CN101720698A - Method for distant hybridization of megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis - Google Patents

Method for distant hybridization of megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis Download PDF

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CN101720698A
CN101720698A CN200910227153A CN200910227153A CN101720698A CN 101720698 A CN101720698 A CN 101720698A CN 200910227153 A CN200910227153 A CN 200910227153A CN 200910227153 A CN200910227153 A CN 200910227153A CN 101720698 A CN101720698 A CN 101720698A
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fish
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megalobrama amblycephala
erythroculter ilishaeformis
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CN101720698B (en
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刘少军
刘筠
罗凯坤
张纯
陶敏
赵如榕
何伟国
肖军
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Hunan Normal University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for distant hybridization of megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis, comprising the following steps of: firstly selecting gonad maturate, desease-free, intact female megalobrama amblycephala and male erythroculter ilishaeformis with good physical signs as the parent fish to culture in a special pool; then artificially inducing the parent fish to spawn in a mating season, carrying out artificial dry fertilization on the parent fish with good induced spawning effect, and carrying out lentic hatching on embryo finishing the fertilization in a culture plate; breeding fish fry finishing the hatching, and then testing the bred experimental fish by using a flow cell DNA content determination method and a peripheral blood cell culture chromosome ploidy detection method to obtain triploid fish and diploid fish formed by the megalobrama amblycephala and the erythroculter ilishaeformis. With the distant hybridization method, not only the diploid fish and the triploid fish with improved characters can be obtained, but also the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of distant hybridized progeny can be notably improved; and the method opens up a novel approach in producing and improving the diploid fish and the triploid fish, and has biological significance in the aspect of fish genetics-breeding.

Description

Megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fish hybridization method, relate in particular to the distant hybridization method in a kind of Cyprinidae Culter subfamily fish.
Background technology
Hybridization technique is an improvement fish proterties method commonly used, affiliation between planting or the hybridization more than between planting be commonly referred to as distant hybridization.Distant hybridization is as a kind of important fish genetic breeding and character improvement method, it can integrate a whole set of foreign gene, thereby change the regulation and control of filial generation expression of gene, make filial generation to show hybrid vigour at aspects such as growth rate, resistance, disease resistance and meats.The filial generation that forms as the inter-genera distant hybridization of red crucian carp and Xiangjiang wild carps have fast growth, Fresh ﹠ Tender in Texture, premunition strong, the survival rate advantages of higher; The filial generation that the inter-subfamily distant hybridization of red crucian carp and megalobrama amblycephala forms is except that having the above advantage of crucian carp carp hybridization fish, and the body back of the body also obviously increases, and the profile grace has good economic benefits.How to utilize and improve that prior biological learns a skill and method is come that the existing natural fingerling is carried out genetic improvement shape is more good to obtain, kind is abundant more and to the more significant novel polyploid fish of genetic research, just become the problem that those skilled in the art face and needs solution for a long time.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of fertilization rate height, incubation rate height, megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method that offspring's proterties is good, significant to genetic breeding are provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is a kind of megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method, may further comprise the steps: at first select gonad maturity, anosis nothing is hindered, female megalobrama amblycephala (maternal parent population) that sign is good and male erythroculter ilishaeformis (male parent parent population) carry out special pond as parent population and cultivate, in mating season described parent population is carried out artificial induced spawning then, the selection respond well parent population of hastening parturition carries out the insemination of artificial dry method, embryo after insemination is finished carries out the hatching of culture dish hydrostatic, fry after hatching finished is raised, again the experiment fish after raising is detected, screening obtains megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis hybridization triploid fish and liploid fish.
