CN101743353B - 通过等离子体接枝聚合使物品具有耐液性的方法 - Google Patents
通过等离子体接枝聚合使物品具有耐液性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101743353B CN101743353B CN2008800249074A CN200880024907A CN101743353B CN 101743353 B CN101743353 B CN 101743353B CN 2008800249074 A CN2008800249074 A CN 2008800249074A CN 200880024907 A CN200880024907 A CN 200880024907A CN 101743353 B CN101743353 B CN 101743353B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种保护物品不致因吸收液体而增重的方法,所述方法包括使所述物品暴露于气态等离子体足够长的时间以在所述物品的表面上产生保护层,特别是聚合物层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保护物品,尤其是衣服类物品或鞋类物品不致因吸收液体而增重的方法。特别是,本发明涉及保护物品,尤其是衣服类物品或鞋类物品不致因吸收液体而增重的方法,所述方法包括使所述物品暴露于气态等离子体足够长的时间以在所述物品的表面上形成聚合物层。
背景技术
诸如Dupont、Clariant、3M、Asahi和Daikin等公司已经生产出可施用于布卷的拒液化学品,所述布卷包括下述材料:合成聚合物如聚丙烯、聚酯和尼龙,天然纤维如棉花、纤维素和皮革。这些技术提供了具有极好的耐油性和耐水性的材料,并且这些材料还能够使染色降至最小程度。这些处理往往被称为持久防水处理(DWR)。
制作服装和鞋类等产品以提供一定程度的拒液性或使其具有防水性时,很可能所用的主要成分之一是已经通过使用DMR而具有防水性的材料。另外,这些DWR修整可施用于一系列广泛的产品,如帐篷、雨伞、睡袋、遮篷,以及多种提供良好的整体拒液保护的其他户外或保护性材料。
已经研究的可赋予拒液性的其他方法包括制作后洗涤法和对制品应用喷雾。
尽管布卷可由以上描述的方式进行处理以提供高水平的防水性,但这些材料必须随后被制作成产品。在诸如服装或鞋类等产品的情况中,还需要诸如接缝、纽扣、饰带、拉链、鞋底、衬里、鞋垫等等其他部件。这些另外的部件本身也许并不固有拒液性,或者由于诸如不利的溶液能量学或与所述方法物理不相容等因素所致很难赋予这些部件拒液性。此外,如缝纫等制作产品所涉及的过程本身会使产品中产生更多的区域,这些区域将不能提供最终用户所需的保护水平。例如,水通过服装或鞋类的接缝进入会使产品对于穿戴者来说不可接受。
以鞋类为例,由于如因美学需要或空气流动需要而在材料中所需的孔洞等多种设计方案,或者材料和粘合技术的选择所致,通常设计鞋子的方式无法施用常规的DWR以提供良好的保护性。另一个问题,也往往是更重要的问题是,鞋子整体的吸水量增多会导致重量明显增加,尤其是在潮湿条件下更是如此。因此,穿戴者不得不耗费更多的能量以携带此刻存在于鞋中以及吸附在材料上的水的大量额外的重量。当使用诸如隔膜等物理屏障(例如商标名为Sympatex、Gore-tex和event的那些)时,即对覆盖隔膜的上部材料可能施用也可能未施用DWR,也会发生上述情况。此处,水会渗透并在外部的上层织物与隔膜之间累积,因此增加了重量。
声称具有最高等级的“耐水性”的使用隔膜的鞋类或服装总是由经DWR的外层织物以某种形式缝接或连接所述鞋或服装的其余部分而构成,并且极为依赖于此以维持透气性和舒适性。尽管隔膜的完整性可防止水进入鞋类的空隙或服装的内部,但是仍可能发生该外层的渗水,导致大量的重量增加。
洗涤法和喷雾法的有效性随所用材料的不同而对于不同产品各不相同。在完全覆盖物品方面也存在困难,仅留有一小部分未被保护也会导致大量的液体进入,由此削弱了已经实现的保护。
因而,仍然需要不断改进各种方法以提供对于诸如鞋类和服装等物品的处理,所述方法提供了适当的耐液保护,还避免了因吸收液体导致的增重,由此减轻了穿戴者的负担。
等离子体沉积技术已经相当广泛地应用于在各种表面,尤其是织物表面上进行聚合物涂层的沉积。该技术被认为是清洁的干式技术,相比于传统的湿式化学法其产生的废物很少。使用该方法,由被施加电场的有机分子产生等离子体。在底物的存在下这样做时,处于等离子体形式的化合物的自由基聚合在所述底物上。传统的聚合物合成倾向于制得包含与单体物种极为相似的重复单元的结构,而使用等离子体生成的聚合物网可极为复杂。所得涂层的性质取决于底物的性质以及所用单体的性质和沉积条件。
