CN101746037A - 螺旋式机器 - Google Patents

螺旋式机器 Download PDF

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CN101746037A
CN101746037A CN200910253350A CN200910253350A CN101746037A CN 101746037 A CN101746037 A CN 101746037A CN 200910253350 A CN200910253350 A CN 200910253350A CN 200910253350 A CN200910253350 A CN 200910253350A CN 101746037 A CN101746037 A CN 101746037A
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housing
screw machine
transmission mechanism
longitudinal axis
machine according
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CN101746037B (zh
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R·里勒
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Coperion GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/266—Means for allowing relative movements between the apparatus parts, e.g. for twisting the extruded article or for moving the die along a surface to be coated
    • B29C48/2665—Means for allowing relative movements between the apparatus parts, e.g. for twisting the extruded article or for moving the die along a surface to be coated allowing small relative movement, e.g. adjustments for aligning the apparatus parts or for compensating for thermal expansion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/682—Barrels or cylinders for twin screws

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种螺旋式机器、特别是挤出机，其具有壳体(1)，该壳体包括位于进料端的进料口(37)。设有具有纵轴线(7)的至少一个孔(11，12)，在该孔中可旋转地布置有螺旋轴(13，14)。借助于驱动电机利用传动机构(16)进行驱动，传动机构的输出轴(18)旋转驱动地连接于螺旋轴(13，14)。在壳体(1)和传动机构(16)之间设有一滑动连接结构(24)，该滑动连接结构允许壳体(1)相对于传动机构(16)在纵轴线(7)的方向上移动。

