CN101735868A - 消泡燃料添加剂 - Google Patents
消泡燃料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101735868A CN101735868A CN200910221085A CN200910221085A CN101735868A CN 101735868 A CN101735868 A CN 101735868A CN 200910221085 A CN200910221085 A CN 200910221085A CN 200910221085 A CN200910221085 A CN 200910221085A CN 101735868 A CN101735868 A CN 101735868A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- alkyl
- compound
- hydrogen
- hydrocarbyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- -1 aminotriazole compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical group O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical class NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OTXHZHQQWQTQMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (diaminomethylideneamino)azanium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O.N[NH2+]C(N)=N OTXHZHQQWQTQMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical compound NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical group CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Chemical group CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940082615 organic nitrates used in cardiac disease Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000000178 1,2,4-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGALGYVFGDXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(=O)OC1=O MFGALGYVFGDXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical compound N1NC=CN1 SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazol-4-amine Chemical group NC1=CNN=N1 JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 3-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXGOOCLYBPQWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AXGOOCLYBPQWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000016444 Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N acide dimethylmaleique Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=C(C)C(O)=O CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001356 alkyl thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethylmaleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C(/C)C(O)=O CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XWRLQRLQUKZEEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(hydroxy)silicon Chemical compound CC[Si]O XWRLQRLQUKZEEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000016427 familial adult myoclonic epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZGNITFSDLCMLGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flubendiamide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(I)=C1C(=O)NC(C)(C)CS(C)(=O)=O ZGNITFSDLCMLGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- IQZPDFORWZTSKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrosulphonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)[N+]([O-])=O IQZPDFORWZTSKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/04—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with multiple walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本公开总体涉及燃料添加剂浓缩物。更特别是,本公开涉及有效提高燃料消泡性能的燃料添加剂浓缩物及其使用方法。
背景技术
包括柴油燃料的机动车用润滑剂通常用于其中润滑剂经历机械搅拌从而导致润滑剂起泡的环境中。润滑剂起泡可引起不充分润滑和/或无效率燃烧,导致发动机寿命缩短和/或燃料使用增加。润滑剂中存在其他添加剂可加剧润滑剂起泡。因此,在发动机操作期间,向机动车用润滑剂中掺入消泡剂,以减少润滑剂起泡的趋势。
随着汽车技术继续发展,润滑剂制剂将要求逐渐增加的性能需要。因此,开发新的消泡剂是有需要和有价值的,该新的消泡剂可独立起常规消泡剂的功能,也可与本领域熟知的消泡剂联合工作。
发明内容
根据本公开,提供燃料添加剂组合物,该组合物包含(a)氨基三唑化合物,该化合物包含(i)烃基羰基化合物与(ii)式(I)胺化合物或其盐的反应产物:其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基;(b)烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂,其中(a)与(b)的比率为约1∶10至约10∶1。
本公开的另一方面提供包含主要量的燃料和少量添加剂组合物的燃料组合物,所述添加剂组合物包含(a)氨基三唑化合物,该化合物包含(i)烃基羰基化合物与(ii)式(I)胺化合物或其盐的反应产物:其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基;(b)烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂,其中(a)与(b)的比率为约1∶10至约10∶1。
本公开的还一方面提供将燃料消泡性能改善的方法,所述方法包括:将主要量的燃料与少量添加剂组合物混合,该添加剂组合物包含(a)氨基三唑化合物,该化合物包含(i)烃基羰基化合物与(ii)式(I)胺化合物或其盐的反应产物:其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基;(b)烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂,其中(a)与(b)的比率为约1∶10至约10∶1。因此,本公开主要涉及以下技术方案:1.