Above-mentioned megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) selection of parent population and cultivation: before breeding period 5~6 months, female megalobrama amblycephala of select more than the body weight 1kg, the sexual maturity feature is obvious, sign is good and male erythroculter ilishaeformis carry out the cultivation of special pond as the parent population of distant hybridization, in breeding period previous month about every 2~3 days stimulation by running water once, to promote the gonadal maturation of described parent population; The good parent population of sign shows as generally that build is good, body colour is bright-coloured, physique is healthy and strong, anosis nothing is hindered;
2) artificial induced spawning: late May then described breeding period to late June, water temperature stability is in the time of 23 ℃~25 ℃, for described parent population injection lutern releasing hormone analog (LRH-A) is hastened parturition with the ocyodinic that mixes of human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), inject maternal parent population earlier, the consumption of described LRH-A is 10 μ g/kg, and the consumption of HCG is 600IU/kg; Inject the male parent parent population behind 4~5h again, the injected dose of male parent parent population reduces by half; Injection finishes the back by 1: the quantity of (1.5~2.5) is 80m than mother, male parent parent population are put into same water surface area 2About spawning pond in, in time in the pond, wash by water according to regimen then, after the preceding 3~4h of laying eggs injects certain water yield, stop water filling, allow described parent population in hydrostatic, hasten parturition, begin to lay eggs smoothly and produce smart until it; Preferably adopt the pectoral fin base portion not have abdominal cavity, squama place one pin injection during injection, to improve the survival rate of parent population;
3) insemination hatching: select the maternal parent population that egg laying amount is big, the quality of laying eggs is high and produce the big male parent parent population of smart amount and carry out artificial dry method insemination, it is that 23 ℃~24 ℃ culture dish carries out the hydrostatic hatching that fertilized egg places water temperature;
4) raise: after fry all hatches, prior to cultivating in the net cage 1~2 day, treat that fry the waist point occurs, begins after the flat trip fry changed in the pond of fostering and apply fertilizer in advance and raise, the soya-bean milk of splashing after 3~4 days, splash every day 2~3 times, make every effort to thin, even when splashing, after the experiment fish grows up to after testing, screening obtains megalobrama amblycephala and hybridizes triploid fish and liploid fish with erythroculter ilishaeformis.
In above-mentioned megalobrama amblycephala and the erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method, the concrete grammar that the experiment fish after described growing up to is detected is meant that the ploidy detection method of utilizing fluidic cell dna content determination method and peripheral blood cells to cultivate is carried out dna content to the experiment fish and the chromosome number purpose detects.The ploidy detection method of cultivating with fluidic cell dna content determination method and peripheral blood cells in the technical program come the test experience fishing gear do not kill the experiment fish, accurately, fast, result of the test advantage clearly.
Megalobrama amblycephala in the technique scheme (Megalobrama amblycephala) belongs to Cyprinidae, Culter subfamily, the liploid fish (2n=48) during triangular bream belongs to, and height is flat-sided, caudal peduncle is high and lack build grace, phytophagy, fast growth, fine and tender taste, fat U.S., fat is abundant; Erythroculter ilishaeformis (Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker) is under the jurisdiction of Cyprinidae, the Culter subfamily, liploid fish (2n=48) during Culter belongs to is large-scale economic freshwater fish, and growth rapidly, lower oxygen concentration resistance, adaptability and premunition are extremely strong, ingest (containing severe winter) throughout the year, and meat is pure white fresh and tender, be of high nutritive value, be subjected to people's favor deeply.The present invention is maternal by testing the final megalobrama amblycephala of selecting repeatedly, and erythroculter ilishaeformis is that male parent is carried out novel triploid, the diploid hybrid fish that distant hybridization has obtained to possess multiple heterosis, hybrid vigor.Compare similar cross experiment, its fertilization rate and incubation rate are significantly improved.Filial generation integrated this bodily form of father and mother grace, growth rapidly, merits such as fine and tender taste, nutritive value height, and successfully solved the problem that distant hybrid progeny can not be survived or survival rate is lower.
