,m),2.59(1H,d),2.75(1H,dd),4.62(1H,m),5.19-5.30(2H,2dd),5.41(1H,m),6.27(1H,t),7.37(1H,d),7.57(1H,m),8.17(1H,d),8.92(1H,d),9.49(1H,s),12.51(1H,brs);M+H 542.2,M-H 540.3.
实施例5
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-异丁酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和异丁酰氯制备;白色固体;IR(固体)1664,1517,1491cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ1.75-1.85(3H,m),1.05(6H,d),1.9-2.1(2H,m),2.6-2.9(3H,m),4.55-4.62(1H,m),5.2-5.35(2H,m),5.4-5.43(1H,m),6.25(1H,t),7.4-7.45(1H,m),7.6-7.7(1H,m),8.2-8.24(1H,m),8.8-9.0(2H,m);M+H 544.3,M-H 542.3.
实施例6
(S,S)-3-{2-[3-(2-甲氧基-乙酰氨基)-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基{-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和甲氧基乙酰氯制备;粉红色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.75-0.80(3H,m),1.88-1.97(1H,m),2.02-2.10(1H,m),2.56-2.63(1H,m),2.72-2.79(1H,m),3.37-3.40(3H,m),4.00-4.03(2H,m),4.53-4.65(1H,m),5.13-5.46(3H,m),6.32-6.35(1H,m),7.39-7.45(1H,m),7.51-7.66(1H,m),8.21-8.26(1H,m),8.92-8.98(1H,m),9.12-9.17(1H,m),12.51(1H,br s);M+H 546.2,M-H544.2.
实施例7
(S,S)-3-(2-{3-[(呋喃-2-羰基)-氨基]-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基}-丁酰氨基)-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和2-糠酰氯制备;白色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.81(3H,m),1.95(1H,m),2.09(1H,m),2.60(1H,dd),2.77(1H,dd),4.61(1H,m),5.19-5.29(2H,m),5.42(1H,m),6.39(1H,t),6.74(1H,m),7.30(1H,m),7.46-7.58(2H,m),7.95(1H,m),8.27(1H,d),8.98(1Hd),9.16(1H,s),12.50(1H,br s);M+H 568.3,M-H566.3.
实施例8
(S,S)-3-(2-{3-[(呋喃-3-羰基)-氨基]-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基}-丁酰氨基)-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和3-糠酰氯制备;灰白色固体;IR(固体)1748,1711,1663,1640,1583,1517,1488cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.80(3H,m),1.90-2.20(2H,m),2.60-2.90(2H,m),4.65(1H,m),5.10-5.60(3H,m),6.40(1H,t),6.95(1H,m),7.40-7.65(2H,m),7.85(1H,s),8.20(1H,m),8.50(1H,m),8.90-9.20(2H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-141.0,-156.8;M+H568.2,M-H 566.3.
实施例9
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-(2-{2-氧代-3-[(吡啶-3-羰基)-氨基]-2H-吡啶-1-基}-丁酰氨基)-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和3-吡啶碳酰氯制备(分离到TFA盐);黄色固体;IR(固体)1745,1678,1650,1517,1488;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.80(3H,m),1.90-2.30(2H,m),2.50-2.90(2H,m),4.65(1H,m),5.10-5.65(3H,m),6.45(1H,t),7.40-7.80(3H,m),8.10-8.40(2H,m),8.85(1H,s),8.90-9.20(2H,m),9.65(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-141.0,-156.8;M+H 579.2,M-H 577.3.
实施例10
(S,S)-3-(2-{3-[(异噻唑-3-羰基)-氨基]-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基}-丁酰氨基)-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和3-异噻唑碳酰氯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1678,1649,1516,1493cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.85(3H,m),1.85-2.30(2H,m),2.50-2.90(2H,m),4.20-4.70(1H,2m),5.10-5.60(3H,m),6.45(1H,t),7.40-7.70(2H,m),7.95(1H,m),8.40(1H,d),8.95-9.15(1H,2m),9.30(1H,d),10.00(1H,2s);19FNMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-141.0,-156.9;M+H 585.1,M-H 583.2.
实施例11
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-苯甲酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和苯甲酰氯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1645,1509,1490cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.79-0.85(3H,m),1.95-1.99(1H,m),2.06-2.10(1H,m),2.60(1H,dd),2.77(1H,dd),4.59-4.63(1H,m),5.25(2H,m),5.42-5.55(1H,m),6.38-6.42(1H,m),7.51-7.62(5H,m),7.89-7.91(2H,m),8.27-8.31(1H,m),8.69-8.99(1H,m),9.28(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-140.6,-141.0,-156.9,-157.0;M+H 578.2,M-H 576.2.
实施例12
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和苯乙酰氯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1659,1635,1519cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.77(3H,t),1.85-1.96(1H,m),2.03-2.07(1H,m),2.59(1H,dd),2.71-2.77(1H,m),3.79(2H,s),4.61-4.66(1H,m),5.16-5.29(2H,m),5.35-5.44(1H,m),6.28(1H,t),7.24-7.39(6H,m),7.52-7.67(1H,m),8.19-8.21(1H,m),8.61-8.92(1H,m),9.28(1H,br s);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-140.6,-141.0,-156.90,-157.0;M+H592.2,M-H 590.2.
实施例13
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙酰氨基-2-氧代-5-三氟甲基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-5-三氟甲基-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯制备;白色固体;IR(固体)1659,1514cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.79(3H,t),2.07-2.33(5H,m),2.59-2.79(2H,m),4.59-4.63(1H,m),5.18-5.29(2H,m),5.41-5.45(1H,m),7.55-7.62(1H,m),7.89(1H,s),8.41-8.43(1H,m),9.04(1H,d),9.61-9.63(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-61.4,-140.7,-141.1,-156.8-156.9-157.02,-157.1;M+H 584.2,M-H 582.2.
