CN101707967B - Potato grafting cultivation method - Google Patents
Potato grafting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101707967B CN101707967B CN2009102182639A CN200910218263A CN101707967B CN 101707967 B CN101707967 B CN 101707967B CN 2009102182639 A CN2009102182639 A CN 2009102182639A CN 200910218263 A CN200910218263 A CN 200910218263A CN 101707967 B CN101707967 B CN 101707967B
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Abstract
The invention provides a potato grafting cultivation method. In the invention, through the steps of cultivating rootstock, collecting grafted ears, grafting, covering and the like, a whole plant can bear potatoes in a stereoscopic multi-layer way, an acre yield can reach more than 10000 kg, thus the land output capacity is improved, and the economic income is doubled or quadrupled; because the rootstock has good growing momentum with less strict requirements on a planted land and low application dose of fertilizer and agricultural pesticide, the investment for planting potatoes is low, multiple harvests can be achieved with once cultivation, and the production cost is greatly reduced; and by adopting the matching between potato plants with different varieties, the potatoes with different colors and shapes can be born on the same plant, which is full of effects of landscape plants. The invention integrates high yield, edibility and ornamentality for people to pick and appreciate, and adds a new path for increasing income of farmers. The invention effectively solves the problems of low potato yield per unit, large consumption amount of potato seeds, fertilizer and agriculture pesticide, high cost, environment pollution and the like, and has better economical, ecological and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop cultivation methods, relate in particular to potato grafting cultivation method, belong to the arviculture technical field.
Background technology
Potato is a Solanaceae Solanum annual herb plant, is to occupy at present after wheat and the rice, as the big important crops in third place in the world.Because the moisture of potato tubers is more, fat is less, the heat of unit volume is quite low, nutrient component is very comprehensive, trophic structure is more reasonable, and contains unexistent carotin of cereal crop and ascorbic acid, therefore, having very high nutritive value and medical value, is the important improved seeds that integrate grain and vegetables.The plantation of potato simultaneously also is one of mass peasants important channel of increasing income, shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity.
The plantation history of potato is comparatively long, but the potato yield of planting out with traditional planting technology average every mu about 3000 kilograms, there are problems such as damage by disease and insect is many, quality is not good in potato with existing kind of method for planting plantation in addition, causes potato yield to be difficult to obtain new breakthrough.In addition, because potato seed, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals input are bigger, not only economic benefit is low, but also makes soil deterioration, and ecotope is damaged.Continuous quickening along with China's Development of China's Urbanization, and the fast development of second and third industry, continuous deterioration with agroecological environment, China's arable area is reduced year by year, especially the society now that increase at population, food configuration changes, existing planting technology far can not satisfy the consumption demand of people to potato.Therefore, explore new potato seed planting technology, become current very important problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide the grafting cultivation method of a kind of potato, makes it plantation yield height, the measured potato of matter on less arable land, and has view preferably.
For achieving the above object, the present invention finishes by following technical proposal: the grafting cultivation method of a kind of potato is characterized in that the following step is arranged:
Cultivate stock: plant wild solanberry class plant seed and make it to emerge, and when growing to diameter and being 0.5-1cm, cut off at the stem stalk place that overhead 2cm is high, standby as the stock of grafting potato;
Gather the grafting fringe: gather the lateral bud that grows behind the point branch of well-grown removal top, as the grafting fringe of potato plant;
Grafting: splitting in the mouth of stock inserted in the grafting laterial bud fringe lower end that collects also fix;
Cover: the plant of grafting survival grows to 40～60cm when high, cover plant rhizome position, make it to grow to and grow underground potato tubers, along with the growth of plant, the president of axil place goes out potato tubers, reserve suitable top plant and carry out photosynthesis this moment, remaining bottom plant encloses with the shading screen skirt, is perhaps growing bagging on the stem stalk of potato tubers, and the control shading rate is more than 80%, air humidity 80～90%, the potato growth and maturity on underground potato and plant;
Perhaps
The plant of grafting survival grows to 40～60cm when high, cover plant rhizome position, make it to grow to and grow underground potato tubers, growth along with plant, the president of axil place goes out potato tubers, at this moment, continue to allow it freely grow into different shape, the potato growth and maturity on underground potato and plant.
Described wild solanberry class plant seed is red eggplant seed or datura seed.