发明内容
本发明人已经发现,通过使用等离子体增强技术,不仅可以获得高度的耐液保护,而且相较于未被处理的对照物来说经等离子体增强的物品还显示出完成物品的明显减少的水分吸收。气相使得复杂的三维最终产品能够被充分渗透,离子化使得拒液官能团能够附着于产品的所有部件,而不论部件由何种材料构成。这样获得了具有最小吸水性的分子定制产品,因而穿戴者“携带”较少的重量,从而降低能量消耗。
因此,本发明提供一种保护物品不致因吸收液体而增重的方法,所述方法包括使所述物品暴露于气态等离子体足够长的时间以在所述物品的表面上产生保护层。
此处使用的表述“处于气态”是指单独一种或者为混合物的气体或蒸汽,以及气溶胶。
表述“保护层”是指提供一些针对液体损害的保护,尤其是拒液(拒油和拒水)保护的层,尤其是聚合物层。物品保护所针对的液体的来源包括环境液体如水,尤其是雨水,以及任何其他可能偶然溢溅的油或液体。
本发明的方法可适当地应用于鞋类物品或服装物品,特别是用于体育活动的鞋类或服装物品,例如跑鞋或训练鞋。
可适当地使用经等离子体聚合而在物品的表面上形成拒水性聚合物涂层的任何单体化合物或气体。可使用的适宜的单体包括本领域公知的能够通过等离子体聚合而在底物上产生拒水性聚合物涂层的那些单体,例如包括:具有反应性官能团的含碳化合物,尤其是基本上以-CF3为主的全氟化合物(参见WO 97/38801)、全氟烯烃(Wang等,Chem Mater 1996,2212-2214)、含有/不含有卤素原子的含氢的不饱和化合物或至少有10个碳原子的全卤代有机化合物(参见WO 98/58117)、含有两个双键的有机化合物(WO 99/64662)、具有经取代/未取代的至少5个碳原子的烷基链(可选地插入有杂原子)的饱和有机化合物(WO 00/05000)、取代/未取代的炔烃(WO 00/20130)、聚醚取代的烯烃(US 6,482,531B)和包含至少一个杂原子的大环(US 6,329,024B),以上所有文献的内容均以引用的方式在此引入。
优选的是,所述物品设置有通过使该物品暴露于包含式(I)化合物的等离子体足够长的时间以在所述物品的表面上形成保护性聚合物层而形成的聚合物涂层:
其中R1、R2和R3独立地选自氢、烷基、卤代烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基;R4是基团X-R5,其中R5是烷基或卤代烷基,X是键;式-C(O)O-、-C(O)O(CH2)nY-的基团,其中n是1~10的整数,Y是键或磺酰胺基团;或者基团-(O)pR6(O)q(CH2)t-,其中R6是具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基,p是0或1,q是0或1,t是0或1~10的整数,而且q为1时t不为0。
用于R1、R2、R3和R5的适宜的卤代烷基是氟烷基。烷基链可以是直链或支链,并且可以包含环状部分。
对于R5,烷基链适宜地包含2个以上碳原子,适宜为2~20个碳原子,优选为6~12个碳原子。
对于R1、R2和R3,烷基链通常优选具有1~6个碳原子。
R5优选为卤代烷基,更优选为全卤代烷基,特别是式CmF2m+1的全氟烷基,其中m是1以上的整数,适宜为1~20,优选为4~12,例如4、6或8。
用于R1、R2和R3的适宜烷基具有1~6个碳原子。
在一个实施方式中,R1、R2和R3中的至少一个为氢。在特定的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3均为氢。而在另外的实施方式中R3是甲基或丙基等烷基。
X是基团-C(O)O-、-C(O)O(CH2)nY-时,n是提供适当间隔基团的整数。特别是,n为1~5,优选约为2。
用于Y的适宜的磺酰胺基团包括式-N(R7)SO2-的那些基团,其中R7是氢或烷基如C1-4烷基,特别是甲基或乙基。
在一个实施方式中,式(I)化合物是式(II)化合物:
CH2=CH-R5 (II)
其中R5如上关于式(I)所定义。
在式(II)化合物中,式(I)中的X是键。
不过在优选的实施方式中,式(I)化合物是式(III)的丙烯酸酯:
CH2=CR7C(O)O(CH2)nR5 (III)
其中n和R5如上关于式(I)所定义,R7是氢、C1-10烷基或C1-10卤代烷基。特别是,R7是氢或C1-6烷基如甲基。式(III)化合物的特定例是式(IV)化合物:
其中R7如上所定义,特别是氢,x是1~9的整数,例如4~9,优选为7。在该情况中,式(IV)化合物是丙烯酸1H,1H,2H,2H-十七氟癸基酯。