实施例14
(S,S)-3-{2-[3-(3-乙基-脲基)-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和异氰酸乙酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1664,1645,1550,1493,1208cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.80(3H,t),1.05(3H,t),1.80-2.20(2H,m),2.50-2.85(2H,m),3.15(2H,m),4.65(1H,m),5.25(2H,dd),5.40(1H,m),6.25(1H,t),7.15(1H,s),7.25(1H,d),7.60(1H,m),8.05(1H,m),8.20(1H,s),8.95(1H,d);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-141.1,-156.9;M+H 545.2,M-H 543.2.
实施例15
(S,S)-3-{2-[3-(3,3-二乙基-脲基)-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
方法H:
向冷却(0℃)的(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯(400mg,1.59mm0l)的二氯乙烷(3mL)溶液加入三乙胺(0.254mL,1.82mmol)。在0℃下历经10分钟将该溶液滴加到双光气(0.11mL,0.91mmol)的二氯乙烷(7mL)溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌90分钟,然后在EtOAc与含水1M HCl之间分配。将有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发,得到异氰酸酯,为褐色的油。
向冷却(0℃)的如上制备的异氰酸酯(244mg,0.79mmol)的二氯乙烷(4mL)溶液加入三乙胺(0.122mL,0.87mmol),继之以二乙胺(0.082mL,0.79mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,然后在EtOAc与含水1M HCl之间分配。将有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发,得到褐色油性残余物,经过快速柱色谱纯化(50%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到二乙基脲,为无色的油。
该中间体参与方法D-G所述顺序,得到标题化合物;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1640,1512,1213cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.75-0.95(3H,m),1.10-1.40(6H,m),1.90-2.25(2H,m),2.60-2.90(2H,m),3.30-3.50(4H,m),4.75(1H,m),5.10-5.60(3H,m),6.35(1H,t),7.30(1H,m),7.75(1H,m),7.80(1H,m),8.05(1H,m),8.95-9.05(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-141.0,-156.9;M+H 573.3,M-H 571.2.
实施例16
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-(2-{2-氧代-3-[(吡咯烷-1-羰基)-氨基]-2H-吡啶-1-基}-丁酰氨基)-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法H、D-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和吡咯烷制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1650,1593,1512,1489,1208cm-1;1H NMR (400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.80(3H,m),1.80-2.20(6H,m),2.60-2.90(2H,m),3.30-3.50(4H,m),4.60-4.75(1H,m),5.10-5.50(3H,m),6.30(1H,t),7.35(1H,m),7.50-7.75(2H,m),8.00(1H,m),8.85-8.95(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-141.1,-156.9;M+H 571.3,M-H 569.3.
实施例17
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-甲氧羰基氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和氯甲酸甲酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1644,1661,1709cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.81(3H,m),1.95(1H,m),2.09(1H,m),2.50-2.98(2H,m),3.70(3H,s),4.20-5.50(4H,m),6.31(1H,m),7.40(1H,m),7.59(1H,m),7.82(1H,m),8.20(1H,s),8.55-9.00(1H,d);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-140.6,-141.0,-141.1,-156.80,-156.9,-157.0,-157.1;M+H 532.3,M-H 530.3.
实施例18
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙磺酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和乙磺酰氯制备;粉红色固体;
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMsO)δ0.74-0.82(3H,m),1.17-1.25(3H,m),1.85-2.10(2H,m),2.54-2.79(2H,m),3.09-3.15(2H,m),4.58-4.68(1H,m),5.13-5.38(2H,m),6.26-6.31(1H,m),7.34-7.38(1H,m),7.51-7.73(2H,m),8.72-8.76(1H,m),8.89-8.97(1H,m),12.51(1H,br s);M+H 566.2,M-H564.2.
实施例19
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-{2-[2-氧代-3-(丙烷-1-磺酰氨基)-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和丙磺酰氯制备;粉红色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.74-0.82(3H,m),0.88-0.94(3H,m),1.63-1.74(2H,m),1.85-2.10(2H,m),2.56-2.79(2H,m),3.06-3.13(2H,m),4.58-4.68(1H,m),5.13-5.40(2H,m),6.26-6.31(1H,m),7.34-7.37(1H,m),7.50-7.62(2H,m),8.71-8.75(1H,m),8.90-8.97(1H,m),12.53(1H,br s);M+H 580.3,M-H 578.3.
实施例20
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-{2-[2-氧代-3-(丙烷-2-磺酰氨基)-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
利用与C-G相似的方法,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和异丙磺酰氯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1645,1518cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ1.7-1.8(3H,m),1.18-1.25(6H,m),1.85-2.05(2H,m),2.55-2.8(2H,m),3.2-3.3(1H,m),4.52-4.62(1H,m),5.15-5.32(3H,m),5.4-5.43(1H,m),6.25(1H,t),7.3-7.35(1H,m),7.45-7.6(2H,m),8.6-8.7(1H,m),8.9-9.0(1H,m);M+H 580.2,M-H 578.2.
实施例21
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-苯磺酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法C-G,从(S)-2-(3-氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯和苯磺酰氯制备;粉红色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.55-0.66(3H,m),1.72-1.84(1H,m),1.91-2.01(1H,m),2.53-2.61(1H,m),2.68-2.76(1H,m),4.54-4.63(1H,m),5.06-5.32(2H,m),6.20-6.25(1H,m),6.98-7.86(9H,m),8.84-8.90(1H,m),9.40-9.45(1H,m),12.51(1H,br s);M+H 614.1,M-H 612.1.
