CN101725973A - 燃料喷嘴稀释剂引入的方法和装置 - Google Patents

燃料喷嘴稀释剂引入的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101725973A
CN101725973A CN200910174088A CN200910174088A CN101725973A CN 101725973 A CN101725973 A CN 101725973A CN 200910174088 A CN200910174088 A CN 200910174088A CN 200910174088 A CN200910174088 A CN 200910174088A CN 101725973 A CN101725973 A CN 101725973A
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fuel nozzle
dividing plate
diluent
protective cover
burner
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J·E·巴顿
J·D·贝里
M·A·哈利
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00012—Details of sealing devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及燃料喷嘴稀释剂引入的方法和装置，具体地说，公开了一种燃烧器，其包括具有至少一个穿通式隔板孔的隔板和延伸穿过该至少一个隔板孔的至少一个燃料喷嘴。防护罩设置在隔板和该至少一个燃料喷嘴之间且附连至隔板。防护罩中的多个开口构造成在隔板孔和该至少一个燃料喷嘴之间计量稀释剂流。此外公开了一种用于将稀释剂提供给燃烧器的方法，其包括提供设置在防护罩中的多个开口，该防护罩附连至隔板且设置在隔板和延伸穿过隔板中的穿通孔的至少一个燃料喷嘴之间。使稀释剂穿过该多个开口朝向该至少一个燃料喷嘴中的至少一个气流开口而流动。

