CN101725976A - 用于将稀释剂流引入到燃烧器中的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于将稀释剂流引入到燃烧器中的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101725976A
CN101725976A CN200910174099A CN200910174099A CN101725976A CN 101725976 A CN101725976 A CN 101725976A CN 200910174099 A CN200910174099 A CN 200910174099A CN 200910174099 A CN200910174099 A CN 200910174099A CN 101725976 A CN101725976 A CN 101725976A
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CN101725976B (zh
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J·E·巴顿
J·D·贝里
M·A·哈利
G·D·奈尔逊
R·J·罗尔森
J·D·范泽洛
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/44—Combustion chambers comprising a single tubular flame tube within a tubular casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/60—Support structures; Attaching or mounting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07003—Controlling the inert gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07009—Injection of steam into the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00017—Assembling combustion chamber liners or subparts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于将稀释剂流引入到燃烧器中的方法和装置，具体地说，公开了一种燃烧器，其包括具有至少一个贯通挡板孔的挡板和延伸穿过该至少一个挡板孔的至少一个燃料喷嘴。至少一个防护罩固定到挡板上，并包括设置在防护罩处的至少一个活塞环。该至少一个活塞环构造成在至少一个防护罩和至少一个燃料喷嘴之间计量稀释剂流。此外公开了一种用于将稀释剂提供给燃烧器的方法，其包括提供活塞环间隙，该活塞环间隙由设置在挡板处的至少一个活塞环和延伸穿过挡板中的贯通孔的燃料喷嘴所限定。使稀释剂朝向燃料喷嘴中的至少一个气流孔流动穿过活塞环间隙。

Description

用于将稀释剂流引入到燃烧器中的方法和装置
技术领域
本主题发明一般地涉及燃烧器。更具体地说，本主题发明涉及通过燃料喷嘴将稀释剂流输送到燃烧器中。
背景技术
燃烧器典型地包括一个或多个燃料喷嘴，该一个或多个燃料喷嘴将燃料或燃料和空气的混合物引入到燃烧室，在该燃烧室中，燃料或燃料和空气的混合物被点燃。在一些燃烧器中，燃料喷嘴延伸穿过设置在燃烧器的挡板中的孔。在这些燃烧器中，常有利的是将一定量稀释剂(常为氮或蒸汽)引入到燃烧器，以降低NOx排放和/或增大燃烧器的输出。促使稀释剂从腔室穿过挡板和各燃料喷嘴之间的间隙，并且此后沿着燃料喷嘴的外围流动，一部分稀释剂在此通过燃料喷嘴的空气套环(air collar)中的孔进入燃料喷嘴。但是，挡板和燃料喷嘴之间的间隙由于挡板和燃料喷嘴之间的装配公差累积而改变。间隙变化导致各喷嘴周围和贯穿燃烧器组件的稀释剂流的变化。此外，间隙和燃料喷嘴中的空气套环孔之间的轴向间距允许稀释剂到达燃烧反应区，而未穿过燃料喷嘴以及与燃料和空气直接混合。这两种效果均降低了稀释剂效率，并且从而需要更多的稀释剂以实现相等量的稀释剂流进入燃料喷嘴中。朝向燃烧反应区流动而未穿过燃料喷嘴的过量的稀释剂导致燃烧器中诸如动态变化(dynamics)和贫燃熄火(lean blow out)的运转性问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，一种燃烧器包括具有至少一个贯通挡板孔的挡板和延伸穿过该至少一个挡板孔的至少一个燃料喷嘴。至少一个防护罩固定到挡板上，并且包括设置在至少一个防护罩处的至少一个活塞环。该至少一个活塞环构造成在至少一个防护罩和至少一个燃料喷嘴之间计量稀释剂流。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种用于将稀释剂提供给燃烧器的方法包括提供活塞环间隙，该活塞环间隙由设置在挡板处的至少一个活塞环和延伸穿过挡板中的贯通孔的燃料喷嘴所限定。使稀释剂朝向燃料喷嘴中的至少一个气流孔流动穿过活塞环间隙。
从下文结合附图的描述中，这些及其它的优点和特征将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
在本说明书所附的权利要求书中具体地指出并明确地要求保护被视为是本发明的主题。从下文结合附图的详细描述中，本发明的前述及其它的优点和特征是显而易见的。
图1是燃烧器的一个实施例的截面图；
图2是燃烧器的挡板组件的一个实施例的端视图；
图3是图2的挡板组件的燃料喷嘴的局部截面图；
图4是将稀释剂供应到由图2的挡板组件所限定的气室的盖环(cover ring)的一个实施例的透视图；
图5是示出图2的挡板组件的活塞环布置的一个实施例的截面图；以及
图6是图5的活塞环布置的定位特征的透视图。
借助于参考附图的示例，具体实施方式解释了本发明的实施例以及优点和特征。
部件列表
10燃烧器
12挡板
14挡板孔
16燃料喷嘴
18盖环
20气室
22稀释剂流
24孔口
26防护罩
28防护罩间隙
30连接凸缘
32环形流部分
34流动通道
36喷嘴轴线
38活塞环槽
40内表面
42活塞环
44活塞环间隙
46内侧部分
48定位突片(locating tab)
50定位槽
52外部
54前端
56气流孔
具体实施方式