实施例22
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙磺酰氨基-2-氧代-5-三氟甲基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-5-三氟甲基-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯制备;灰白色固体;IR(固体)1664,1519cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)50.78-0.87(3H,m),1.18-1.23(3H,m),1.99-2.14(2H,m),2.55-2.80(2H,m),3.19-3.25(2H,m),4.54-4.66(1H,m),5.20-5.30(2H,m),5.35-5.45(1H,m),7.47(1H,m),7.55-7.71(1H,m),8.01(1H,s),9.05(1H,m),9.31(1H,s);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-63.11,-139.6,-157.1,-157.2;M+H 634.1,M-H 632.1.
实施例23
(S,S)-3-[3-甲基-2-(2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1644,1683,1740,1791cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.6(3H,m),1.0(3H,m),2.2-2.3(1H,m),2.5-3.0(2H,m),3.7-3.8(2H,m),4.1-5.4(4H,m),6.2-6.3(1H,m),7.2-7.4(5H,m),7.5-7.7(2H,m),8.1-8.2(1H,m),8.7-9.2(2H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-140.6,-141.0,-156.8,-157.0,-157.2;M+H 606.3,M-H 604.3.
实施例24
(S,S)-3-[2-(3-乙磺酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-3-甲基-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯制备;灰白色固体;IR(固体)1595,1646,1682,1742,1789cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.7(3H,m),0.9-1.0(3H,m),1.2(3H,m),2.3(1H,m),2.6-3.0(2H,m),3.1(2H,m),4.1-5.4(4H,m),6.3(1H,m),7.3(1H,m),7.5-7.7(2H,m),8.7-9.2(2H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-140.6,-141.0,-156.7,-157.0,-157.1;M+H580.2,M-H 578.3.
实施例25
(S)-5-氟-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-丙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丙酰氨基]-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1643,1658,1711,1740cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ1.0-1.2(3H,m),1.4-1.6(3H,m),2.4-3.2(4H,m),4.2-4.6(1.5H,m),5.0-5.6(2.5H,m),6.3(1H,m),7.3(1H,m),8.2(1H,m),8.3-8.8(1H,m),9.1(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.8,-226.9,-230.6,-231.4,-232.7,-232.8;M+H 370.4,M-H 368.3.
实施例26
(S)-3-[2-(3-苯甲酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丙酰氨基]-5-氟-4-氧代-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体),1523,1644cm-1;1HNMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ1.6(3H,m),2.5-3.2(2H,m),4.2-4.7(1.5H,m),5.0-5.6(2.5H,m),6.4(1H,m),7.4-7.6(3H,m),7.9(2H,m),8.3(1H,m),8.5-8.9(1H,m),9.3(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-226.8,-230.4,-231.3,-232.8,-232.9;M+H418.3,M-H 416.3.
实施例27
(S)-3-{2-[3-(2,6-二氯-苯甲酰氨基)-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丙酰氨基}-5-氟-4-氧代-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1521,1646cm-1;1HNMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ1.5-1.6(3H,m),2.5-3.2(2H,m),4.2-4.7(1.5H,m),5.0-5.5(2.5H,m),6.3-6.4(1H,m),7.4-7.5(3H,m),8.3(1H,m),8.5-8.9(1H,m),10.2(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-226.8,-230.6,-231.4,-232.8,-232.9;M+H486.3,M-H 484.3.
实施例28
(S)-5-氟-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丙酰氨基]-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1524.2,1652.4cm-1;
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ1.5(3H,m),2.5-3.2(2H,m),3.8(2H,m),4.2-4.7(1.5H,m),5.0-5.5(2.5H,m),6.3(1H,m),7.2-7.4(6H,m),8.2(1H,m),8.4-8.9(1H,m),9.3(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-226.8,-230.6,-231.5,-232.8,-232.9;M+H432.3,M-H 430.3.
实施例29
(S)-5-氟-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-丙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1644,1585,1518,1214cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.8-0.9(3H,m),1.05(3H,t),1.9-2.1(2H,m),2.4-2.5(2H,m),2.6-2.95(2H,m),4.2-4.5(2H,m),5.1-5.5(3H,m),6.3-6.35(1H,m),7.4-7.45(1H,m),8.2-8.25(1H,m),8.8-8.9(1H,m),9.1-9.15(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合δ-226.7,-232.6;M+H 384.3,M-H 382.3.
实施例30
(S)-3-[2-(3-苯甲酰氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-5-氟-4-氧代-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1643,1522,1204cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.75-0.85(3H,m),1.9-2.2(2H,m),2.6-2.9(2H,m),4.3-4.7(2H,m),5.1-5.6(2H,m6.4-6.5(1H,m),7.5-7.85(4H,m),7.9-8.0(1H,m),8.3-8.4(1H,m),8.85-8.95(1H,m),9.35(1H,s);M+H432.3,M-H 430.3.
实施例31
(S)-3-{2-[3-(2,6-二氯-苯甲酰氨基)-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-5-氟-4-氧代-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;白色固体;IR(固体)1682,1645,1580,1516,1216cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.8-0.9(3H,m),1.9-2.1(2H,m),2.6-2.85(2H,m),4.4-4.7(2H,m),5.1-5.5(2H,m),6.4-6.5(1H,m),7.5-7.6(4H,m),8.33-8.38(1H,m),8.85-8.95(1H,m),9.15-9.25(1H,s);M+H500.3,M-H 498.3.