Description

螺旋式机器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种螺旋式机器(screw machine)，该螺旋式机器包括壳体、至少一个位于具有一纵轴线的壳体中的螺旋孔、能旋转地布置在螺旋孔中的螺旋轴、驱动电机和传动机构，该壳体具有进料端、排出端和在进料端的进料口，该传动机构与驱动电机驱动连接并具有连接于螺旋轴的输出轴。
背景技术
这种螺旋式机器特别在启动时被从室温加热至很高的工作温度，该工作温度通常在200℃至300℃之间，所以相应的壳体和螺旋轴、或在多轴机器的情况下是多个螺旋轴沿纵向方向膨胀。不能相对转动地设置在传动机构输出轴上的螺旋轴在此朝向其螺旋尖端、即朝向壳体的排出端膨胀。这可容易地实现，因为在螺旋尖端和壳体排出端之间的区域中总是有轴向间隙。通常在实践中对壳体由于热引起的膨胀可这样进行补偿：在排出端设置滑动连接结构，这例如从EP 0 849 065 A1(对应于US 5,865,472)已知。
出于工作或结构的原因，常常还需要将壳体的排出端在纵轴线方向上固定。由此就产生这样的问题：壳体的轴向膨胀必须由传动机构和可选地由布置在传动机构后的电机吸收。为此，在实践中为传动机构和可选的驱动电机使用复杂的多球支承件以便传动机构和可选的驱动电机可作为一整体移动。
由US 2006/0076705A1已知一种常规类型的螺旋式机器。为了补偿由于热引起的纵向膨胀，在螺旋式机器的壳体和传动机构的附装壳体之间提供一空隙，使螺旋式机器的壳体可朝向传动机构热膨胀。但是不能由此结构实现传动机构与螺旋式机器的壳体之间的限定的位置。
由EP 1 990 176 A1已知在挤出机与连接于挤出机的熔化管路之间构造一滑动连接结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是以这样的方式构造一种螺旋式机器，从而能以简单的方式补偿壳体的纵向膨胀。
此目的在常规类型的螺旋式机器中这样实现：其中在纵轴线的方向上在壳体和传动机构之间布置有一滑动连接结构；该滑动连接结构具有一适配器，该适配器具有一连接于壳体的螺旋孔部分和一面向传动机构的支承部分；在传动机构上设有一包围所述输出轴的附装壳体，该附装壳体具有相对于纵轴线横向地支承壳体的支承开口。本发明的核心在于：沿螺旋式机器的生产方向观察紧接在壳体前、即紧接在机器的进料端前布置有一滑动连接结构，通过该滑动连接结构可吸收并补偿由于热引起的壳体纵向膨胀。同时，在螺旋式机器的壳体和传动机构之间存在垂直于纵轴线的相互支撑。
附图说明
此外，通过以下借助附图对实施例的描述可知本发明的其它特征、优点和细节。
图1示出构造成双轴挤出机的螺旋式机器的侧面纵向视图，
图2示出根据图1的螺旋式机器在从其壳体向传动机构的过渡区中的竖直纵向局部剖视图，
图3示出根据图2的过渡区的适配器的透视图，和
图4示出该适配器的另一透视图。
具体实施方式
附图中示出的螺旋式机器是常规的挤出机。此挤出机具有壳体1，该壳体1包括多个单独的壳体部分2、即所谓的壳体部段，所述各壳体部分通过凸缘3相互连接。壳体1通过支撑件4支承在基座5上，在支撑件4和壳体1之间布置有滑动支承件6，壳体1可借助于该滑动支承件在壳体1的纵轴线7的方向上移动。这样通过支撑件4产生大致沿竖直方向的支承。在排出端9的区域中，该排出端在生产方向8上位于下游，通过连接部10在竖直方向上且在纵轴线7的方向上固定壳体1。从而该壳体1的排出端9被稳定地固定。
螺旋式机器构造成双轴挤出机，即具有两个螺旋孔11、12，该螺旋孔在相互平行的纵轴线7的方向上延伸且以“8”的形状相互接合，两个螺旋轴13、14在所述螺旋孔中布置成彼此平行且构造成紧密啮合。
螺旋轴13、14被电机15和减速分动传动机构16驱动，在电机15和传动机构16之间布置有一离合器17。传动机构16的输出轴18以常规的方式借助于一接合套19连接于螺旋轴13、14的驱动轴颈20。这些接合套19位于传动机构16的附装壳体21、即所谓的笼罩(lantern)中。此附装壳体21还借助于支撑件22在竖直方向上支承在基座5上。
壳体1——即最接近附装壳体21且形成进料端的壳体部分2——并非如常规那样在纵轴线7的方向上刚性地连接于附装壳体21，而是通过一滑动连接结构24在纵轴线7的方向上、在其面对的端壁23中被可移动地引导，并相对于该纵轴线7垂直地、即在竖直方向和相对于纵轴线7横向地水平延伸的方向上刚性支承。
为此，通过螺钉26将一适配器25紧固于上述的与附装壳体部分21相邻的壳体部分2的凸缘3上。适配器25具有两部分，即与相邻的壳体部分2相邻的螺旋孔部分27和支承部分28。螺旋孔11、12各自的起点/开端设置在螺旋孔部分27中，该螺旋孔部分27通过螺钉26连接于相邻的壳体部分2，由图2可推知螺旋轴13、14伸入螺旋孔11、12中。在支承部分28中形成支承孔29、30，螺旋轴13、14的驱动轴颈20可旋转地安装在所述支承孔29、30中并通过例如盖压填料的密封件32密封。
支承部分28以能移动的方式在(纵)轴线的方向上安装在附装壳体21的端壁23中的适配的支承开口33上，但是垂直于该轴线地被支承。此外，配合键34附装于支承部分28，该配合键在端壁23中的相应的导槽35中被引导。
在适配器25的螺旋孔部分27中，从螺旋孔11、12导出一后部换气通道36。在生产方向8上紧邻在该换气通道36的后面，在第一相邻壳体部分中构造有一用于在螺旋式机器中制备或处理的物料的进料口37。
工作原理如下：
特别是由于启动时的加热，螺旋轴13、14和壳体1都大大膨胀，这是由于从室温迅速升至高于200℃、甚至高于300℃的温度。常规地在纵轴线7的方向上相对于传动机构16固定的螺旋轴13、14朝向壳体1的端部9的方向、即朝向其螺旋尖端(未示出)的方向膨胀，这与现有技术相同。壳体1在其排出端9的区域中构造成，使得螺旋轴13、14可在壳体1中向其端部膨胀。
另一方面，该壳体1因为所述的构造而朝向传动机构16的方向膨胀，在螺旋孔部分27和端壁23之间的最大轴向间隙38具有这样的尺寸，使得支承部分28可在支承开口33中朝向传动机构16在足够大的范围内移动。