Described grafting method is any conventional grafting method of the prior art, and what the present invention adopted is the grafting laterial bud method, expands numerous coefficient to improve.
Described covering plant rhizome position, be to adopt in soil, the straw one or both, it is thick to cover the plant rhizome 10～30cm of portion, so that shading, preserve moisture, and promote it to form normal underground potato tubers, avoid simultaneously producing solanine and the consumption that influences potato.
Describedly enclose with the shading screen skirt the bottom plant, be for shading, preserve moisture, promote the growth of potato tubers on the plant, the consumption of avoiding simultaneously producing solanine and influencing potato, and along with growth of plant and constantly growing of axil place potato tubers, improve constantly the shading screen skirt and enclose height, until the potato maturation.
Described on the plants stems stalk bagging be for shading, preserve moisture, promote the growth of potato tubers on the plant, avoid simultaneously producing solanine and the consumption that influences potato, and along with growth of plant and constantly growing of axil place potato tubers, constantly increase bagging, until the potato maturation.
When described axil director goes out potato tubers, continue to allow it freely grow into different shape, promptly do not carry out bagging and the shading screen skirt encloses processing, cultivate as ornamental plant, the underground potato in ripe back is direct-edible, but the potato on the plant is except that as viewing and admiring the fruit, can only be as producing the raw material of industry such as starch, because of influenced by photosynthesis, can make potato generation solanine and influence its consumption.
The present invention compares with planting technology of the prior art, has the outstanding effect of the following aspects:
1, economic benefit aspect, the first, this technology is by methods such as covering, bagging or shading screen skirt enclose, can realize that the complete stool stereoscopic multi-layer bears potato, and per mu yield can reach more than 10000 kilograms, improves the soil output capacity, and income has been turned over one to two kind; The second, not tight to the requirement of plantation plot because the growth impetus of stock is strong, chemical fertilizer, applications of pesticide amount reduce, and potato seed drops into very little, and once cultivation is repeatedly plucked, and production cost reduces greatly; The 3rd, utilize the collocation of different cultivars potato plant, can on same plant, bear the landscape plant effect of various different colours and form potato, integrate high yield, edibility and sight, the confession people pluck and view and admire, and have greatly increased growers' income.
2, ecological benefits aspect, since with fructovegetative of wild eggplant as the potato root system, absorbing capacity is strong, plant strain growth is vigorous, reduced water and soil loss, reduce chemical fertilizer, applications of pesticide amount, when reducing cost, also alleviated the pollution of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals soil, water source and ecotope.
3, social benefit aspect, the first, the popularization of this technology, practicable industrialization, factorial seedling growth, the problem of solution cities and towns, agricultural population employment trouble increases income.The second, the popularization of this technology makes the potato kind abundanter, and gross yield improves, and is playing positive role aspect substantial citizen's vegetable basket and the guarantee grain security.
In a word, the present invention efficiently solves the per unit area yield that exists in the potato planting and yields poorly, potato seed, chemical fertilizer, applications of pesticide amount are big, the cost height, economic benefit is low, problems such as contaminated environment both for people provide a kind of potato plants that integrates high yield, edibility and sight, were added new approach for increasing peasant income again again.