实施例32
(S)-5-氟-4-氧代-3-(2-{2-氧代-3-[(吡啶-2-羰基)-氨基]-2H-吡啶-1-基}-丁酰氨基)-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;奶油色固体;IR(固体)1685,1644,1521cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.81-0.86(3H,m),1.90-2.05(1H,m),2.06-2.19(1H,m),2.54-2.90(2H,m),4.58-4.72(1H,m),5.07-5.31(2H,m),5.42-5.57(1H,m),6.40-6.44(1H,m),7.47-7.49(1H,m),6.68-7.72(1H,m),8.09-8.11(1H,m),8.18(1H,d),8.45-8.47(1H,m),8.73-8.75(1H,m),8.87(1H,dd),10.74(1H,s),12.45(1H,brd s);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.8,-230.4,-230.6,-231.0,-232.5,-232.6,-232.8,-232.9;M+H 433.4,M-H 431.4.
实施例33
(S)-5-氟-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;IR(固体)1644,1672,1742,1785cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.7-0.8(3H,m),1.8-2.2(2H,m),2.5-3.2(2H,m),3.8(2H,s),4.2-4.7(2H,m),5.1-5.5(2H,m),6.3(1H,m),7.2-7.4(6H,m),8.2(1H,m),8.5-9.4(2H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-226.7,-230.4,-231.2,-232.6,-232.6;M+H 446.3,M-H 444.3.
实施例34
(S)-5-氟-4-氧代-3-{2-[2-氧代-3-(2-间-甲苯基-乙酰氨基)-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;赭色固体;IR(固体)1644,1678cm-1;1HNMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.7-0.8(3H,m),1.8-2.2(2H,m),2.3(3H,s),2.5-3.2(2H,m),3.7-3.8(2H,s),4.2-5.5(4H,m),6.3(1H,m),7.0-7.3(4H,m),7.4(1H,m),8.2(1H,m),8.5-8.9(1H,m),9.2-9.3(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-226.7,-230.4,-231.2,-232.6,-232.7;M+H 460.3,M-H 459.4.
实施例35
(S)-5-氟-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-丙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-戊酰氨基]-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;白色固体;
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ00.85-0.95(3H,m),1.0-1.1(3H,m),1.1-1.17(2H,m),1.9-2.0(2H,m),2.4-2.5(2H,m),2.6-2.90(2H,m),4.5-4.65(1H,m),5.1-5.5(3H,m),6.3-6.35(1H,m),7.4-7.43(1H,m),8.2-8.23(1H,m),8.8-8.9(1H,m),9.05-9.1(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-232.6;M+H 398.4,M-H 396.4.
实施例36
(S)-5-氟-3-[4-甲基-2-(2-氧代-3-丙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-戊酰氨基]-4-氧代-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;粉红色固体;
1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.85(6H,m),1.05(3H,t),1.30(1H,m),1.70-2.10(2H,2x m),2.30-3.00(4H,m),4.60-4.80(1H,m),5.05-5.40(2H,m),5.65(1H,m),6.35(1H,m),7.45(1H,m),8.25(1H,m),8.95(1H,m),9.15(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-232.5;M+H 412.3.
实施例37
(S)-5-氟-3-[2-(5-甲基-2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-4-氧代-戊酸
按照方法A-G,从(5-甲基-2-氧代-1,2-二氢-吡啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯和3-氨基-5-氟-4-羟基-戊酸叔丁基酯制备;黄色固体;IR(固体)1654,1741,1785cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.7-0.8(3H,m),1.8-2.2(5H,m),2.5-3.2(2H,m),3.8(2H,s),4.2-5.5(4H,m),7.1-7.4(6H,m),8.1(1H,m),8.4-8.9(1H,m),9.2-9.4(1H,m);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-226.7,-226.7,-227.5,-230.5,-231.3,-232.6,-232.6,-233.4;M+H 460.4,M-H 458.4.
实施例38
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-{2-[2-氧代-3-(噻唑-2-基氨基)-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酰氨基}-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
方法I:
3-(噻唑-2-基氨基)-1H-吡啶-2-酮
向3-氨基-1H-吡啶-2-酮(2.0g,18.7mmol)的水(2mL)溶液加入15%HCl(10mL,18mmol),继之以硫氰酸铵(1.5g,18mmol),将混合物加热至回流达2小时。冷却后,发现中间体硫脲沉淀出红-褐色固体。过滤混合物,用水(5mL)洗涤固体。向硫脲(1.3g,7.7mmol)的EtOH(20mL)与水(5mL)溶液加入氯乙醛(2.3mL,16.4mmol),将混合物加热至回流达4小时。冷却后,将混合物用EtOAc(30mL)稀释,用10%NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。有机相经MgSO4干燥,在真空中浓缩。残余物经过快速柱色谱纯化(100%EtOAc),得到标题化合物,为淡绿色固体(1.43g,40%):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.6(1H,s),6.45(1H,t),6.75(1H,s),7.05-7.10(1H,m),7.40-7.42(1H,m),8.35-8.5(2H,m);M+H194.1,M-H 192.1.
该中间体参与方法A和B-G所述顺序,得到实施例38,为白色固体;IR(固体)1648,1593,1517,1490cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.75-0.85(3H,t),1.9-2.2(2H,m),2.6-2.8(2H,m),4.6-4.7(1H,m),5.2-5.3(2H,m),5.35-5.45(1H,m),6.3-6.35(1H,m),6.96-6.98(1H,m),7.2-7.3(2H,m),7.5-7.65(1H,m),8.4-8.43(1H,m),8.8-8.9(1H,2x d),9.9(1H,br s),12.5(1H,brd s);19FNMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,质子去偶合)δ-141.0,-156.9;M+H 557.2,M-H 555.2.