作为选择,聚合物涂层也可以通过使所述物品暴露于包含一种以上有机单体化合物的等离子体足够长的时间以在表面上形成聚合物层而形成,所述有机单体化合物中的至少一种包含两个碳碳双键。
具有两个以上双键的化合物适宜包括式(V)化合物:
其中R8、R9、R10、R11、R12和R13均独立地选自氢、卤素、烷基、卤代烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基;Z是桥联基团。
用于式(V)化合物的适宜的桥联基团Z的实例是聚合物领域中已知的那些。特别是,它们包括取代/未取代的烷基,所述烷基可插入有氧原子。用于桥联基团Z的适宜的可选的取代基包括全卤代烷基,特别是全氟烷基。
在特别优选的实施方式中,桥联基团Z包括一个以上酰氧基或酯基。特别是,桥联基团式Z是子式(VI)的基团:
其中n是1~10的整数,适宜为1~3,R14和R15各自独立地选自氢、烷基或卤代烷基。
R8、R9、R10、R11、R12和R13适宜为如氟烷基等卤代烷基或氢。特别是它们均为氢。
式(V)化合物适宜包含至少一个卤代烷基,优选为全卤烷基。
式(V)化合物的特定例包括下述物质:
其中R14和R15如上定义,并且R14或R15中至少一个不为氢。该化合物的特定例是式B的化合物。
在另一个方案中,聚合物涂层通过使所述物品暴露于包含单体饱和有机化合物的等离子体足够长的时间以在表面上形成聚合物层而形成,所述化合物包含取代/未取代的至少5个碳原子的烷基链(可选地插入有杂原子)。
此处使用的术语“饱和”指的是单体在不是芳香环的一部分的两个碳原子之间不包含多重键(即双键或三键)。术语“杂原子”包括氧原子、硫原子、硅原子或氮原子。烷基链中插入有氮原子时,其将被取代成为伯胺或叔胺。同样,硅将适当地取代有例如两个烷氧基。
特别适宜的单体有机化合物是式(VII)化合物:
其中R16、R17、R18、R19和R20独立地选自氢、卤素、烷基、卤代烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基;R21是基团X-R22,其中R22是烷基或卤代烷基,X是键;式C(O)O(CH2)xY-的基团,其中x是1~10的整数,Y是键或磺酰胺基团;或者基团-(O)pR23(O)s(CH2)t-,其中R23是具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基,p是0或1,s是0或1,t是0或1~10的整数,而且s为1时t不为0。
用于R16、R17、R18、R19和R20的适宜的卤代烷基是氟烷基。烷基链可以是直链或支链,可以包含环状部分并具有例如1~6个碳原子。
对于R22,烷基链适宜包含1个以上碳原子,适宜为1~20个碳原子,优选为6~12个碳原子。
R22优选为卤代烷基,更优选为全卤代烷基,特别是式CzF2z+1的全氟烷基,其中z是1以上的整数,适宜为1~20,优选为6~12,例如8或10。
X是基团-C(O)O(CH2)yY-时,y是提供适当间隔基团的整数。特别是,y是1~5,优选约为2。
用于Y的合适的磺酰胺基团包括式N(R23)SO2 -的那些,其中R23是氢、烷基或卤代烷基,如C1-4烷基,特别是甲基或乙基。
用于本发明的方法的单体化合物优选包括C6-25烷烃,其可选地取代有卤素,特别是全卤代烷烃,尤其是全氟烷烃。
在另一种替代方式中,物品暴露于包含取代/未取代的炔烃的等离子体足够长的时间,以在表面上形成聚合物层。
用于本发明的方法的炔烃化合物适宜包含碳原子链,其包含一个以上碳碳三键。所述链可选地插入有杂原子,并且可具有含有环和其他官能团的取代基。适宜的链可以为直链或支链,具有2~50个碳原子,更适宜为6~18个碳原子。它们可以存在于用作原始材料的单体中,也可以在施用等离子体时例如通过开环作用产生于单体中。
特别适宜的单体有机化合物是式(VIII)的那些:
R24-C≡C-X1-R25 (VIII)
其中R24是氢、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基;
X1是键或桥联基团;且
R25是烷基、环烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基。
适宜的桥联基团X1包括式-(CH2)s-、CO2(CH2)p-、-(CH2)pO(CH2)q-、-(CH2)pN(R26)(CH2)q-、-(CH2)pN(R26)SO2 -的基团,其中s是0或1~20的整数,p和q独立地选自1~20的整数;R26是氢、烷基、环烷基或芳基。用于R26的特定烷基包括C1-6烷基,特别是甲基或乙基。
R24是烷基或卤代烷基时,其通常优选具有1~6个碳原子。