一种燃料添加剂浓缩物,所述浓缩物包含:(a)氨基三唑化合物,该化合物包含(i)烃基羰基化合物与(ii)式(I)胺化合物或其盐的反应产物其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基;和(b)烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂,其中(a)与(b)的比率为约1∶10至约10∶1。2.1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(i)选自烃基取代的琥珀酸酐、烃基取代的琥珀酸和烃基取代的琥珀酸酯。3.2的添加剂浓缩物,其中(b)的烃基取代基包含具有约100至约5,000的数均分子量的烃基。4.3的添加剂浓缩物,其中所述烃基取代基包含衍生自高活性聚异丁烯的聚异丁烯基团,该高活性聚异丁烯具有至少60%或更多末端烯烃双键。5.1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(ii)包含氨基胍盐。6.1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(ii)包含胍盐。7.1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(ii)包含氨基胍碳酸氢盐。8.1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)包含式(III)二-氨基三唑化合物及其互变异构体和对映体,其中R3为具有约100至约500的数均分子量的烃基。9.1的添加剂浓缩物,其中相对于浓缩物的总重量,(a)以约0.1wt.%至约50wt.%的量存在;且(b)以约0.1wt.%至约99.99wt.%的量存在。10.1的添加剂浓缩物,所述浓缩物还包含聚硅氧烷基消泡剂。11.10的添加剂浓缩物,其中相对于浓缩物的总重量,所述聚硅氧烷基消泡剂以约0.1wt.%至约5wt.%的量存在。12.1的添加剂浓缩物,所述浓缩物还包含至少一种选自式(IV)和(V)三唑的三唑:其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10独立选自氢和烃基,条件是R6和R7中至少一个和R8和R9中至少一个不为氢。13.一种燃料组合物,所述组合物包含:主要量的燃料;和少量添加剂组合物,该添加剂组合物包含:(a)氨基三唑化合物,该化合物包含(i)烃基羰基化合物与(ii)式(I)胺化合物或其盐的反应产物其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基;和(b)烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂,其中(a)与(b)的比率为约1∶10至约10∶1。14.13的燃料组合物,其中(a)(i)选自烃基取代的琥珀酸酐、烃基取代的琥珀酸和烃基取代的琥珀酸酯。15.13的燃料组合物,其中(b)的烃基取代基为聚异丁烯基团。16.15的燃料组合物,其中所述聚异丁烯基团衍生自高活性聚异丁烯,该高活性聚异丁烯具有至少60%或更多末端烯烃双键。17.13的燃料组合物,其中(a)(ii)包含氨基胍盐。18.13的燃料组合物,其中(a)(ii)包含胍的无机盐。19.13的燃料组合物,其中(a)(ii)包含氨基胍碳酸氢盐。20.13的燃料组合物,其中(a)包含式(III)的二-氨基三唑化合物及其互变异构体和对映体,其中R3为具有约100至约5000的数均分子量的烃基。21.13的燃料组合物,其中相对于燃料组合物的总重量,所述添加剂组合物以约0.005wt.%至约0.3000wt.%的量存在。22.13的燃料组合物,所述组合物还包含至少一种添加剂,所述添加剂选自辅助消泡剂、分散剂、去污剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、载液、金属减活剂、染料、标记、阻蚀剂、生物杀灭剂、防静电添加剂、减阻剂、摩擦调节剂、破乳剂、乳化剂、消雾剂、防冻添加剂、抗爆添加剂、表面活性剂、十六烷值增进剂、缓蚀剂、低温流动性改进剂、降凝剂、溶剂、反乳化剂、润滑添加剂、极压剂、粘度指数改进剂、密封膨胀剂、胺稳定剂、助燃剂、分散剂、传导性改善剂、金属钝化剂、标记染料、有机硝酸酯着火加速剂、三羰基锰化合物及其混合物。23.13的燃料组合物,所述组合物还包含聚硅氧烷基消泡剂。24.13的燃料组合物,所述组合物还包含至少一种选自式(IV)和(V)三唑的三唑:其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10独立选自氢和烃基,条件是R6和R7中至少一个和R8和R9中至少一个不为氢。25.一种将燃料消泡性能改善的方法,所述方法包括:将主要量的燃料与少量添加剂组合物混合,该添加剂组合物包含:(a)氨基三唑化合物,该化合物包含(i)烃基羰基化合物与(ii)式(I)胺化合物或其盐的反应产物其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基;(b)烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂,其中(a)与(b)的比率为约1∶10至约10∶1。