Description

燃料喷嘴稀释剂引入的方法和装置
技术领域
本主题发明大致涉及燃烧器(combustor)。更具体地说，本主题发明涉及通过燃料喷嘴将稀释剂流(diluent flow)引入到燃烧器中。
背景技术
燃烧器典型地包括一个或多个燃料喷嘴，其将燃料或燃料与空气的混合物引入至燃烧室，在该燃烧室中，该燃料或燃料与空气的混合物被点燃。在某些燃烧器中，燃料喷嘴延伸穿过设置在燃烧器的隔板(baffle plate)中的孔。在这些燃烧器中，通常有利的是，将一定体积的稀释剂(通常是氮或蒸汽)引入至燃烧器以降低NOx排放和/或增加燃烧器的输出。稀释剂被推动自腔室穿过隔板与各个燃料喷嘴之间的间隙且随后沿着燃料喷嘴的周边而流动，在该处，稀释剂的一部分通过燃料喷嘴的空气套环(air collar)中的孔进入燃料喷嘴。但是，由于隔板与燃料喷嘴之间的装配公差累积(assembly tolerance stack-up)，隔板与燃料喷嘴之间的间隙会改变。间隙的变化导致围绕各个喷嘴和贯穿燃烧器组件的稀释剂流的变化。此外，间隙与燃料喷嘴中的空气套环孔之间的轴向间距允许稀释剂到达燃烧反应区而没有穿过燃料喷嘴并直接与燃料和空气相混合。这两种效应均降低了稀释剂效率，并且因此，需要更大体积的稀释剂以实现等效量的进入到燃料喷嘴中的稀释剂流。沿着燃料喷嘴流动的过量的稀释剂导致燃烧器中的例如动态特性(dynamics)和贫燃熄火(lean blow out)等的可操作性(operability)问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，一种燃烧器包括具有至少一个穿通式隔板孔(through baffle hole)的隔板和延伸穿过该至少一个隔板孔(baffle hole)的至少一个燃料喷嘴。防护罩(shroud)设置在隔板和该至少一个燃料喷嘴之间且附连至隔板。防护罩中的多个开口(opening)构造成对隔板孔和该至少一个燃料喷嘴之间的稀释剂流进行计量(meter)。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种用于将稀释剂提供给燃烧器的方法包括提供设置在防护罩中的多个开口，该防护罩附连至隔板且设置在隔板和延伸穿过隔板中的穿通孔(through hole)的至少一个燃料喷嘴之间。使稀释剂穿过该多个开口朝向该至少一个燃料喷嘴中的至少一个气流开口而流动。
结合附图，这些及其它优点和特征将从下文的描述中变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
在说明书所附的权利要求中特别地指出并明确地主张了被视为本发明的主题。结合所附图纸，从下文的详细描述中，本发明的上述及其它特征和优点是显而易见的，其中：
图1是燃烧器的实施例的截面图；
图2是燃烧器的隔板组件的实施例的端视图；
图3是图2的隔板组件的实施例的截面图；以及
图4是将稀释剂供应至由图2的隔板组件所限定的气室(plenum)的盖环(cover ring)的实施例。
具体实施方式参考附图以示例性的方式解释了本发明的实施例以及优点和特征。
部件列表：
10燃烧器
12隔板
14隔板孔
16燃料喷嘴
18盖环
20气室
22稀释剂流
24孔口(orifice)
26防护罩
28联结法兰
30上游面
32下游面
34外表面
36流动通道(flow channel)
38活塞环
40活塞环槽
42末端(tip end)
44注入孔(injection hole)
46外部
48喷嘴中心轴线
50气流开口
52气流
具体实施方式
图1中所示的是燃烧器10。该燃烧器10包括具有六个隔板孔14的隔板12，六个燃料喷嘴16延伸穿过该六个隔板孔14，例如，如图2中最佳地所示的，每个隔板孔14被一个燃料喷嘴16延伸穿过。虽然图2中显示了六个燃料喷嘴16，但是应认识到的是，可采用其它数量的燃料喷嘴16，例如，一个燃料喷嘴16或四个燃料喷嘴16。如图3中所示，隔板12和盖环18限定了气室20，稀释剂流22被引导通过盖环18中的一阵列孔口24(在图4中最佳地显示)而进入该气室20中。在某些实施例中，稀释剂流22可包括蒸汽，或其它的稀释剂(例如氮)。
如图3中所示，在每个燃料喷嘴16处，防护罩26设置成在隔板孔14处、在隔板12和燃料喷嘴16之间。图3的实施例中，防护罩26包括联结法兰28，该联结法兰28例如设置在隔板12的上游面30处。在某些实施例中，通过焊接将联结法兰28固定至上游面30，但是也可使用例如机械紧固件、铜焊、或粘接剂等的其它的手段。此外，应认识到的是，可将防护罩26固定至隔板12的其它部分(例如下游面32)。防护罩26和燃料喷嘴16的外表面34限定了在它们之间的流动通道36。两个活塞环38设置在防护罩26处以在防护罩26和燃料喷嘴16之间实现密封。如图3中所示，各个活塞环38设置在防护罩26的末端42处的活塞环槽40中。应认识到的是，虽然图3中显示两个活塞环38和两个活塞环槽40，但是可采用其它的每活塞环槽40的活塞环38数量以及其它的槽40的数量。例如，每个活塞环槽40中可设置两个或三个活塞环38，并且/或者，可采用一个或三个活塞环槽40。多个注入孔44穿过防护罩26而自流动通道36延伸到燃烧器的头端(head end)处的隔板12的外部46。该多个注入孔44可定向成与喷嘴中心轴线48成一定角度，或者，如图3中所示，可大体上(substantially)平行于该喷嘴中心轴线48。
在运行中，稀释剂流22以从气室20出发沿着流动通道36并穿过该多个注入孔44的方式被引导。一旦离开该多个注入孔44，则稀释剂流22的至少一部分进入燃料喷嘴16中的多个气流开口50。在某些实施例中，进入该多个气流开口50的稀释剂流22与进入该多个气流开口50的气流52相混合。
通过该至少一个活塞环38在隔板12和燃料喷嘴16之间实现密封以及引导稀释剂流22穿过该多个注入开口(injection opening)44允许气流开口50附近的稀释剂流22的注入用以提高稀释剂流22的效率。此外，稀释剂流22通过注入开口44而被计量且对于隔板12中的每个隔板孔14而言是一致的。因此，降低了所要求的稀释剂流22的体积从而减少了例如动态特性和贫燃熄火等的运行性问题。
虽然已结合仅有限数目的实施例详细描述本发明，但应容易理解的是，本发明不局限于这些所公开的实施例。更确切地说，本发明可被修改以包括此前未描述但与本发明的精神和范围相称的任意数目的变型、改型、替代或等效布置。此外，虽然已描述本发明的各种实施例，但是应理解的是，本发明的方面可仅包括所述实施例中的一些。因此，本发明不应视为受前述描述所限制，而是仅受所附权利要求的范围所限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃烧器(10)，包括：
包括至少一个穿通式隔板孔(14)的隔板(12)；
延伸穿过所述至少一个穿通式隔板孔(14)的至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)；
设置在所述隔板(12)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)之间的防护罩(26)，所述防护罩(26)附连至所述隔板(12)；
在所述防护罩(26)中的多个开口，所述开口构造成在所述隔板(12)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)之间计量稀释剂(22)流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个活塞环(38)密封于所述防护罩(26)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个活塞环(38)设置在至少一个活塞环槽(40)中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述多个开口大体上平行于所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)的中心轴线而延伸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述多个开口构造成将所述稀释剂(22)流引向所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)中的多个气流开口(50)。
6.一种用于将稀释剂(22)提供给燃烧器(10)的方法，包括：
提供设置在防护罩(26)中的多个开口，该防护罩(26)附连至隔板(12)且设置在所述隔板(12)和延伸穿过所述隔板(12)中的穿通孔的至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)之间；以及
使所述稀释剂(22)穿过所述多个开口流向所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)中的至少一个气流开口(50)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括使所述稀释剂(22)沿着由所述防护罩(26)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)的外表面(34)所限定的流动通道(36)流动。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括使所述稀释剂(22)的至少一部分流动到所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)中的至少一个气流开口(50)中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将所述稀释剂(22)的至少一部分与进入所述至少一个气流开口(50)的气流相混合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括在所述防护罩(26)和所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(16)之间实现密封，从而防止其间的稀释剂(22)流。
CN200910174088A 2008-10-14 2009-10-14 燃料喷嘴稀释剂引入的方法和装置 Pending CN101725973A (zh)

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US12/251,050 US20100089022A1 (en) 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 Method and apparatus of fuel nozzle diluent introduction
US12/251050 2008-10-14

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