Claims (8)

1.一种螺旋式机器，包括：
-壳体(1)，该壳体具有
--进料端，
--排出端(9)和
--在所述进料端处的进料口(37)，
-至少一个位于带有纵轴线(7)的所述壳体(1)中的螺旋孔(11，12)，
-能旋转地布置在所述螺旋孔(11，12)中的螺旋轴(13，14)，
-驱动电机(15)，
-传动机构(16)，
--该传动机构(16)与所述驱动电机(15)驱动连接，
--该传动机构(16)具有连接于所述螺旋轴(13，14)的输出轴(18)，
其特征在于，
在所述纵轴线(7)的方向上在所述壳体(1)和所述传动机构(16)之间布置有一滑动连接结构(24)；
所述滑动连接结构(24)具有一适配器(25)，该适配器具有一连接于所述壳体(1)的螺旋孔部分(27)和一面向所述传动机构(16)的支承部分(28)；
在所述传动机构(16)上设有一包围所述输出轴(18)的附装壳体(21)，所述附装壳体具有相对于纵轴线(7)横向地支承所述壳体(1)的支承开口(33)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋式机器，其特征在于，所述适配器(25)的支承部分(28)以能在纵轴线(7)的方向上移动的方式支承在所述支承开口(33)中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋式机器，其特征在于，所述螺旋轴(13，14)以不能在所述纵轴线(7)的方向上移动的方式连接于输出轴(18)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋式机器，其特征在于，所述螺旋轴(13，14)伸进所述适配器(25)的螺旋孔部分(27)中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋式机器，其特征在于，所述螺旋轴(13，14)的驱动轴颈(20)安装在所述适配器(25)的支承孔(29，30)中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋式机器，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)的排出端(9)能在所述纵轴线(7)的方向上固定。
7.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋式机器，其特征在于，所述螺旋式机器是双轴挤出机。
8.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋式机器，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)通过支撑件(4)支承在基座(5)上；
在所述支承件(4)和所述壳体(1)之间布置有滑动支承件(6)，借助于所述滑动支承件(6)使所述壳体(1)能在所述纵轴线(7)的方向上相对于所述支撑件(4)移动。
CN2009102533508A 2008-12-06 2009-12-07 螺旋式机器 Expired - Fee Related CN101746037B (zh)

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EP08021246A EP2193907B1 (de) 2008-12-06 2008-12-06 Schnecken-Maschine mit axialem Ausgleich für thermische Ausdehnung
EP08021246.7 2008-12-06

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CN101746037B CN101746037B (zh) 2012-12-12

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EP (1) EP2193907B1 (zh)
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AT (1) ATE509754T1 (zh)

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JP2014133389A (ja) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-24 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd ２軸異方向回転押出機
ES2655468T3 (es) * 2014-05-22 2018-02-20 Coperion Gmbh Dispositivo y procedimiento para la desgasificación de material que va a procesarse
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US8500433B2 (en) 2013-08-06
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CN101746037B (zh) 2012-12-12
US20100143518A1 (en) 2010-06-10
EP2193907B1 (de) 2011-05-18
JP2010131673A (ja) 2010-06-17
JP5380256B2 (ja) 2014-01-08

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