The technology of the present invention route is feasible, and cost is low, and is simple to operate, practical, with short production cycle, and instant effect applies having a high potential, and has better economic, ecology and social benefit, is a leading innovation.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
1, the datura seed of selective maturation is sowed, and field management routinely behind the seed sprouting makes plant strain growth when strain stalk diameter reaches 0.5cm, and the stock that promptly can be used as the grafting potato is standby;
2, select commercial No. 1 potato seed 100 strains of purple cloud and red taro potato seed 50 strains to sow, according to the potato field management of routine potato seed being grown to emerges, grow up to plant afterwards again, remove the advantage branch on plant top, to promote the growth of racemosus side shoot, until on each side shoot, growing lateral bud, to prepare enough satisfactory potato grafting fringe, wherein, 1 strain potato collects average 62 grafting laterial bud fringes, downcuts lateral bud;
3, the stock of step 1 is cut off at the stem stalk place that overhead 2cm is high, after the lateral bud lower end that step 2 is downcut is whittled into wedge shape then, directly inserts the splitting in the mouth of stock, and fix with plastic strip, grafting 150 strains altogether, the lateral bud survival rate after the grafting is 100%;
4, the plant of above-mentioned 3 step grafting survivals grows to 40cm when high, it is thick to cover the plant rhizome 10cm of portion with soil, be used for shading, preserve moisture, promote it to form underground potato tubers, and avoid producing solanine and the consumption that influences potato, potato field management routinely makes plant and underground potato tubers normal growth simultaneously;
5, when the plant of above-mentioned 4 steps grows tall to when its axil director goes out potato tubers, reserve suitable top plant and carry out photosynthesis, remaining bottom plant encloses with the shading screen skirt, and along with growth of plant and constantly growing of axil place potato tubers, improve constantly the shading screen skirt and enclose height, control shading rate simultaneously more than 80%, air humidity 80%, so that shading, preserve moisture, promote the growth of the potato tubers on the plant, and avoid producing solanine and the consumption that influences potato potato field management routinely simultaneously, the potato growth and maturity on underground potato and plant;
6, pluck the potato of growth and maturity, finally each individual plant on average obtains 23.64 potatos in good time, and single potato on average weighs 143 grams, 3.38 kilograms of the average gross weights of strain potato, 507 kilograms of potatos are gathered in the crops in 150 strains altogether, calculate by every mu of 3200 strains of planting, and can get the potato of 10.82 tons of per mu yields.
Embodiment 2
1, the datura seed of selective maturation is sowed, and field management routinely behind the seed sprouting makes plant strain growth when strain stalk diameter reaches 1cm, and the stock that promptly can be used as the grafting potato is standby;
2, select commercial No. 1 potato seed 100 strains of purple cloud and red taro potato seed 50 strains to sow, according to the potato field management of routine potato seed being grown to emerges, grow up to plant afterwards again, remove the advantage branch on plant top, to promote the growth of racemosus side shoot, until on each side shoot, growing lateral bud, to prepare enough satisfactory potato grafting fringe, wherein, 1 strain potato collects average 68 grafting laterial bud fringes, downcuts lateral bud;
3, the stock of step 1 is cut off at the stem stalk place that overhead 2cm is high, after the lateral bud lower end that step 2 is downcut is whittled into wedge shape then, directly inserts the splitting in the mouth of stock, and fix with plastic strip, grafting 150 strains altogether, the lateral bud survival rate after the grafting is 100%;
4, the plant of above-mentioned 3 step grafting survivals grows to 60cm when high, it is thick to cover the plant rhizome 30cm of portion with straw, be used for shading, preserve moisture, promote it to form underground potato tubers, and avoid producing solanine and the consumption that influences potato, potato field management routinely makes plant and underground potato tubers normal growth simultaneously;
5, the plant when above-mentioned 4 steps grows tall to when its axil director goes out potato tubers, growing bagging on the stem stalk of potato tubers, and along with growth of plant and constantly growing of axil place potato tubers, constantly increase bagging, control shading rate simultaneously more than 80%, air humidity 90%, so that shading, preserve moisture, promote the growth of the potato tubers on the plant, and avoid producing solanine and the consumption that influences potato, potato field management routinely simultaneously, the potato growth and maturity on underground potato and plant;
6, pluck the potato of growth and maturity, finally each individual plant on average obtains 19 potatos in good time, and single potato on average weighs 153 grams, 2.91 kilograms of the average gross weights of strain potato, 436.5 kilograms of potatos are gathered in the crops in 150 strains altogether, calculate by every mu of 3200 strains of planting, and can get the potato of 9.31 tons of per mu yields.