本公开的其他实施方案和优势将在以下详述部分中描述,和/或可通过本公开实践获悉。应理解前面的一般性描述和以下的详述均仅为示例性和解释性的,并非要求保护的本公开的限制。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑时,实施方案的各种特征可被更全面的认识到,其参考实施方案的以下详述可更好地理解,其中:图1举例说明燃料A和B的实验结果;和图2举例说明燃料C和D的实验结果。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及含氨基三唑化合物的燃料添加剂浓缩物,该化合物包含烃基取代的二羧酸或酸酐与胺化合物或其盐的反应产物。
本文使用的“中间馏分燃料”应理解为是指一种或多种燃料,该燃料选自柴油燃料、生物柴油、生物柴油衍生的燃料、合成柴油、喷气燃料、煤油、颗粒控制的充氧处理的柴油燃料、其混合物以及符合ASTM D975定义的其他产品。本文使用的“生物柴油”应理解为是指含有源自生物来源的燃料的柴油燃料。一方面,中间馏分燃料可包含最高达30%,例如约0.5%至约30%,如约10%至约20%的源自生物来源的燃料。
中间馏分燃料可源自生物来源如含油种子,例如油菜子、向日葵、大豆种子等。为了提取油,种子可进行研磨和/或溶剂提取处理(如用正己烷),所述油包含饱和与不饱和(单不饱和与多不饱和,以取决于选择的含油种子的比例彼此混合)C16-C22脂肪酸的甘油三酸酯。所述油可进行过滤和精炼处理,以便除去任何可能存在的游离脂肪和磷脂,并可与甲醇进行酯交换反应以便制备脂肪酸的甲酯(脂肪酸甲酯,也称为“FAME”,通常称为生物柴油。)
本文使用的术语“烃基基团”或“烃基”按其为本领域技术人员所熟知的普通含义使用。特别是,它是指基团,该基团具有直接连接至分子其余部分的碳原子,并具有显著的烃特性。烃基的实例包括:(1)烃取代基,即脂族(如烷基或烯基)、脂环族(如环烷基、环烯基)取代基,和芳族、脂族和脂环族基团取代的芳族取代基,以及其中通过分子另一部分成环的环状取代基(如两个取代基一起形成脂环族基团);(2)取代的烃取代基,即含非烃基团的取代基,在此处描述的上下文中,非烃基团不会改变优势的烃取代基(如卤基(尤其是氯和氟)、羟基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基和磺酰氧基(sulfoxy));(3)杂取代基,即取代基,该取代基当具有显著烃特性时,在该描述的上下文中,其在环或链中包含非碳原子,否则该环或链由碳原子组成。杂原子包括硫、氧、氮,并包含取代基如吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基和咪唑基。一般而言,在烃基中每十个碳原子将存在不超过两个,或作为进一步的实例不超过一个非烃取代基;在一些实施方案中,烃基中将没有非烃取代基。
本文使用的术语“主要量”应理解为是指相对于组合物的总重量,大于或等于50wt.%的量,例如约80wt.%至约98wt.%。此外,本文使用的术语“少量”应理解为是指相对于组合物的总重量小于50wt.%的量。
本公开的组合物可包含式(III)化合物,该化合物包含胺化合物或其盐与烃基羰基化合物的反应产物。用于本文的合适胺化合物可为式(I)的胺化合物或其盐:其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基。此类胺化合物可选自胍和氨基胍或其盐,其中R和R1如上所定义。因此,胺化合物可选自氨基胍和胍的无机盐,如氨基胍和胍的卤化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐和正磷酸盐。本文使用的术语“胍”应理解为是指胍和胍衍生物如氨基胍。在一个实施方案中,用于添加剂制备的胺化合物可为氨基胍碳酸氢盐。氨基胍碳酸氢盐可容易的从商业来源获得,或可按熟知方法制备。
用于本文的合适烃基羰基化合物可为任何合适的化合物,该化合物具有烃基部分和羰基部分,且其能够与胺化合物结合以形成本公开添加剂。合适的烃基羰基化合物的非限定性实例包括但不限于烃基取代的二羧酸或酸酐,如烃基取代的琥珀酸酐、烃基取代的琥珀酸和烃基取代的琥珀酸酯。