In addition, the novel polyploid hybridization fish of the inventive method acquisition is also significant aspect fish polyploid breeding and organic evolution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is megalobrama amblycephala in the embodiment of the invention (♀) * erythroculter ilishaeformis
Figure G2009102271539D00021
The profile photo of liploid fish among the offspring;
Fig. 2 is megalobrama amblycephala in the embodiment of the invention (♀) * erythroculter ilishaeformis The chromosome map of liploid fish (2n=48) among the offspring;
Fig. 3 is megalobrama amblycephala in the embodiment of the invention (♀) * erythroculter ilishaeformis
Figure G2009102271539D00023
The profile photo of triploid fish among the offspring;
Fig. 4 is megalobrama amblycephala in the embodiment of the invention (♀) * erythroculter ilishaeformis
Figure G2009102271539D00024
The chromosome map of triploid fish (3n=72) among the offspring;
Fig. 5 is the dna content figure of the megalobrama amblycephala measured in the embodiment of the invention;
Megalobrama amblycephala (the ♀) * erythroculter ilishaeformis of Fig. 6 for measuring in the embodiment of the invention
Figure G2009102271539D00031
The dna content figure of liploid fish among the offspring;
Megalobrama amblycephala (the ♀) * erythroculter ilishaeformis of Fig. 7 for measuring in the embodiment of the invention
Figure G2009102271539D00032
The dna content figure of triploid fish among the offspring.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Before breeding period 5~6 months, female megalobrama amblycephala of select more than the body weight 1kg, the sexual maturity feature is obvious, build good, body colour is bright-coloured, physique is healthy and strong, anosis nothing is hindered and male erythroculter ilishaeformis carry out the cultivation of special pond as the parent population of distant hybridization, the feed of rationally throwing something and feeding, particularly in breeding period previous month about every 2~3 days stimulation by running water once, well grow to promote the parent population sexual gland.
Late May then breeding period to late June, when water temperature stability during at 23~25 ℃, selecting the above-mentioned parent population injection LRH-A that sign is good, gonad development is good hastens parturition with the ocyodinic that mixes of HCG, inject female megalobrama amblycephala earlier, the consumption of LRH-A is 10 μ g/kg, and the consumption of HCG is 600IU/kg; Inject male erythroculter ilishaeformis behind 4~5h again, dosage reduces by half; Be 80m by about 1: 2 quantity than mother, male parent parent population are put into same water surface area immediately after injection finishes 2About spawning pond in, increasing the touch opportunity of mother, male parent parent population, improve spawning rate.In time in the pond, wash by water according to regimen then, especially at the preceding 3~4h of laying eggs, inject certain water yield after, stop water filling, allow fish in hydrostatic, hasten parturition, begin to lay eggs smoothly and produce essence until it.Simultaneously, the water surface hangs a gauze of screen window, to detect the situation of laying eggs of oestrusing of parent population.Adopt the pectoral fin base portion not have abdominal cavity, squama place one pin injection during injection, to improve the survival rate of parent population.
When finding that parent population is " helical form " and chases in spawning pond, after speckling with an amount of ovum grain on the gauze of screen window, begin to draw in the net to salvage parent population and detect that (attention will be used soft net, it is light that operation is wanted, detect in the water), hasten parturition respond well female megalobrama amblycephala and male erythroculter ilishaeformis are carried out artificial dry method insemination, smart ovum is clamp-oned in the clean porcelain basin, ceaselessly stir 2~3min rapidly with clean feather, with feather fertilized egg evenly being laid on preprepared rapidly then is equipped with in the clean culture dish of low amounts of water, density is controlled at about 800~1000/culture dish, after fertilized egg sticks on the culture dish with clear water rinsing one time gently, put into room temperature then at once and be 23 ℃~24 ℃ hatching room and fill it up with the hatching of clear water hydrostatic, change water 2~3 every day between the incubation period.
After fry all hatches,, treat that fry the waist point occurs, begins after the flat trip fry changed in the pond of fostering and apply fertilizer in advance and raise prior to cultivating in the net cage 1~2 day, the soya-bean milk of splashing after 3~4 days, splash every day 2~3 times, make every effort to thin, even, long until fry to normally ingesting.
Between the incubation period, statistics embryo's fertilization rate and incubation rate.Fertilization rate and the incubation rate of megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant hybridization fish are respectively 78% and 62%, compare similar cross experiment, and its fertilization rate and incubation rate have obtained improving significantly.
Fry was raised after 3~4 months, sampling, its biology shape related data of Measurement and analysis immediately, and compare with every given data of megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis adult fish respectively, the result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: the denumerable proterties of megalobrama amblycephala, erythroculter ilishaeformis and filial generation thereof is (unit: sheet or bar) relatively
Figure G2009102271539D00041
Annotate: the Roman number that goes up capitalization in the table is represented the number of hard sour jujube bar, and Arabic numerals are represented the number of fin ray.