用于R24的适宜的卤代烷基包括氟烷基。烷基链可以是直链或支链,并且可以包含环状部分。不过优选R24是氢。
R25优选是卤代烷基,更优选为全卤代烷基,特别是式CrF2r+1的全氟烷基,其中r是1以上的整数,适宜为1~20,优选为6~12,例如8或10。
在优选的实施方式中,式(VIII)化合物是式(IX)化合物:
CH≡C(CH2)s-R27 (IX)
其中s如上所定义,R27是卤代烷基,特别是全卤代烷基如C6-12全氟基团,如C6F13。
在选择性的优选实施方式中,式(VIII)化合物是式(X)化合物:
CH≡C(O)O(CH2)pR27 (X)
其中p是1~20的整数,R27如上关于上式(IX)所定义,特别是C8F17基团。在该情况中,p优选为1~6的整数,最优选约为2。
式(I)化合物的其他实例是式(XI)化合物:
CH≡C(CH2)pO(CH2)qR27, (XI)
其中p如上所定义,不过特别是1,q如上所定义,不过特别是1,R27如上关于式(IX)定义,特别是基团C6F13;
或者是式(XII)化合物:
CH≡C(CH2)pN(R26)(CH2)qR27 (XII)
其中p如上所定义,不过特别是1,q如上所定义,不过特别为1,R26如上所定义,特别是氢,R27如上关于式(IX)所定义,特别是基团C7F15;
或者是式(XIII)化合物:
CH≡C(CH2)pN(R26)SO2R27 (XIII)
其中p如上所定义,不过特别是1,R26如上所定义,特别是乙基;R27如上关于式(IX)所定义,特别是基团C8F17。
在选择性实施方式中,用于所述方法的炔烃单体是式(XIV)化合物:
R28C≡C(CH2)nSiR29R30R31 (XIV)
其中R28是氢、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基,R29、R30和R31独立地选自烷基或烷氧基,特别是C1-6烷基或烷氧基。
基团R28优选是卤素或烷基,特别是C1-6烷基。
基团R29、R30和R31优选是C1-6烷氧基,特别是乙氧基。
等离子聚合以有效方式进行的准确条件取决于诸如聚合物的性质、待处理的物品等等,并通过本领域中公知的常规方法确定。
适用于本发明的方法的等离子体包括非平衡等离子体,例如由射频(RF)、微波或直流电(DC)产生的那些等离子体。它们可以在大气压或亚大气压下操作,正如本领域中已知的那样。然而,特别是,它们由射频(RF)产生。
可以用各种形式的设备产生气态等离子体。通常这些设备包括可在其中生成等离子体的容器或等离子体室。该设备的特定例例如描述于WO2005/089961和WO02/28548中,不过也可以利用许多其他传统的等离子体产生装置。
在所述方法中,通常,将待处理的底物与一种以上基本上为气态的能够产生目标聚合物的单体一同放置在等离子体室中,在所述室中点燃辉光放电并施加适宜的电压,优选为脉冲电压。
此处使用的表述“基本上为气态”指的是单独一种或者为混合物的气体或蒸汽,以及气溶胶。
存在于等离子体室中的气体可包括单独的单体化合物的蒸汽,不过其也可以与载气组合,特别是诸如氦或氩等惰性气体。特别是,如果需要载气的话,氦是优选的载气,因为其可使单体的碎裂最少。
用作混合物时,单体蒸汽相对于载气的相对量根据本领域中的传统步骤适当地确定。单体的添加量将在一定程度上取决于所用的特定单体的性质、底物的性质、等离子体室的尺寸等等。通常,在常规室的情况中,以50mg/分钟~1000mg/分钟的量输送单体,例如以10mg/分钟~150mg/分钟的速率输送。不过,应当理解该速率极大地取决于所选择的反应器的尺寸以及需要同时处理的底物的数目;而这又取决于诸如所需的年生产量和基建投资等考虑因素。适当的是,氦等载气以恒定的速率供给,例如速率为5至90标准立方厘米每分钟(sccm),例如为15sccm~30sccm。在一些情况中,单体与载气的比例为100∶0~1∶100,例如为10∶0~1∶100,特别是约1∶0~1∶10。所选的精确比例将是如此以确保实现工序所需的流率。
在一些情况中,可以在所述室内轰击预备的连续功率的等离子体例如15秒~10分钟。这可以用作表面预处理或活化步骤,确保单体本身易于附着于表面,因而发生聚合时在表面上“生长”沉积物。可在将单体引入室中之前,在仅存在惰性气体的情况下进行所述预处理步骤。
至少在存在单体时,等离子体随后适宜地转换成脉冲等离子体以使聚合进行。
在所有的情况中,辉光放电通过施加高频电压(例如为13.56MHz)而被适当地引发。使用电极实现这一点,所述电极可以在室的内部或外部,通常分别用于大型室和小型室。
适宜的是,以至少1标准立方厘米每分钟(sccm)的速率,优选为1sccm~100sccm的速率供应气体、蒸汽或气体混合物。