其中R2为具有数均分子量约100至约5,000,如约200至约3,000的烃基,该数均分子量由凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测得。除非另外指出,本公开中分子量为数均分子量。
在一些方面,烃基羰基化合物的R2基团可包含一个或多个选自直链或支链烯基单元的聚合物单元。例如,烯基单元可包含约2至约10个碳原子。在实施方案中,R2基团可包含一个或多个直链或支链聚合物单元,所述聚合物单元选自乙烯基团、丙烯基团、丁烯基团、戊烯基团、己烯基团、辛烯基团和癸烯基团。在一些方面,R2基团可为如均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物的形式。在一个实施方案中,R2基团可为异丁烯。因此,在一个实施方案中,R2基团可为聚异丁烯均聚物,该聚异丁烯均聚物含约10至约60个异丁烯基团,如约20至约30个异丁烯基团。用于形成R2烃基的化合物可通过任何合适的方法形成,如通过常规的烯烃催化低聚反应。R2的非限定性实例可为具有数均分子量约100至约5,000,如约200至约3,000的聚烯基基团,如聚异丁烯基团,该数均分子量由GPC测得。
在一些方面,烃基羰基化合物的R2基团可从高活性聚异丁烯(HR-PIB)形成,该高活性聚异丁烯具有相对高的末端亚乙烯基含量。本文使用的“末端亚乙烯基含量”应理解为是指末端烯烃双键的含量。在一个实施方案中,R2基团可从具有至少约60%,如约70%至约90%及以上的末端亚乙烯基含量的HR-PIB形成。在工业上有传换成HR-PIB的一般趋势,且熟知的HR-PIB例如在美国专利第4,152,499号中公开,其公开内容通过引用整体结合到本文中。
可使用任何合适的方法制备烃基羰基化合物。用于形成烃基羰基化合物的方法为本领域所熟知。用于形成烃基羰基化合物的已知方法的一个实例包含将聚烯烃与酸酐如马来酸酐掺混。聚烯烃与酸酐反应物可加热至如约150℃至约250℃的温度,任选使用催化剂如氯或过氧化物。在美国专利第4,234,435号中描述了制备烃基羰基化合物的另一种示例性方法,其内容通过引用整体结合到本文中。
在一些方面,每摩尔聚烯烃可与约1摩尔马来酸酐反应,以便所得烃基取代的琥珀酸酐每个烃基具有约0.8至约1个琥珀酸酐基团。在其他方面,琥珀酸酐基团与烃基的重量比可为约0.5至约3.5,如约1至约1.1。
可用于本文的烃基羰基化合物的实例包括但不限于此类化合物,如十二碳烯基琥珀酸酐、C16-18烯基琥珀酸酐和聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐(PIBSA)。在一些实施方案中,PIBSA可具有聚异丁烯取代基,该聚异丁烯取代基具有约4%至至少约60%,如约70%至约90%及以上的末端亚乙烯基含量。在一些实施方案中,烃基羰基化合物中羰基基团数目与烃基部分数目的比率可为约1∶1至约6∶1。
上面描述的烃基羰基和胺化合物可在任何合适的条件下混合在一起,以提供本公开所需反应产物。一方面,反应物化合物可按烃基羰基化合物与胺化合物约1∶1至约1∶2.5的摩尔比混合在一起。例如,反应物的摩尔比可为约1∶1至约1∶2.2。合适的反应温度在大气压下可为约155℃至约200℃。例如,反应温度可为约160℃至约190℃。可使用任何合适的反应压力,如低于大气压的压力或高于常压的压力。然而,温度范围可不同于其中反应在非大气压下进行所列出的那些。反应可进行范围在约1小时至约8小时,优选范围在约2小时至约6小时内的时间。
不希望受理论因素束缚,认为胺与烃基羰基化合物的反应产物为氨基三唑化合物,如式(III)的二-氨基三唑化合物:包括其互变异构体和对映体,其中R3具有约100至约5000的数均分子量,且包含约40至约80个碳原子。在一个实施方案中,R3为聚异丁烯基取代基,例如从HR-PIB形成的聚异丁烯基取代基,该HR-PIB具有至少约60%,如约70%至约90%及以上的末端亚乙烯基含量。反应产物可包含至少一个氨基三唑基团。三唑的五元环认为是芳族的。氨基三唑对氧化剂可相当稳定,可显著地抗水解。尽管不确定,但认为反应产物为聚烯基二-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑。该产物包含相对高的氮含量,该氮含量在约1.8wt%至约2.9wt%氮的范围内。
在本公开的各方面,公开的组合物可包含上述三唑以外的1,2,4三唑。例如,组合物可包括式(IV)三唑:其中R6和R7独立选自氢和烃基,条件是R6和R7中至少一个不为氢。烃基的实例包括但不限于C2-C50直链、支链或环状烷基;C2-C50直链、支链或环状烯基;以及取代或未取代的芳基如苯基、甲苯基和二甲苯基。此类三唑商业上可得到的实例包括30(可从纽约Tarrytown的Ciba得到)。