图1中所示的是燃烧器10。该燃烧器10包括具有六个挡板孔14的挡板12，六个燃料喷嘴16延伸穿过该六个挡板孔14，例如，如图2中最佳地所示，每个挡板孔14有一个燃料喷嘴16延伸穿过。虽然图2中显示了六个燃料喷嘴16，但是应意识到的是，可采用其它数量的燃料喷嘴16，例如一个或四个燃料喷嘴16。如图3中所示，挡板12和盖环18限定气室20，通过盖环18中的一个阵列的孔口24(在图4中最佳地显示)将稀释剂流22引导到该气室20中。在一些实施例中，稀释剂流22可包括蒸汽，或例如氮的其它的稀释剂。
如图3中所示，在各燃料喷嘴16处，防护罩26在挡板12和燃料喷嘴16之间设置在挡板孔14处。防护罩26通过焊接或其它连接方式(例如，一个或多个机械紧固件、铜焊或粘接剂)而附到挡板12上。防护罩26周向地围绕燃料喷嘴16延伸，并且距燃料喷嘴16以径向距离而设置，在防护罩26和燃料喷嘴16之间留下防护罩间隙28。在一些实施例中，防护罩26包括连接凸缘30和环形流部分(annular flowportion)32，在该连接凸缘30处，防护罩26附到挡板12上；该环形流部分32沿着燃料喷嘴16纵向地延伸，在流部分32和燃料喷嘴16之间限定流动通道34。在一些实施例中，该流部分32大体上平行于燃料喷嘴16，以使得流动通道34沿着喷嘴轴线36具有大体上恒定的截面面积。如图5中所示，防护罩包括流部分32的内表面40处的活塞环槽38，该流部分32周向地围绕燃料喷嘴16延伸。一个或多个活塞环42设置在活塞环槽38中，并且径向地向内朝着燃料喷嘴16延伸，在燃料喷嘴16和一个或多个活塞环42的内侧部分46之间限定活塞环间隙44。在图5的实施例中显示了两个活塞环42，但是应意识到的是，可利用其它数量的活塞环42，例如一个或三个活塞环42。
如图6中所示，活塞环42包括至少一个定位突片48，该定位突片48从内侧部分46朝着燃料喷嘴16径向地向内延伸。各定位突片48构造成被容纳在燃料喷嘴16中相应的定位槽50中。当挡板12和已安装的活塞环42被装配到燃料喷嘴16上时，定位突片48与定位槽50对准并且被安装到定位槽上，设定围绕燃料喷嘴16的活塞环42的周向定位，并且建立期望的活塞环间隙44，该活塞环间隙44在各定位突片48位置处被中断。利用通过定位突片48和定位槽50的组合而定位的活塞环42，围绕各燃料喷嘴16形成一致的活塞环间隙44。
在运行中，稀释剂流22从气室20沿着防护罩间隙28并且穿过活塞环间隙44而被导引。一旦穿过活塞环间隙44，稀释剂流22就被引到燃烧器10的前端54处的挡板12的外部52，与燃料喷嘴16中的多个气流孔56紧密相邻。稀释剂流22的至少一部分进入多个气流孔56，并且与喷嘴16中的空气和燃料混合。沿着防护罩间隙28引导稀释剂流22允许气流孔56附近的稀释剂流22的注入，以增加稀释剂流22的效率。此外，稀释剂流22通过活塞环间隙44被计量，并且，由于使用定位突片48来建立一致的活塞环间隙44，因而该稀释剂流22围绕挡板12是一致的。因此，所要求的稀释剂流的量被减少，从而减少例如动态变化和贫燃熄火的运行性问题。
虽然已结合仅有限数目的实施例详细描述了本发明，但应当容易地理解，本发明不限于此类公开的实施例。相反，本发明可进行修改以结合非此前所述但是与本发明的精神和范围相称的任意数目的变型、改型、替代或等同装置。此外，虽然已描述了本发明的各种实施例，但是应理解的是，本发明的多个方面可仅包括其中一些所述实施例。因此，本发明不应视为由前述描述所限制，而是仅由所附权利要求的范围所限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃烧器(10)，包括：
挡板(12)，其包括至少一个贯通挡板孔(14)；
至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)，其延伸穿过所述至少一个贯通挡板孔(14)；
至少一个防护罩(26)，其固定到所述挡板(12)上，包括设置在所述至少一个防护罩(26)处的至少一个活塞环(42)，所述至少一个活塞环(42)构造成在所述至少一个防护罩(26)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)之间控制稀释剂流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个活塞环(42)包括至少一个定位特征(48)，该定位特征(48)能够安置在所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)中相应的定位槽(50)处。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个定位特征(48)在所述至少一个活塞环(42)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)之间设定活塞环间隙(44)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个防护罩(26)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)在两者之间限定流动通道(34)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个活塞环(42)设置在所述流动通道(34)的下游端的一端处。
6.一种用于将稀释剂提供给燃烧器(10)的方法，包括：
提供活塞环间隙(44)，其由设置在挡板(12)处的至少一个活塞环(42)和延伸穿过所述挡板(12)中的贯通孔的燃料喷嘴(16)限定；和
使稀释剂朝向所述燃料喷嘴(16)中的至少一个气流孔流动穿过所述活塞环间隙(44)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，使所述稀释剂(22)流动穿过流动通道(34)，该流动通道(34)在所述活塞环间隙(44)的上游由固定到所述挡板(12)上的防护罩(26)和所述燃料喷嘴(16)限定。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个活塞环(42)设置在所述防护罩(26)中的至少一个活塞环槽(38)中。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述稀释剂(22)的至少一部分在所述活塞环间隙(44)的下游进入所述燃料喷嘴(16)中的至少一个气流孔。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个活塞环(42)包括至少一个定位特征(48)，该定位特征(48)能够安置在所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)中的相应的定位槽(50)处。
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