Above-mentioned denumerable proterties data table related is bright: two kinds of filial generation fishes have all been integrated the feature of his father, female parent (megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis) substantially on external form, number of lateral as dliploid triangular bream Culter and triploid triangular bream Culter is respectively 64~68,56~61, between 49~52 and erythroculter ilishaeformis of megalobrama amblycephala 80~92 between; The then paternal inheritance partially that has is respectively 13~15,14~15 as scale number on the side line, has all surpassed the scope of its female parent 9~10, and near 16~20 of male parent.In addition, the profile photo of these two kinds of filial generation fishes is shown in Fig. 1 (dliploid) and Fig. 3 (triploid), relatively can find from profile, the head of two kinds of filial generation fishes is all similar to megalobrama amblycephala, and the height of dliploid triangular bream Culter, tail fin partially picture in erythroculter ilishaeformis, the height of triploid triangular bream Culter, tail fin then look like partially in megalobrama amblycephala, and bodily form grace is Fresh ﹠ Tender in Texture.These illustrate that all triploid triangular bream Culter and dliploid triangular bream Culter are the filial generations of megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis.
The ploidy detection method of cultivating with peripheral blood cells is carried out sampling Detection to the chromosome number of somatic of triploid and diploid hybrid fish again, find that the shorter person of the body back of the body is dliploid (2n=48) in megalobrama amblycephala and the erythroculter ilishaeformis filial generation, body back of the body the higher person is triploid (3n=72), and the chromosome map of the two is respectively as Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 4.
Simultaneously, be reference with common megalobrama amblycephala, with the dna content in cells were tested by flow cytometry dliploid triangular bream Culter and the triploid triangular bream Culter red blood cell, the result is respectively shown in Fig. 5,6,7.Data as can be known in the analysis chart, the DNA average content of megalobrama amblycephala, dliploid triangular bream Culter and triploid triangular bream Culter is respectively 74.55,72.76 and 107.78, dliploid triangular bream Culter is 0.976 with the DNA average content ratio of contrast megalobrama amblycephala, does not have significant difference between 1: 1 theoretical ratio of this ratio and expectation; Triploid triangular bream Culter is 1.446 with the DNA average content ratio of contrast megalobrama amblycephala, does not have significant difference between 1.5: 1 theoretical ratios of this ratio and expectation.These result of the tests are consistent with the result that the ploidy detection method that peripheral blood cells is cultivated obtains.
The ploidy detection method operating procedure that peripheral blood cells is cultivated in the foregoing description is: 1) prepare medium in superclean bench, the 100ml medium contains following composition: 84ml RPMI-1640 (RPMI-1640), the 15ml calf serum, 2 phytohemagglutin phytolectins (PHA), 1ml 0.1% liquaemin is with 7.5%NaHCO 3(aseptic) or 1NHCl transfer pH to 7.2~7.4; 2) draw a small amount of sterilization heparin sodium aqua with syringe, in getting blood with the experiment fish tail portion vein behind the iodine disinfection; 3) by adding the anticoagulant standard of about 0.2ml in every 10ml culture fluid anticoagulation is added in the culture fluid, cultivate 68~72h in the incubator of 24 ℃ 5% gas concentration lwevel, between culture period, regularly jog is even, so that cell fully contacts medium; 4) stop cultivating preceding 24h, be added dropwise to the colchicin of 10 μ g/ml with the 1ml syringe in culture fluid, making final concentration is 0.05~0.07 μ g/ml.Above step all needs sterile working.
The Chromosome Preparation step is in the foregoing description: 1) culture is all changed in the clean 10ml centrifuge tube, with the centrifugal 5min of 1000rpm, abandon supernatant; 2) in centrifuge tube, add hypotonic medium 9ml, mixing, hypotonic 25~30min; 3) add the 1ml fixer, the centrifugal 5min of 1000rpm behind the mixing abandons supernatant gently; 4) add the 5ml fixer, mixing gently leaves standstill the centrifugal 5min of 1000rpm behind the 20min, abandons supernatant; 5) repeating step 4 once; 6) how much look last cell quantity adds an amount of fixer and makes cell suspension (after being generally 1~2ml), drawing cell suspension and drip sheet from 20~30cm eminence, featheriness is loose, natural seasoning in the air; 7) Giemsa dye liquor dyeing 20~40min, dye liquor is removed at the thin current flushing slide back side, and gas is done the back microscopy, is taken pictures.