实施例39
(S,S)-4-氧代-3-[2-(2-氧代-3-丙基氨基-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酰氨基]-5-(2,3,5,6-四氟-苯氧基)-戊酸
方法J:
(S)-2-[3-(苄氧羰基-丙基-氨基)-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基]-丁酸叔丁基酯
向(S)-2-(3-苄氧羰基氨基-2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)-丁酸叔丁基酯(100mg,0.26mmol)的无水DMF(3mL)溶液加入NaH(60%分散体,10mg,0.26mmol),将反应在环境温度下搅拌30分钟。滴加丙基碘(30μL,0.31mmol),将反应在环境温度下搅拌过夜。在真空中浓缩混合物至固体,在EtOAc(10mL)与水(10mL)之间分配。分离有机层,经MgSO4干燥,在真空中浓缩。残余物经过快速柱色谱纯化(30%EtOAc/己烷),得到标题化合物,为淡绿色固体(1.43g,40%):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.85-0.95(6H,m),1.35(9H,s),1.55-1.65(2H,m),1.85-1.95(1H,m),2.20-2.27(1H,m),3.6-3.7(2H,m),5.15-5.2(2H,m),5.5-5.6(1H,m),6.25(1H,t),7.25-7.45(7H,m);M+H429.4.
该中间体参与方法C-G所述顺序,最后受到方法B所述氢解作用,得到实施例39,为灰白色固体;IR(固体)1581,1517,1489,938cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ0.80(3H,t),0.9(3H,t),1.5-1.6(2H,m),1.8-2.05(2H,m),2.5-2.7(2H,m),2.9-3.0(2H,m),4.6-4.7(1H,m),5.1-5.4(3H,m),6.1-6.2(2H,m),6.85-6.9(1H,m),7.5-7.65(1H,m),8.7-8.90(1H,3x d),12,5(1H,brd s);M+H 516.2,M-H514.2.
实施例40
酶测定法
天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制作用的测定法基于重组纯化人天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1、-3或-8对荧光底物的裂解作用。按照与Garcia-Calvo等的报道(J.Biol.Chem.273(1998),32608-32613)基本相同的方式进行这些测定法,使用每种酶的特异性底物。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1的底物是乙酰-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-氨基-4-甲基香豆素。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3和-8的底物是乙酰-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-氨基-4-甲基香豆素。这两种底物都是本领域已知的。
利用非线性最小平方分析计算机程序(PRISM 2.0;GraphPadsoftware),将数据直接带入由Thornberry等推导的方程(Biochemistry33(1994),3943-3939),计算在特定抑制剂浓度下所观测的酶失活速率kobs。为了获得二级速率常数kinact,将kobs值对它们各自的抑制剂浓度作图,随后借助计算机线性回归计算kinact值。
借助上述方法测定所选择的本发明化合物对天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1、-3和-3活性的抑制作用。化合物1-39抑制天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1的kinact为>200,000(M-1s-1),抑制天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3的kinact为>50,000(M-1s-1),抑制天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-8的kinact为>50,000(M-1s-1)。
实施例41
对来自全血的IL-1β分泌的抑制作用
从健康供体新抽取人血液,按1∶2稀释在PBS中。向500μL经过稀释的血液加入50mL预先稀释在RPMI培养基中的供试化合物和10mL LPS(LPS,血清型0111:B4,Sigma L3012)(在平板上的最终浓度为5ng/mL)。18小时刺激期后,收集上清液,利用适当的ELISA试剂盒(R&D systems)测定IL-1β水平。
下表2显示借助上述方法分别测定的所选择的本发明化合物对来自人全血的IL-1β分泌的抑制作用。
表2:对IL-1β分泌的抑制作用
化合物编号 | IC50(μM) |
1,2,3,5,7,10,11,14,17&29 | <0.5 |
4,6,8,9,12,13,15,16,18,19,20,21,22,23,28,36,38&39 | 0.5-5 |
实施例42
低氧诱导的大鼠皮质神经元细胞程序死亡
借助Rogers等人1997,Brain Res.Bulletin,44:131的工艺改进,从Wistar大鼠胚胎(E17)分离皮质神经元。简而言之,从15-20只Wistar大鼠胚胎无菌分离脑皮质。切碎脑皮质,用木瓜蛋白酶消化它们,制备细胞悬液。将细胞用类卵粘蛋白酶抑制剂和DNA酶I洗涤,平板接种在涂有Poly-D赖氨酸的平板上的高葡萄糖DMEM中,其中含有10%热灭活的胎牛血清、L-谷氨酰胺、青霉素和链霉素。每只胚胎的神经元收率为10x7,根据台盼蓝排除法测定存活率为80-90%。
在低氧实验之前,在37℃和常压下将神经元在完全培养基中培养48小时。就低氧而言,用缺氧无血清培养基代替正常细胞培养基。在95%N2/5%CO2气氛中将细胞温育不同长度的时间。将化合物溶于DMSO,浓度100mM,然后稀释在培养基中,从时间0时加入到培养物中。利用检测DNA片段化的细胞死亡检测ELISA试剂盒(Roche)测量细胞程序死亡的水平。在405nm下读取平板。对照组包括在需氧条件下、在含血清培养基(+血清)中培养的细胞和在需氧条件下、在缺血清培养基(-血清)中培养的细胞。
表3显示在低氧诱导的大鼠皮质神经元细胞程序死亡中分别测试的、所选择的本发明化合物活性的结果。
表3:在低氧诱导的细胞程序死亡测定法中的活性
化合物编号 | IC50(μM) |
2,5,10,11,12,13,15,17,20,22,38&39 | <1 |
1,3,4,6,7,8,9,14,16,18,19,21,24,29,30,31,34,35,36&37 | 1-10 |
实施例43
抗-Fas诱导的细胞程序死亡测定法
使Fas配体(FasL)与其受体CD95(Fas)结合,可以诱导细胞程序死亡。CD95是被称为死亡受体的有关受体家族之一,它们能够经由天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶级联的活化激发细胞的细胞程序死亡。衔接分子FADD/MORT-1与CD95受体-配体复合物的胞质结构域的结合引发该过程。天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-8然后结合FADD,变为活化,引发牵涉下游天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶活化和随后细胞程序死亡的事件级联。使用抗体而非FasL,也能在表达CD95的细胞中诱导细胞程序死亡,例如Jurkat E6.1T细胞淋巴瘤细胞系,使细胞表面CD95交联。经由天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-8的活化也激发抗-Fas-诱导的细胞程序死亡。这为筛选抑制天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-8-介导的细胞程序死亡途径的化合物提供了细胞类测定法的基础。