在单体蒸汽的情况中,适当的是,在施加连续电压或脉冲电压的同时以80mg/分钟~1000mg/分钟的速率供应单体蒸汽。不过,对于工业规模的应用来说,更适宜的是具有固定的总单体输送量,其随着所限定的处理时间而变,也取决于单体的性质以及所需的技术效果。
可将气体或蒸汽吸入或泵入等离子体区域。特别是,使用等离子体室时,可通过使用抽气泵造成的室内压力的降低而将气体或蒸汽吸入室中。作为选择,气体或蒸汽也可以泵入或注入室中,或通过任何其他公知的用于将液体或蒸汽输送至容器的手段进行输送。
适当的是,使用维持在0.1毫托~400毫托压力的式(I)化合物的蒸汽实现聚合。应当理解在任何给定情况中所选的压力将取决于待处理的鞋的类型,因为溶剂和或粘合剂的使用程度将影响除气率,因而影响发生该过程的压力。
施加的电场适宜具有5W~500W的功率,适宜为约10W~200W峰值功率,并作为连续电场或脉冲电场施加。如果需要脉冲,则其可以以产生极低平均功率的序列施加,例如以打开时间∶关闭时间的比例为1∶500~1∶1500的序列施加。该序列的特定例是其中电源打开20μs~50μs,例如约30μs,且关闭1000μs~30000μs,特别是约20000μs的序列。如此获得的典型平均功率为0.01W。
适当的是,处理一批鞋所需的总RF功率施加30秒~90分钟,优选为1分钟~10分钟,这取决于式(I)化合物的性质以及该批次中所强化的物品的类型及数目。
适当的是,所用的等离子体室具有足够的体积以使年生产量最大,因此各室的尺寸和数目以及批量循环中可处理的鞋等物品的数目将取决于诸多因素,例如包括但不限于(a)年生产量,(b)每天的操作时间和每年的操作天数,(c)工厂的运行效率,(d)设备的投资成本,(e)鞋类的尺寸和所用的材料。
将室的尺寸选择为能收纳待处理的特定物品。例如,圆柱形室通常可适合于范围很广的各种应用,但是必要时也可以构造加长室或矩形室,甚或构建成立方形或任何其他合适的形状。
所述室可以是密封性容器以用于分批处理,或者所述室也可以包括物品的进口和出口以使其可用于半连续工序。特别是在后一种情况中,使用高容量泵以维持在室中产生等离子体放电所必需的压力条件,这在例如具有“鸣漏(whistling leak)”的装置中是常规的。不过,其还可以在大气压,或接近大气压处理鞋类物品,而无需“鸣漏”。
施加的电场适宜具有20W~500W的功率,适当的峰值功率为约100W,并作为脉冲电场施加。取决于所用的单体气体的性质,脉冲以产生极低平均功率的序列施加,例如以打开时间∶关闭时间的比例为1∶3~1∶1500的序列施加。尽管对于难以聚合的单体而言,打开时间∶关闭时间的范围可以在该范围的下端,例如1∶3~1∶5,不过许多聚合可以在打开时间∶关闭时间为1∶500~1∶1500时发生。该序列的特定例是其中电源打开20μs~50μs,例如约30μs,且关闭1000μs~30000μs,特别是约20000μs的序列。如此获得的典型平均功率为0.01W。
适宜的是,所述场施加30秒~90分钟,优选为5分钟~60分钟,这取决于单体和底物的性质,以及所需的目标涂层的性质。
适用于本发明的方法的等离子体包括非平衡等离子体,例如由射频(RF)、微波或直流电(DC)产生的那些等离子体。它们可以在大气压或亚大气压下操作,正如本领域中已知的那样。然而,特别是,它们由射频(RF)产生。
在所有的情况中,辉光放电通过施加高频电压(例如为13.56MHz)而被适当地引发。使用电极实现这一点,所述电极可以在室的内部或外部,不过在大型室的情况中为内部。
适宜的是,以至少1标准立方厘米每分钟(sccm)的速率,优选为1sccm~100sccm的速率供应气体、蒸汽或气体混合物。
在单体蒸汽的情况中,在施加脉冲电压的同时以80mg/分钟~1000mg/分钟(例如约120mg每分钟)的速率适当地供应单体蒸汽,这取决于单体的性质。
可将气体或蒸汽吸人或泵入等离子体区域。特别是,使用等离子体室时,可通过使用抽气泵造成的室内压力的降低而将气体或蒸汽抽吸入室中,或者如液体处理中常见的那样,将气体或蒸汽泵入、喷入、滴入、静电电离化或注入室中。
适当的是,使用维持在0.1毫托~400毫托,适宜的是约10毫托~100毫托的压力的单体蒸汽实现聚合。
等离子聚合以有效方式进行的准确条件将随着诸如待沉积的聚合物的性质以及底物的性质等因素而改变,并通过使用常规方法和/或其他技术而确定。
将室的尺寸选择为可收纳待处理的特定底物或装置。所述室可以是密封性容器以使可以进行分批处理,或者所述室也可以包括底物的进口和出口以使其作为流水线系统用于连续工序。特别是在后一种情况中,使用高容量泵以维持在室中产生等离子体放电所必需的压力条件,这在例如具有“鸣漏”的装置中是常规的。不过,其还可以在大气压,或接近大气压处理物品输送系统,而无需“鸣漏”。