Fluidic cell dna content determination method step is in the foregoing description: use through the wetting disposable syringe of heparin from the about 0.2mL of fish tail vein blood vessel blood sampling, the Eppendorf pipe of 0.8% physiological saline is equipped with in injection, in blood and mixed liquor of normal saline, add 1mL cell nucleus extract DAPI-A (nuclei extraction solution, Germany Partec Gmbh provides), processing time 10~15min; Sample filters through 20 μ m NFs (German Partec GmbH provides); DNA dyeing liquor (DAPI-B, German Partec GmbH provides) is statically placed in the about 5~10min of dark place stained specimens, goes up machine testing then.
Triploid, diploid hybrid fish that the present embodiment method obtains, not only integrated the multinomial merit of these parent populations of father and mother, also significantly improve the fertilization rate and the incubation rate of distant hybridization, had important biological significance aspect organic evolution research and the fish genetic breeding.

Claims (3)

1. megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method, may further comprise the steps: at first select gonad maturity, anosis nothing is hindered, female megalobrama amblycephala that sign is good and male erythroculter ilishaeformis carry out special pond as parent population and cultivate, in mating season described parent population is carried out artificial induced spawning then, the selection respond well parent population of hastening parturition carries out the insemination of artificial dry method, embryo after insemination is finished carries out the hatching of culture dish hydrostatic, fry after hatching finished is raised, again the experiment fish after raising is detected, screening obtains megalobrama amblycephala and erythroculter ilishaeformis hybridization triploid fish and liploid fish.
2. megalobrama amblycephala according to claim 1 and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method is characterized in that, described method specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) selection of parent population and cultivation: before breeding period 5~6 months, female megalobrama amblycephala of select more than the body weight 1kg, the sexual maturity feature is obvious, sign is good and male erythroculter ilishaeformis carry out the cultivation of special pond as the parent population of distant hybridization, previous month once in breeding period every 2~3 days stimulation by running water, to promote the gonadal maturation of described parent population;
2) artificial induced spawning: late May then described breeding period to late June, water temperature stability is in the time of 23 ℃~25 ℃, for described parent population injection lutern releasing hormone analog is hastened parturition with the ocyodinic that mixes of human chorionic gonadtropin, inject maternal parent population earlier, the consumption of described lutern releasing hormone analog is 10 μ g/kg, and the consumption of human chorionic gonadtropin is 600IU/kg; Inject the male parent parent population behind 4~5h again, the injected dose of male parent parent population reduces by half; Injection finishes the back by 1: the quantity of (1.5~2.5) is than female, male parent parent population are put into the spawning pond that same water surface area is 80m2, in time in the pond, wash by water according to regimen then, behind the preceding 3~4h injected water volume of laying eggs, stop water filling, allow described parent population in hydrostatic, hasten parturition, begin to lay eggs smoothly and produce smart until it;
3) insemination hatching: select the maternal parent population that egg laying amount is big, the quality of laying eggs is high and produce the big male parent parent population of smart amount and carry out artificial dry method insemination, it is that 23 ℃~24 ℃ culture dish carries out the hydrostatic hatching that fertilized egg places water temperature;
4) raise: after fry all hatches, prior to cultivating in the net cage 1~2 day, treat that fry the waist point occurs, begins after the flat trip fry changed in the pond of fostering and apply fertilizer in advance and raise, the soya-bean milk of splashing after 3~4 days, splash every day 2~3 times, after the experiment fish grows up to after testing, screening obtains megalobrama amblycephala and sticks up red platinum hybridization triploid fish of mouth and liploid fish.
3. megalobrama amblycephala according to claim 2 and erythroculter ilishaeformis distant crossing method is characterized in that: the concrete grammar that the experiment fish after described growing up to is detected is meant that the ploidy detection method of utilizing fluidic cell dna content determination method and peripheral blood cells to cultivate is carried out dna content to the experiment fish and the chromosome number purpose detects.
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