实验工艺
在由RPMI-1640(Sigma No)+10%胎牛血清(Gibco BRL No.10099-141)+2mM L-谷氨酰胺(Sigma No.G-7513)组成的完全培养基中培养Jurkat E6.1细胞。在对数生长期收获细胞。将100mL 5-8x105细胞/mL的细胞转移至无菌的50mL Falcon离心管,在100xg和室温下离心5分钟。除去上清液,合并细胞沉淀,重新悬浮在25mL完全培养基中。计数细胞,用完全培养基调节密度至2x106细胞/mL。
将供试化合物溶于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)(Sigma No.D-2650),得到100mM储备溶液。在完全培养基中稀释至400μM,然后系列稀释在96孔平板中,再加入到细胞测定平板中。
向无菌96孔圆底分组平板(Costar No.3790)的每孔加入100μL细胞悬液(2x106细胞)。向小孔加入50μL适当稀释的化合物溶液和50μL最终浓度10ng/mL的抗-Fas抗体CH-11克隆(Upstate,Cat No.1544675)。对照孔没有抗体和化合物,但是有DMSO的系列稀释液作为载体对照。在37℃、5%CO2和95%湿度下将平板温育16-18小时。
利用来自Roche diagnostics的“细胞死亡检测测定法”No.1544675,借助DNA片段化的量化测量细胞的细胞程序死亡。温育16-18小时后,在室温下将测定平板在100xg下离心5分钟。除去150μL上清液,用150μL新鲜完全培养基代替。然后收获细胞,向每孔加入200μL在测定试剂盒中供应的溶解缓冲液。研制细胞,以确保完全溶解,在4℃下温育30分钟。然后将平板在1900xg下离心10分钟,将上清液按1∶20稀释在所提供的温育缓冲液中。然后按照随试剂盒供应的厂商指导测定100μL该溶液。在SPECTRAmax Plus平板读数器(Molecular Devices)中加入最终底物后20分钟测量OD405nm。将OD405nm对化合物浓度作图,利用曲线适配程序SOFTmax Pro(Molecular Devices),采用四参数适配选项计算化合物的IC50值。在本测定法中测试了所选择的化合物,显示它们抑制Fas-诱导的Jurkat细胞的细胞程序死亡,IC50值在0.001μM与0.15μM之间。
表4:在Fas-诱导的细胞程序死亡测定法中的活性
化合物编号 | IC50(μM) |
1,2,4,5,7,11,13,17,18,19,22,25,27,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,37 | <0.5 |
26,28,36 | 0.5-2 |
尽管我们已经描述了本发明的一些实施方式,不过显然可以改变我们的基本实施例,以提供其它采用本发明化合物和方法的实施方式。因此,将被领会到的是本发明的范围受到所附权利要求而非由上述实施例代表的具体实施方式的限定。
Claims (35)
1.式I化合物:
其中:I
R1是R6C(O)-、HC(O)-、R6SO2-、R6OC(O)-、(R6)2NC(O)-、(R6)(H)NC(O)-、R6C(O)C(O)-、R6-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)-、R6(H)NC(O)C(O)-或R6OC(O)C(O)-;
R2是氢、-CF3、-卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R4是-COOH或-COOR8;
R5是-CH2F或-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中任意的环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN 、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R8任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代。
2.式I化合物:
其中:
R1是R6C(O)-、R6SO2-、R6OC(O)-、(R6)2NC(O)-、R6C(O)C(O)-、R6-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)-或R6OC(O)C(O)-;
R2是氢、-CF3、-卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R4是-COOH或-COOR8;
R5是-CH2F或-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N(H)、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN 、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的化合物,其中R5是-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的化合物,其中R5是-CH2F。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项的化合物,其中R1是R6C(O)-。
6.根据权利要求1-4任意一项的化合物,其中R1是R6SO2-。
7.根据权利要求1-4任意一项的化合物,其中R1是R6-。
8.根据权利要求1-4任意一项的化合物,其中R1是(R6)2NC(O)-。
9.根据权利要求1-4任意一项的化合物,其中R1是(R6)(H)NC(O)-。
10.根据权利要求1-4任意一项的化合物,其中R1是(R6)OC(O)-。
11.根据权利要求1-10任意一项的化合物,其中R6是(C1-C4)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团、(C3-C10)-杂环基、(C5-C10)-杂芳基、(C6-C10)-芳基-或(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团;其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R6是可选被取代的。
12.根据权利要求1-10任意一项的化合物,其中R6是(C1-C4)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-或(C6-C10)-芳基-,其中该杂芳基或芳基是可选被取代的,或者其中每个R6与N-原子一起是(C3-C7)-环脂族基团。
13.根据权利要求1-10任意一项的化合物,其中R6是(C1-C4)-脂族基团-或(C6-C10)-芳基-,其中该芳基是可选被取代的,或者其中每个R6与N-原子一起是(C3-C7)-环脂族基团。
14.根据权利要求1-13任意一项的化合物,其中该脂族基团是(C1-C4)-烷基-。
15.根据权利要求1-14任意一项的化合物,其中R2是氢、CF3或CH3。
16.根据权利要求1-15任意一项的化合物,其中R2是氢或CF3。
17.根据权利要求1-16任意一项的化合物,其中R3是(C1-C4)-烷基-。
18.根据权利要求1-17任意一项的化合物,其中R3是乙基。
19.选自表1的化合物。
20.药物组合物,包含:
a)根据权利要求1-19任意一项的化合物;和
b)药学上可接受的载体、助剂或赋形剂。
21.治疗患者IL-1介导的疾病、细胞程序死亡介导的疾病、炎性疾病、自体免疫疾病、破坏性骨病、增殖性病症、感染性疾病、变性疾病、与细胞死亡有关的疾病、病毒介导的疾病或肝病的方法,包含对该患者给予治疗有效量的根据权利要求1-19任意一项的化合物或根据权利要求20的药物组合物。