公开的组合物也可包括式(V)三唑:其中R8、R9和R10独立选自氢和烃基,条件是R8和R9中至少一个不为氢。烃基的实例包括但不限于C2-C50直链、支链或环状烷基;C2-C50直链、支链或环状烯基;以及取代或未取代的芳基如苯基、甲苯基和二甲苯基。R8和R9可包含官能团如卤素、羧基、羟基、氨基、硝基、磺酸酯基等。此类三唑商业上可得到的实例包括39和42(可从纽约Tarrytown的Ciba得到)。
除上述氨基三唑化合物之外,目前公开的组合物也可包含其他消泡剂,包括聚硅氧烷基消泡剂如聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚乙基硅氧烷、聚二乙基硅氧烷、聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯、三甲基-三氟-丙基甲基硅氧烷、其混合物等。此类消泡剂的非限定性实例例如在美国专利第3,166,508和5,492,638号中公开,其公开内容通过引用整体结合到本文中。商业上可得到的消泡剂包括如Y14182(可从CT.Middlebury的Chemtura公司得到)。
目前公开的氨基三唑化合物可单独使用或与辅助消泡剂联合使用。相对于添加剂浓缩物的总重量,氨基三唑化合物可按约0.1wt.%至约50wt.%的量使用,如约2.5wt.%至约10wt.%,例如约5wt.%至约10wt.%。相对于添加剂浓缩物的总重量,聚硅氧烷基消泡剂可按约0.1wt.%至约5wt.%的量使用,如约0.5wt.%至约3.5wt.%。
在本公开的一些方面,公开的燃料组合物可包含分散剂如含胺分散剂。合适的含胺分散剂可包含烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂。合适的烃基取代琥珀酰亚胺为本领域所熟知,例如在美国专利第4,482,356号中描述,其公开内容通过引用整体结合到本文中。
本文使用的术语“琥珀酰亚胺”表示包括来自胺与烃基取代的琥珀酸或酸酐(或类似的琥珀酸酰化剂)之间反应的完全反应产物,将包括其中产物除了由于胺与酸酐部分反应或接触所得类型的酰亚胺键之外,可具有酰胺键和/或盐键的化合物。
合适的烃基取代琥珀酸酐可通过所需分子量的烯属不饱和烃与马来酸酐首先反应形成。可使用约100℃至约250℃的反应温度。采用较高沸点的烯属不饱和烃,于约200℃至约250℃下获得良好结果。该反应可通过加入氯来促进。
典型的烯烃包括但不限于蜡裂解烯烃、直链α烯烃、支链α烯烃、低级烯烃的聚合物和共聚物。烯烃可选自乙烯、丙烯、丁烯如异丁烯、1-辛烯(octane)、1-己烯、1-癸烯等。有用的聚合物和/或共聚物包括但不限于聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚异丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-异丁烯共聚物、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物、乙烯-1-癸烯共聚物等。
一方面,烃基取代的琥珀酸酐的烃基取代基可来自丁烯聚合物如异丁烯聚合物。用于本文的合适的聚异丁烯包括从HR-PIB形成的那些,该HR-PIB具有至少约60%,如约70%至约90%及以上的末端亚乙烯基含量。合适的聚异丁烯可包括使用BF3催化剂制备的那些。烃基取代基的数均分子量可宽范围的变化,例如在约100至约5000,如约500至约5000之间变化,该数均分子量由GPC测得。
可采用马来酸酐以外的羧酸反应物如马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、衣康酸、衣康酸酐、柠康酸、柠康酸酐、中康酸、乙基马来酸酐、二甲基马来酸酐、乙基马来酸、二甲基马来酸、己基马来酸等,包括相应的酰卤和低级脂族酯。
马来酸酐与烯烃的摩尔比可宽范围的变化。其可从约5∶1至约1∶5变化,例如从约3∶1至约1∶3变化,作为进一步的实例,马来酸酐可按化学计量过量使用,以驱使反应完全。未反应的马来酸酐可通过真空蒸馏除去。
许多聚胺的任一种可用于制备烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂。非限制性示例性聚胺可包括氨基胍碳酸氢盐(AGBC)、二亚乙基三胺(DETA)、三亚乙基四胺(TETA)、四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)、五亚乙基六胺(PEHA)和重聚胺。重聚胺可包含聚亚烷基聚胺的混合物,该混合物包含少量低级聚胺低聚物如TEPA和PEHA,但初级低聚物每分子有7个或更多氮,2个或更多伯胺,且比常规聚胺混合物更广泛的支化。可用于制备烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂的其他非限定性聚胺在美国专利第6,548,458号中公开,其公开内容通过引用整体结合到本文中。在一个实施方案中,聚胺可包含四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)。