使用本领域中常规的测试,例如测试法AATCC 193/2005(AmericanAssociation of Textile Colourists and Chemists,美国纺织染色家和化学家协会)可以评估经处理的鞋的疏水性。
附图说明
现在参考附图以举例的方式详细描述本发明,图中:
图1和2图示了已经通过等离子体处理(显示为暗色)而保护的各种市售运动鞋相较于未经处理(显示为无色)的对照物随时间的吸水程度;
图3~5图示了已经通过等离子体处理而保护的各种市售运动鞋在与水接触时的增强的耐久性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将Victory牌鞋(鞋垫已除去)放在容积约13升的玻璃室管中,玻璃室管的外部卷绕有铜线圈电极,使用Leybold screwline SP630和Leybold Roots blower 2001WSU pumpstack将其抽空1分钟。抽吸一分钟后,使用Dressler“Cesar 1310”射频发生器和自制匹配网络轰击50W的连续波等离子体30秒从而活化鞋类的表面。此后,在下述脉冲等离子体条件下将全氟丙烯酸酯单体经由单体管引入室中,所述条件为打开时间20微秒,关闭时间20毫秒,峰值功率50W,持续时间5分钟。这段时间之后关闭RF供应,同样关闭单体源,使系统连通大气,之后取出鞋。
将水(或与异丙醇的混合物)的液滴置于鞋上,并根据测试AATCC193/2005(American Association of Textile Colourists and Chemists)由流出和润湿/吸湿评估拒水程度,由此进行初始评估以确定鞋的疏水性。根据该测试法,鞋的水级别为W6。然后使用SATRA Advanced MoistureManagement Test(SATRA TMV 376),通过称重暴露于模拟高应力水平下的人类足部的标准条件(34℃和5ml/小时的出汗率)前后的鞋的重量,评估经处理的鞋相比于对应的未经处理的鞋的“透气性”。
实施例2
根据EN ISO 20344:2004(E)的测试法确定根据实施例1的方法处理的各种市售运动鞋的渗水程度。该测试是国际认可的安全鞋类测试(通常称为“洗车(car wash)”测试),在该测试中,处于限定深度的水中的鞋类物品经历旋转湿刷的机械作用,并在各程序化的测试期的最后检查确定渗水程度。
使用对应的未处理的运动鞋重复所述测试,使得能够比较处理过的鞋与未处理的鞋的随时间的吸水性。
市售运动鞋New Balance 1091和Pearl Izumi的所得结果分别图示于图1和2中。由这些结果可知,经处理的鞋(显示为暗色)的吸水量明显少于未处理的对照物,由此显著减少了重量的增加。
图3~5呈现了该测试中得到的对于Adidas Supernova GCS GTX(XCR)、Asics Gel Yama和Brooks Adrenaline运动鞋的结果,展示了鞋在发生透水前的吸水性。在全部三种情况中,可以看出未处理的鞋发生透水明显早于处理过的鞋。
Claims (14)
1.一种保护鞋类物品不致因吸收液体而增重的方法,所述方法包括使包括纽扣、饰带或拉链的完成的所述物品暴露于气态等离子体足够长的时间以在所述物品的表面上产生保护层。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述物品包括运动鞋。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述保护层是聚合物层,通过使所述物品暴露于包含式(I)化合物的脉冲等离子体足够长的时间,使得在所述物品的表面上产生保护性聚合物层,由此而产生所述聚合物层:
其中R1、R2和R3独立地选自氢、烷基、卤代烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基;并且R4是基团X-R5,其中
R5是烷基或卤代烷基,并且X是:
键;
式-C(O)O-、-C(O)O(CH2)nY-的基团,其中n是1~10的整数,Y是键或磺酰胺基团;或者
基团-(O)pR6(O)q(CH2)t-,其中R6是具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基,p是0或1,q是0或1,t是0或1~10的整数,而且q为1时t不为0。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述物品在等离子体沉积室中暴露于脉冲等离子体。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述式(I)化合物是式(II)化合物:
CH2=CH-R5 (II)
其中R5如权利要求3中所定义,或是式(III)化合物:
CH2=CR7C(O)O(CH2)nR5 (III)
其中n和R5如权利要求3中所定义,R7是氢、C1-10烷基或C1-10卤代烷基。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述式(III)化合物是式(IV)化合物:
其中R7如权利要求6中所定义,x是1~9的整数。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述式(IV)化合物是丙烯酸-1H,1H,2H,2H-十七氟癸基酯。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述保护层是通过使所述物品暴露于包含式(VIII)化合物的等离子体而产生的聚合物层:
R24-C≡C-X1-R25 (VIII)
其中R24是氢、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基;
X1是键或桥联基团;且
R25是烷基、环烷基或具有/不具有卤素取代基的芳基。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,将待处理的所述物品与一种以上基本上为气态的能够产生目标聚合物的单体一同放置在等离子体室中,在所述室中点燃辉光放电并施加适宜的脉冲电压。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,按照如下序列施加脉冲,在所述序列中,打开时间∶关闭时间的比例为1∶500~1∶1500。
13.等离子体聚合沉积法的应用,所述等离子体聚合沉积法用于在包括纽扣、饰带或拉链的完成鞋类物品上沉积拒液涂层,以保护所述物品不致因吸收液体而增重。
14.由权利要求1~12中任一项所述的方法处理的鞋类物品。
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EP2167724B1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
IL203268A (en) | 2013-06-27 |
DK2167724T3 (da) | 2013-01-07 |
WO2009010741A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
KR20100056464A (ko) | 2010-05-27 |
PT2167724E (pt) | 2012-12-24 |
US20100203347A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
AU2008277499B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
GB0812938D0 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
TW200914470A (en) | 2009-04-01 |
GB2451176A (en) | 2009-01-21 |
ES2397719T3 (es) | 2013-03-11 |
EP2167724A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
AU2008277499A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
CN101743353A (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
BRPI0814076A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 |
US20130263474A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
CA2693399A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
JP2010534727A (ja) | 2010-11-11 |
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