22.治疗患者类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、骨质疏松、系统性红斑狼疮、硬皮病、慢性甲状腺炎、格雷夫氏病、重症肌无力、自体免疫性中性白细胞减少、自体免疫性溶血性贫血、血小板减少、青少年类风湿性关节炎、痛风、贝切特氏综合征、斯提尔氏综合征、巨噬细胞活化综合征、肉样瘤病、Muckle-Wells综合征、家族性寒性荨麻疹、慢性婴幼儿神经病性皮肤与关节综合征、家族性地中海热、与TNFR1有关的周期综合征(TRAPS)、超-IgD周期热综合征(HIDS)、Blau氏综合征、牛皮癣、特应性皮炎、瘢痕形成、脱发、寻常痤疮、天疱疮、哮喘、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、囊性纤维变性、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺病、自发性肺纤维变性、炎性腹膜炎、炎性肠疾病、克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、自体免疫性胃炎、与幽门螺杆菌有关的胃与十二指肠溃疡疾病、糖尿病、胰腺炎、肾小球性肾炎、慢性活动型肝炎、过量饮食酒精摄取疾病、肾病、多囊性肾病、灼伤、灼伤损伤后的器官细胞程序死亡、出血性休克、器官衰竭、子宫内膜异位、移植物对宿主的疾病、器官移植排斥、白血病、脊髓发育不良综合征、多发性骨髓瘤-相关性骨病、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、转移性黑素瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、慢性心脏病、急性心脏病、心肌梗塞、心肌缺血、充血性心力衰竭、动脉粥样硬化、冠状动脉旁路移植物(CABG)、与冠状动脉旁路移植物有关的并发症、急性冠状综合征、阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、肯尼迪氏病、朊病毒疾病、脑缺血、癫痫、脊肌肉萎缩、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、多发性硬化、HIV-相关性脑炎、创伤性脑损伤、脊髓损伤、由中风引起的神经病学伤害、糖尿病性神经病、急性与慢性疼痛、眼色素层炎、视网膜障碍、糖尿病性视网膜病、青光眼、角膜炎、病毒介导的疾病、脓毒病、脓毒性休克、志贺氏菌病、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、庚型肝炎、黄热病、登革热、日本脑炎、HIV感染、结核、脑膜炎、假单胞菌感染、不动杆菌感染或衰老的方法,包含对该患者给予治疗有效量的根据权利要求1-19任意一项的化合物或根据权利要求20的药物组合物。
23.根据权利要求22的方法,其中该疾病是骨关节炎、胰腺炎、哮喘、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、肾小球性肾炎、类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、硬皮病、慢性甲状腺炎、格雷夫氏病、自体免疫性胃炎、胰岛素-依赖性糖尿病(I型)、自体免疫性溶血性贫血、自体免疫性中性白细胞减少、血小板减少、慢性活动型肝炎、重症肌无力、炎性肠疾病、克罗恩氏病、牛皮癣、移植物对宿主的疾病、骨质疏松、多发性骨髓瘤-相关性骨病、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、转移性黑素瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、脓毒病、脓毒性休克、志贺氏菌病、脑缺血、心肌缺血、脊肌肉萎缩或由中风引起的神经病学伤害。
24.根据权利要求22的方法,其中所述疾病是与冠状动脉旁路移植物有关的并发症。
25.抑制患者天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-介导的功能的方法,包含对该患者给予治疗有效量的根据权利要求1-19任意一项的化合物或根据权利要求20的药物组合物。
26.减少患者IGIF或IFN-γ产生的方法,包含对该患者给予治疗有效量的根据权利要求1-19任意一项的化合物或根据权利要求20的药物组合物。
27.保存细胞的方法,所述方法包含在根据权利要求1-19任意一项的化合物的溶液中浸泡细胞的步骤。
28.根据权利要求27的方法,其中所述细胞在:
a)供移植的器官中;或者在
b)血液制品中。
29.利用免疫疗法治疗癌症的方法,其中所述免疫疗法包含根据权利要求1-19任意一项的化合物作为其组分。
30.根据权利要求20-29任意一项的方法,其中该方法包含给予另外的治疗剂。
31.制备式(I)化合物的方法:
R1是R6C(O)-、HC(O)-、R6SO2-、R6OC(O)-、(R6)2NC(O)-、(R6)(H)NC(O)-、R6C(O)C(O)-、R6-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)-、R6(H)NC(O)C(O)-或R6OC(O)C(O)-;
R2是氢、CF3、卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R4是-COOH或-COOR8;
R5是-CH2F或-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中任意的环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R8任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
包括:
(a)在偶联条件和溶剂的存在下,使式(III)化合物:
其中:
R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10、-CN、R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-;
R10独立地是氢、(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N(H)、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R10任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R、R2、R3和R6是如上所定义的;
与式(IV)化合物反应:
其中Y是羰基或OH基团;R4和R5是如上所定义的;
其条件是如果Y是OH基团,那么该方法进一步包括(b)氧化该OH基团,得到式(I)化合物;
其条件是如果R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN,那么该方法包括进一步将-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN转化为R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-的步骤。
32.根据权利要求31的方法,其中该式(III)化合物:
其中:
R2是氢、-CF3、-卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10、-CN、R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中任意的环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN 、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R8任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
是借助这样一种方法制备的,包括:
(c)在溶剂中,在去保护条件的存在下,使式(V)化合物反应:
其中:
R10独立地是氢、(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;
R、R2、R3和R9是如上所定义的。
34.制备式(VIII)化合物的方法:
其中:
R2是CF3、-Cl、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10、-CN、R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-;
R10独立地是氢、(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N(H)、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R10任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中任意的环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN 、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R8任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
包括下列步骤:
(e)在溶剂和碱的存在下,使式(IX)化合物:
其中R2和R9是如上所定义的;
与式(VII)化合物反应:
其中R3和R10是如上所定义的;
X是适合的离去基团。
35.制备式(I)化合物的方法:
其中:
R1是R6C(O)-、R6SO2-、R6OC(O)-、(R6)2NC(O)-、(R6)(H)NC(O)-、R6C(O)C(O)-、R6-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)-、R6(H)NC(O)C(O)-或R6OC(O)C(O)-;
R2是氢、-CF3、-卤代基、-OR7、-NO2、-OCF3、-CN或R8;
R3是氢或(C1-C4)-脂族基团-;
R4是-COOH或-COOR8;
R5是-CH2F或-CH2O-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基;
R6是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,或者与相同原子结合的两个R6基团与该原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,其中任意的环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替,其中R6被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
R是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
两个R7基团与它们所结合的原子一起构成3-至10-元芳族或非芳族环,具有至多3个独立选自N、N(R)、O、S、SO或SO2的杂原子,其中该环任选地与(C6-C10)芳基、(C5-C10)杂芳基、(C3-C10)环烷基或(C3-C10)杂环基稠合,其中任意的环具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;或者
每个R7独立地选自:
氢-,
(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-,
(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C3-C10)-杂环基-,
(C6-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)脂族基团-,
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-,或者
(C5-C10)-杂芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-;
其中R7具有至多3个独立选自J2的取代基;
J2是卤素、-OR7、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3、-R7、氧代基、硫代基、=NR7、=N(OR7)、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、-N(R7)2、-SR7、-SOR7、-SO2R7、-SO2N(R7)2、-SO3R7、-C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)R7、-C(O)C(O)OR7、-C(O)C(O)N(R7)2、-C(O)CH2C(O)R7、-C(S)R7、-C(S)OR7、-C(O)OR7、-OC(O)R7、-C(O)N(R7)2、-OC(O)N(R7)2、-C(S)N(R7)2、-(CH2)0-2NHC(O)R7、-N(R7)N(R7)COR7、-N(R7)N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)N(R7)CON(R7)2、-N(R7)SO2R7、-N(R7)SO2N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(O)OR7、-N(R7)C(O)R7、-N(R7)C(S)R7、-N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2、-N(R7)C(S)N(R7)2、-N(COR7)COR7、-N(OR7)R7、-CN、-C(=NH)N(R7)2、-C(O)N(OR7)R7、-C(=NOR7)R7、-OP(O)(OR7)2、-P(O)(R7)2、-P(O)(OR7)2或-P(O)(H)(OR7);
R8是(C1-C12)-脂族基团-(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-、(C5-C10)-杂芳基-、(C3-C10)-环脂族基团-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C6-C10)-芳基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-、(C3-C10)-杂环基-(C1-C12)-脂族基团-或(C5-C10)-杂芳基(C1-C12)-脂族基团-,其中至多3个脂族碳原子可以被选自O、N、N(R)、S、SO和SO2的基团代替;其中R8任选地被至多6个独立选自R的取代基取代;
包括:
(a)在偶联条件和溶剂的存在下,使式(III)化合物:
其中:
R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10、-CN、R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-;
R2、R10和R6是如上所定义的;
与式(X)化合物反应:
其中Y是羰基或OH基团;
R3、R4和R5是如上所定义的;
其条件是如果Y是OH基团,那么该方法进一步包括(b)氧化该OH基团,得到式(I)化合物;
其条件是如果R9是-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN,那么该方法包括进一步将-NO2、-C(O)OR10或-CN转化为R6C(O)N(H)-、R6SO2N(H)-、R6OC(O)N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)N(H)-、R6C(O)C(O)N(H)-、R6N(H)-、(R6)2NC(O)C(O)N(H)-或R6OC(O)C(O)N(H)-的步骤。
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