CN101743418B - 分层的金属垫圈 - Google Patents

分层的金属垫圈 Download PDF

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CN101743418B
CN101743418B CN200880024389.6A CN200880024389A CN101743418B CN 101743418 B CN101743418 B CN 101743418B CN 200880024389 A CN200880024389 A CN 200880024389A CN 101743418 B CN101743418 B CN 101743418B
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graphite
cap gasket
layer
gasket
steel
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CN101743418A (zh
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A·费纳罗利
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SEVAL Srl
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
    • F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
    • F16J15/125—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement generally perpendicular to the surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
    • F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
    • F16J15/122—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement generally parallel to the surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
    • Y10T156/1074—Separate cutting of separate sheets or webs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种头部垫圈(1)，其包括多个刀片或圆形冠状圆盘，所述刀片或圆盘通过金属刀片(2)和非金属刀片(3)的交替彼此一个叠置在另一个之上，所述刀片通过将粘合剂布置在每对连续的所述刀片之间而保持在一起，其特征在于，所述粘合剂以喷射的形式被施加。

Description

分层的金属垫圈
技术领域
本发明涉及一种革新的金属盖垫密片(head gasket)，其具有高的密封性能并且能够在高温下保持锁定扭矩。本发明还涉及相关的制造方法。
背景技术
已知现有技术中存在多种的金属盖垫密片。这些垫圈是适于确保对流体密封的元件，其中流体可以是液体或气体，这些垫圈在机械部件，例如阀门、机械元件、内燃机等中具有多种用途。垫圈由多个交替的金属层和非金属层的堆叠组成，所述金属层和非金属层之间布置有粘合剂层。例如，日本专利JP6081956公开了一种用于由金属层构成的机动车发动机的盖垫密片，该垫圈涂有铬基层，其上又涂有橡胶粘合剂层。粘合剂由进一步的抗热橡胶层和二硫化钼层保护，抗热橡胶层和二硫化钼层涂有润滑剂。另一方面，日本专利JP619137公开了一种由金属层构成的盖垫密片，其上涂有橡胶粘合剂层。橡胶粘合剂层由进一步的泡沫橡胶层保护，泡沫橡胶层的原料聚合物与粘合剂层的原料聚合物相同。
用于阀门，尤其用于蝶形阀的盖垫密片被广泛地应用：它们由一组以薄片状(或圆冠形)形式、交替布置的金属层和非金属层构成，其中基底金属是钢，优选为不锈钢，非金属材料为石墨或聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或类似物。金属盖垫密片的例子在附图1中的2个视图示出。大约6-7百毫米厚的粘合剂薄膜布置在接触的片材之间，以便避免片材相对于彼此的滑动。
然而，所有公知的应用在确保高温密封时都具有局限性。这种限定被设置在大约200℃左右，因为在高于上述温度的情况下，粘合剂薄膜被软化，软化导致粘合功能的丧失，从而导致不同片材相对于彼此的滑动，结果造成整个组件的密封的丧失。随着温度的增加，粘合剂层实际上趋于使得损失的重量和厚度分解。所有这些都将导致锁定扭矩的减小。
发明内容
本发明的目的是限定一种盖垫密片及其制造方法，该盖垫密片消除了上述缺陷，从而允许盖垫密片在高于现有的温度下使用。
本发明还涉及一种盖垫密片的组合物，其改善了一般情况在低温下的密封。
本发明的目的通过独立权利要求1的技术方案获得，独立权利要求1涉及一种盖垫密片，其包括多个金属和非金属的圆形冠，圆形冠由粘合装置彼此交替地保持在一起，其中，粘合剂以喷射的形式被施加。这样，当在高温下操作时，没有厚度的损失。而且，本发明使用了高密度石墨作为非金属材料以便减小孔隙率，结果改善了盖垫密片在低温下的密封能力。
本发明的这些和其他优点在本发明的下面的详细描述中变得更加显而易见，而不用具体地引用表1-1，其中描述了本发明的一对优选实施例，但是这些实施例不是用于限定的目的。
附图说明
图1是本发明的盖垫密片的一部分的视图；
图2示出了盖垫密片的第二类型的已知为柔性石墨(graphoil)垫圈的部分视图；
图3示意地示出了图1和2的两种垫圈的应用。
具体实施方式
盖垫密片1的优选实施例在图1中示出。该盖垫密片包括多个片材，或者圆冠形的圆盘，这些圆盘通过交替的金属2和非金属3彼此一个叠置在另一个之上。金属片材2由钢，优选为不锈钢构成，而非金属片材3由石墨或PTFE构成。根据优选实施例，石墨是高密度类型的石墨，其密度尤其大于1.5g/cm3。较高的密度使得石墨具有较低的孔隙率，这阻止了内部泄漏，因此改善了盖垫密片的密封能力。片材通过在每对连续的片材之间布置粘合剂而被保持在一起，其中粘合剂以喷射的形式被施加。该喷射的粘合剂由天然胶粘剂和树脂在下列物质中的分散液构成：石脑油(＜50％)、环己烷(＜25％)、液化丙烷气(25％)、异丁烷(＜25％)和丙酮(＜10％)。喷射的粘合剂的均匀应用不会产生遭受高温分解的厚度。因此，盖垫密片可以在高温下工作，而不会担心有密封和/或锁定扭矩的损失。
工作方法由下列步骤组成。首先，切割板，优选地由激光技术进行切割，以便形成圆形或其他的形状，然后板被修整和粗加工。同时，切割石墨。钢和石墨层通过交替地将一个堆叠在另一个之上并且通过压杆(striker)4将钢和石墨对准而组装。然后，粘合剂被均匀地喷射。最终，进行冷模制，从而获得最终的产品。
因此，制成的密封垫圈能够承受高温并且可获得的实验数据表明温度可高达430℃。
高密度的石墨的使用还改善了第二种类型的垫圈，即柔性石墨垫圈5的密封，其中的一个实例由图2示出。在该类型的垫圈中，片材由连续的具有特定成型轮廓的金属材料条和以可控的速度以螺旋形式均匀地缠绕连续的高密度条构成，图中的实例代表双螺旋，以便确保弹性回复。
考虑到这些垫圈的弹性，这些垫圈尤其用于确保在可变温度和压力条件下的完美密封，从而通过弹性地回复由材料膨胀引起的直线移动而保持密封。
所述两种垫圈的一个实践应用是蝶形阀，其确保蝶形阀6的圆盘和阀座7之间在蝶形阀密封状态下的密封。如图3所示，两个垫圈，即盖垫密片1和柔性石墨垫圈5结合作用，这首先确保径向密封8，其后确保轴向密封9。