Embodiment 3
1, the red eggplant seed of selective maturation is sowed, and field management routinely behind the seed sprouting makes plant strain growth when strain stalk diameter reaches 0.8cm, promptly can be used as potato set grafting stock;
2, select commercial No. 1 potato seed 100 strains of purple cloud and red taro potato seed 50 strains to sow, conventional field management according to potato, potato seed is grown to emerge, grow up to plant afterwards again, remove the advantage branch on plant top, to promote the racemosus collateral generation, until on each side shoot, growing lateral bud, to prepare enough the potato grafting fringe of satisfactory different colours, wherein, 1 strain potato on average collects 65 grafting laterial bud fringes, downcuts lateral bud;
3, the stock of step 1 is cut off at the plant stalk place that overhead 2cm is high, after the lateral bud lower end that step 2 is downcut is whittled into wedge shape, directly insert the splitting in the mouth of stock, fix with plastic strip, grafting 150 strains altogether, survival rate is 100%;
4, grow to 50cm when high when the plant of 3 step grafting survivals, it is thick to cover the plant rhizome 10cm of portion with straw earlier, overburden soil 10cm is thick on straw again, so that shading, preserve moisture, promote it to form underground edible potato tubers, and avoid producing solanine and influence the potato consumption, potato field management routinely simultaneously makes plant and underground potato tubers normal growth;
5, the plant when above-mentioned 4 steps grows tall to when its axil director goes out potato tubers, bagging not, also not shading, and allow it freely grow into different shape and purple, the red stronger potato of sight, potato field management routinely simultaneously makes potato tubers and underground potato tubers normal growth on plant, the plant extremely ripe;
6, pluck the potato of growth and maturity in good time, final each individual plant on average gets 16.5 of potatos, single potato on average weighs 143 grams, 2.36 kilograms of the average gross weights of strain potato, purple-colored potato 66%, red potato 34%, calculate according to every mu of 3200 strains of planting, amount to 7.6 tons of per mu yields, the plant before plucking has ornamental value, underground potato after the harvesting has higher edibility, and the potato on the plant is then as the raw material of industry of producing starch.
Claims (5)
1. the grafting cultivation method of a potato is characterized in that the following step is arranged:
Cultivate stock: plant red eggplant seed or datura seed and make it to emerge, and when growing to diameter and being 0.5-1cm, cut off at the stem stalk place that overhead 2cm is high, standby as the stock of grafting potato;
Gather the grafting fringe: gather the lateral bud that grows behind the point branch of well-grown removal top, as the grafting fringe of potato plant;
Grafting: splitting in the mouth of stock inserted in the grafting laterial bud fringe lower end that collects also fix;
Cover: the plant of grafting survival grows to 40～60cm when high, cover plant rhizome position, make it to grow to and grow underground potato tubers, growth along with plant, the president of axil place goes out potato tubers, reserve suitable top plant and carry out photosynthesis this moment, remaining bottom plant encloses with the shading screen skirt, perhaps growing bagging on the stem stalk of potato tubers, no matter be to enclose or bagging with the shade net skirt, control shading rate more than 80%, air humidity 80～90%, the potato growth and maturity on underground potato and plant;
Perhaps
The plant of grafting survival grows to 40～60cm when high, cover plant rhizome position, make it to grow to and grow underground potato tubers, growth along with plant, the president of axil place goes out potato tubers, at this moment, continue to allow it freely grow into different shape, the potato growth and maturity on underground potato and plant.
2. the grafting cultivation method of potato as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described covering plant rhizome position, is in employing soil, the straw one or both, and it is thick to cover the plant rhizome 10～30cm of portion.
3. the grafting cultivation method of potato as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that when the bottom plant encloses with the shading screen skirt, along with growth of plant and constantly growing of axil place potato tubers, improves constantly the shading screen skirt and encloses height, until the potato maturation.
4. the grafting cultivation method of potato as claimed in claim 1 when it is characterized in that on the plants stems stalk bagging, along with growth of plant and constantly growing of axil place potato tubers, constantly increases bagging, until the potato maturation.
5. the grafting cultivation method of potato as claimed in claim 1 when it is characterized in that the axil director goes out potato tubers, continues to allow it freely grow into different shape, being to cultivate as ornamental plant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009102182639A CN101707967B (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Potato grafting cultivation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009102182639A CN101707967B (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Potato grafting cultivation method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101707967A CN101707967A (en) | 2010-05-19 |
| CN101707967B true CN101707967B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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| CN2009102182639A Expired - Fee Related CN101707967B (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Potato grafting cultivation method |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2461169C1 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-09-20 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Горский государственный аграрный университет" | Method of placing potato on sloping lands |
| CN107517740B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2022-07-29 | 陈耕石 | Method for producing virus-free seed potatoes |
| CN107787698A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-13 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of production method for the seed potato for avoiding soil-borne disease from infecting |
| CN109673291B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-01-26 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Aerial sweet potato cultivation method for producing multiple lines/sweet potatoes at same tendril pressing position |
| CN112273079A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-01-29 | 闫玲鲁 | Grafting method of colorful ornamental sweet potatoes |
| CN115589861A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-01-13 | 浙江大学（Cn） | Method for rapidly realizing distant grafting of medlar and potato by using test tube grafting technology |
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