在一个实施方案中,分散剂可包括式(IV)化合物:其中n表示0或1-5的整数,且R2为如上定义的烃基取代基。在一个实施方案中,n为3,且R2为聚异丁烯基取代基,如衍生自聚异丁烯的聚异丁烯基取代基,该聚异丁烯具有至少约60%,如约70%至约90%及以上的末端亚乙烯基含量。式(IV)化合物可为烃基取代的琥珀酸酐如聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐(PIBSA)与聚胺如四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)的反应产物。
相对于添加剂浓缩物的总重量,目前公开的分散剂可按约0.01wt.%至约99.99wt.%范围的量使用,如约5wt.%至约25wt.%。一方面,公开的氨基三唑化合物和分散剂可以约1∶10至约10∶1,如约1∶2至约10∶1,例如1∶8的比率存在于燃料组合物中。
在本公开的其他方面,公开的组合物可包含燃料可溶性载体。此类载体可为各种类型如液体或固体如蜡。液体载体的实例包括但不限于矿物油和氧合物,如液态聚烷氧基化醚(也称为聚烷二醇或聚亚烷基醚)、液态聚烷氧基化酚、液态聚烷氧基化酯、液态聚烷氧基化胺及其混合物。氧合物载体的实例可在美国专利第5,752,989号中发现,其中载体的描述通过引用整体结合到本文中。氧合物载体的其他实例包括烷基取代的芳基聚烷氧基化物,该芳基聚烷氧基化物在Colucci等的2003年7月17日公布的美国专利公布号2003/0131527中描述,其内容通过引用整体结合到本文中。
在其他方面,本申请的组合物可不含载体。例如,本申请的一些组合物可不合矿物油或氧合物,如上述的那些氧合物。
在本文公开的组合物中可存在一种或多种其他任选添加剂。例如,组合物可包含辅助消泡剂、分散剂、去污剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、载液、金属减活剂、染料、标记、阻蚀剂、生物杀灭剂、防静电添加剂、减阻剂、摩擦调节剂、破乳剂、乳化剂、消雾剂、防冻添加剂、抗爆添加剂、表面活性剂、十六烷值增进剂、缓蚀剂、低温流动性改进剂、降凝剂、溶剂、反乳化剂、润滑添加剂、极压剂、粘度指数改进剂、密封膨胀剂、胺稳定剂、助燃剂、分散剂、传导性改善剂、金属减活剂、标记染料、有机硝酸酯着火加速剂、三羰基锰化合物及其混合物。在一些方面,基于添加剂浓缩物或燃料组合物的总重量计,本文描述的组合物可包含约10wt.%或更少,或在其他方面,约5wt.%或更少的一种或多种上述添加剂。类似地,燃料组合物可包含合适量的燃料掺混组分如甲醇、乙醇、二烷基醚等。
当配制目前公开的组合物时,可以足以减少燃料如中间馏分燃料例如柴油燃料中起泡的量,采用公开的添加剂组合物。一方面,公开的燃料组合物可包含主要量的燃料和足够控制或减少燃料中泡沫形成的少量上述燃料添加剂组合物,例如相对于组合物的总重量为约0.005wt.%至约0.300wt.%。另一方面,基于活性成分计,本公开的燃料可包含约1ppm至约5000ppm量的氨基三唑,如约20ppm至约5000ppm,例如约1000ppm至约5000ppm。另一方面,基于活性成分计,本公开的燃料可包含约1ppm至约50ppm量的聚硅氧烷基消泡剂,如约4ppm至约25ppm。
另一方面,基于活性成分计,目前公开的燃料组合物可包含约20ppm至约300ppm量的分散剂,如约40ppm至约300ppm,例如约100ppm至约300ppm。在其中采用载体的方面,基于活性成分计,燃料组合物每kg燃料可包含约1mg至约100mg载体量的载体,如每kg燃料约5mg至约50mg载体。基于活性成分计排除了在消泡剂制备期间,或在其形成之后但在加入载体之前(如果采用载体)使用的以下组分的重量:(i)未反应组分,该组分与产生和使用的消泡剂有关并保留在该消泡剂中,和(ii)溶剂(如果有的话)。
本公开的添加剂和用于配制公开组合物的任选添加剂可分别掺混成基础燃料或以各种亚组合掺混。在一些实施方案中,本公开的添加剂组分可使用添加剂浓缩物同时掺混成燃料,因为这利用了当为添加剂浓缩物形式时,各成分的组合提供的相互相容性和便利性。使用浓缩物也可减少掺混时间并减少掺混错误的可能性。
本公开的燃料组合物可应用于固定式柴油机(如用于电力产生装置、泵站中的发动机等)和移动式柴油机(如在汽车、卡车、等级公路设备、军用车辆中用作原动机的发动机等)的操作。