Claims (6)

1.一种盖垫密片，其包括多个片材或圆形冠状圆盘，所述片材或圆盘通过金属片材(2)和非金属片材(3)的交替彼此一个叠置在另一个之上，所述片材通过将粘合剂布置在每对连续的所述片材之间而保持在一起，所述粘合剂以喷射的形式施加，其特征在于，所述粘合剂是喷射粘合剂，该喷射粘合剂由天然胶粘剂和树脂在下列物质中的分散液构成：小于50％石脑油、小于25％的环己烷、25％的液化丙烷气、小于25％的异丁烷和小于10％的丙酮。
2.如权利要求1所述的盖垫密片，其特征在于，所述金属片材(2)由钢构成，所述非金属片材(3)由石墨或PTFE构成。
3.如权利要求2所述的盖垫密片，其特征在于，所述钢为不锈钢。
4.如权利要求2所述的盖垫密片，其特征在于，所述石墨为高密度类型的石墨，其密度大于1.5g/cm3。
5.用于制造如前述权利要求中任一项所述的盖垫密片的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：
切割板，其由激光技术进行切割；
修整和粗加工所述板；
切割石墨；
通过交替地将钢层和石墨层一个堆叠在另一个之上并且通过压杆(4)将钢层和石墨层对准来组装钢层和石墨层；
均匀地和均一地喷射粘合剂；
进行冷模制。
6.一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的盖垫密片的用途，所述盖垫密片和柔性石墨垫圈应用于蝶形阀，以便确保蝶形阀(6)的圆盘和阀座(7)之间的密封，所述柔性石墨垫圈由连续的具有特定成型轮廓的金属材料条和以可控的速度以螺旋形式均匀地缠绕的高密度石墨条构成，两个垫圈、即盖垫密片(1)和柔性石墨垫圈(5)结合作用，首先确保径向密封(8)，然后确保轴向密封(9)。
CN200880024389.6A 2007-07-12 2008-06-19 分层的金属垫圈 Expired - Fee Related CN101743418B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO2007A000519 2007-07-12
IT000519A ITTO20070519A1 (it) 2007-07-12 2007-07-12 Guarnizioni metalliche lamellari e procedimento di produzione
PCT/IT2008/000413 WO2009008022A1 (en) 2007-07-12 2008-06-19 Layered metallic gasket

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CN101743418A CN101743418A (zh) 2010-06-16
CN101743418B true CN101743418B (zh) 2013-03-27

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US (1) US20100133755A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2176574B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2010533272A (zh)
CN (1) CN101743418B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0814724A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2707438C (zh)
HU (1) HUE035140T2 (zh)
IT (1) ITTO20070519A1 (zh)
SI (1) SI2176574T1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2009008022A1 (zh)

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JP6256117B2 (ja) * 2014-03-11 2018-01-10 Nok株式会社 密封装置

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CA2707438A1 (en) 2009-01-15
CA2707438C (en) 2012-08-07
SI2176574T1 (en) 2018-03-30
BRPI0814724A2 (pt) 2019-04-09
EP2176574A1 (en) 2010-04-21
US20100133755A1 (en) 2010-06-03
EP2176574B1 (en) 2017-08-02
CN101743418A (zh) 2010-06-16
ITTO20070519A1 (it) 2009-01-14
JP2010533272A (ja) 2010-10-21
WO2009008022A1 (en) 2009-01-15
HUE035140T2 (en) 2018-05-02

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