一方面,提供一种将燃料消泡性能改善的方法,该方法包括:提供主要量的燃料和少量添加剂组合物,该组合物包含:(a)氨基三唑化合物,该化合物包含(i)烃基取代的二羧酸或酸酐与(ii)式(I)胺化合物或其盐的反应产物其中R选自氢和含约1至约15个碳原子的烃基,且R1选自氢和含约1至约20个碳原子的烃基;(b)烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺分散剂;其中(a)与(b)的摩尔比为约1∶10至约10∶1。实施例
以下实施例举例说明本公开的示例性实施方案。在这些实施例中以及该申请的其他地方,所有份和百分比均基于重量计,除非另外指出。提供的这些实施例将仅用于举例说明的目的,无意限制本文公开的本发明范围。实施例1
将数均分子量950的聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐加热至95℃。在45分钟时间内加入氨基胍碳酸氢盐(AGBC)的油浆状物。在真空下将混合物加热至160℃,并在该温度下保持约6小时,除去水和二氧化碳。将所得混合物过滤。不受理论限制,认为所得混合物包含本文描述的氨基三唑。
在以下实施例中,如表1中所述,将各种基础柴油燃料各自与各种添加剂组合,包括以上所述的氨基三唑混合物,以产生燃料制剂,如以下所述评价这些制剂的泡沫衰变(foam decay)。表1 1PIBSA与三亚乙基五胺(TEPA)按1∶1摩尔比的反应产物。22-乙基己醇溶剂3Aromatic 150溶剂
燃料A至D使用BNPe消泡实验装置测试,BNPe消泡实验装置是用于测定柴油燃料起泡特性的广泛接受的方法。将100mL柴油燃料样品在恒压(400mb)下从固定高度(245mm)自发性注入至250mL实验罐中。测量并记录所产生泡沫的缩灭时间(collapse time)。缩灭时间作为当最终样品注入至实验罐时与当燃料出现可见表面时之间经过的总时间计算。
如图1中可见,与燃料A相比,燃料B(包含氨基三唑混合物)显示经过第1、8和15天的泡沫衰减时间缩短。例如,在第1天,燃料B显示泡沫衰减时间比燃料A快整1秒(燃料A=2.43秒;燃料B=1.43秒)。而且,在第8天燃料B显示泡沫衰减时间比燃料A快超过2秒(燃料A=8.17秒;燃料B=5.47秒),且在第15天显示相似的时间差异(燃料A=9.1秒;燃料B=7.07)。
此外,如图2中可见,与燃料C相比,燃料D(包含氨基三唑混合物)显示经过第1、8和15天的泡沫衰减时间缩短。例如,燃料C显示1.47秒的泡沫衰减时间,而燃料D显示1.43秒的泡沫衰减时间。而且,在第8天,燃料D显示泡沫衰减时间比燃料C快超过1秒(燃料C=6.03秒;燃料D=4.7秒),且在第15天显示相似的时间差异(燃料C=7.4秒;燃料D=6.03)。因此,如前述实施例所示,含所公开氨基三唑化合物的燃料组合物为有效的消泡剂。因此,认为本文描述的消泡剂可有效的改善燃料的消泡性能。
注意本说明书和权利要求书中使用的单数形式“一”和“该”包括复数指示物,除非清楚并明确的限定为一种指示物。因此,例如,涉及“一种消泡剂”包括两种或多种不同的消泡剂。本文使用的术语“包括”及其语法变体将是非限定性的,以便列举项目的引述不排除可被替代或可加至所列项目的其他类似项目。
对于本说明书和权利要求书的目的而言,除非另外指出,表示数量、百分比或比例的所有数字以及说明书和权利要求书中使用的其他数值应理解为在所有情况中用术语“约”修正。因此,除非指明是相反情况,在说明书和权利要求书中提出的数字参数为近似值,该近似值可根据本公开寻求获得的期望特性而改变。无论如何无意限制等同原则应用至权利要求的范围,各数字参数应至少根据报告有效数位的数字和应用通常的舍入法解释。
尽管已描述了特定的实施方案,但对于申请人或本领域技术人员来讲,目前未预见或可能目前未预见的替代、修改、变化、改进和基本上同等物可出现。因此,提交的和它们可能被修改的权利要求书将包括所有此类替代、修改、变化、改进和基本上同等物。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(i)选自烃基取代的琥珀酸酐、烃基取代的琥珀酸和烃基取代的琥珀酸酯。
3.权利要求2的添加剂浓缩物,其中所述烃基取代基包含衍生自高活性聚异丁烯的聚异丁烯基团,该高活性聚异丁烯具有至少60%或更多末端烯烃双键。
4.权利要求1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(ii)包含氨基胍盐。
5.权利要求1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(ii)包含胍盐。
6.权利要求1的添加剂浓缩物,其中(a)(ii)包含氨基胍碳酸氢盐。
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