CN101704641B - 水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,步骤如下:先将纳米二氧化钛混晶与活性炭按重量比1∶1~2混料1~2h,得到活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料;然后将活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料和可再分散乳胶粉、减水剂和聚丙烯纤维按重量比1∶0.2~0.3∶0.04~0.06∶0.004~0.006的比例继续混料1~2h,即可。本发明制备工艺简单,制得的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂具具有长期稳定的光催化功能,能改善混凝土的流动性能、粘结性能和抗裂性能。既可以与水泥拌合成光催化水泥浆,作为一种方便涂刷的水泥基光催化涂料;也可以与水泥、砂拌合成水泥砂浆,形成混凝土表面具有一定厚度的水泥基光催化涂层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法。
背景技术
作为一种最常用的工程材料,水泥基材料逐渐向高性能和多功能的方向发展,如保温隔热、轻质高强等。然而,水泥基材料一方面本身具备良好的施工操作、力学性能和耐久性能;另一方面,又能光催化氧化大气中的污染气体,具备环保功能,这在国内外鲜有报道,主要是由于现有的纳米光催化材料容易团聚也无法有效地在水泥基材料中分散,并且极易被水泥水化产物所包裹而失去良好的光催化性能,而且也十分不利于水泥基材料的流动性能和力学性能的发展。所以,针对光催化材料在水泥基材料中的应用,必须采用合适的载体负载纳米光催化材料,促进纳米光催化材料的有效分散,同时需采取有效措施改善水泥基材料的使用功能和各项技术性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法。
本发明的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将纳米二氧化钛混晶与活性炭按重量比1∶1~2混料1~2h,得到活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料;
(2)将活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料和可再分散乳胶粉、减水剂和聚丙烯纤维按重量比1∶0.2~0.3∶0.04~0.06∶0.004~0.006的比例继续混料1~2h,得到在水泥基材料中应用的纳米光催化外加剂。
本发明中,所说的纳米二氧化钛混晶中锐钛矿型和金红石型分别占75%和25%。所说的活性炭为250目以上活性炭。所说的减水剂为减水率超过25%的聚羧酸减水剂或萘系减水剂。所说的聚丙烯纤维的长度为6mm~9mm。可再分散乳胶粉为市售氯乙烯、乙烯和月桂酰乙烯酯的三元共聚化合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明制备工艺简单,制得的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂由于经过活性炭负载,具备了更加良好和长期稳定的光催化功能;同时,由于可再分散乳胶粉和聚丙烯纤维的作用,水泥基材料的粘结性能、抗裂性能和力学性能均得到改善。将该纳米光催化外加剂掺入水泥基材料中使用,可有效避免水泥水化产物对纳米光催化材料光催化性能的不利影响,同时由于减水剂的增塑作用、聚合物的增粘作用和纤维的阻裂作用,改善了活性炭对混凝土流动性能、粘结性能和抗裂性能的不利影响,从而实现拌合良好的光催化性能、使用功能和技术性能的水泥基材料的目的。该纳米光催化外加剂既可以与水泥拌合成光催化水泥浆,作为一种方便涂刷的水泥基光催化涂料;也可以与水泥、砂拌合成水泥砂浆,形成混凝土表面具有一定厚度的水泥基光催化涂层。
具体实施方式
以下通过实例进一步对本发明进行描述。
实施例1
(1)将纳米二氧化钛混晶与活性炭按重量比1∶1混料2h,得到活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料。
(2)将活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料和氯乙烯、乙烯和月桂酰乙烯酯的三元共聚化合物可再分散乳胶粉、聚羧酸减水剂和聚丙烯纤维按重量比1∶0.3∶0.05∶0.005的比例继续混料2h,得到在水泥基材料中应用的纳米光催化外加剂。
(3)将42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥和本例制得的纳米光催化外加剂按重量比1∶0.25的比例混合,并加适量水调节成便于涂刷的浆体,涂刷在烧结多孔砖表面,待硬化成膜后养护7天。
该光催化水泥材料能在模拟日光条件下(其中254nm、290nm、365nm和420nm的光强分别为4.0~4.5、1.2~1.6、16~19和160~170μW/cm2)光催化氧化连续通过的浓度为30ppm的二氧化氮气体,其光催化效率达到75.0%,连续反应7.5小时后,光催化效率仍达到39.0%。
实施例2
(1)将纳米二氧化钛混晶与活性炭按重量比1∶0.75混料1.5h,得到活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料。
(2)将活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料和氯乙烯、乙烯和月桂酰乙烯酯的三元共聚化合物可再分散乳胶粉、萘系减水剂和聚丙烯纤维按重量比1∶0.25∶0.05∶0.005的比例继续混料1.5h,得到在水泥基材料中应用的纳米光催化外加剂。
(3)将42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥、本例制得的纳米光催化外加剂和水、砂、石按照重量比为1∶0.25∶0.61∶1.97∶3.51拌合后制成光催化混凝土,标准养护12天后气干2天。
该水泥基材料能在模拟日光条件下(其中254nm、290nm、365nm和420nm的光强分别为4.0~4.5、1.2~1.6、16~19和160~170μW/cm2)光催化氧化连续通过的浓度为30ppm的二氧化氮气体,其光催化效率达到70.1%,连续反应7.5小时后,光催化效率仍达到35.6%。
实施例3
(1)将纳米二氧化钛混晶与活性炭按重量比1∶1混料1.5h,得到活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料。
(2)将活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料和氯乙烯、乙烯和月桂酰乙烯酯的三元共聚化合物可再分散乳胶粉、聚羧酸减水剂和聚丙烯纤维按重量比1∶0.25∶0.05∶0.006的比例继续混料1.5h,得到在水泥基材料中应用的纳米光催化外加剂。
(3)将42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥、本例制得的纳米光催化外加剂和水、石英砂按照重量比为1∶0.25∶0.69∶2.5拌合制成光催化砂浆涂刷在室内车库墙面,自然养护14天。
该水泥基材料能在室内条件下(其中车库门口254nm、290nm、365nm和420nm的光强分别为30.0~35.0、10.0~15.0、140~160和250~270μW/cm2)光催化氧化不断通入的汽车尾气(汽车尾气通入30分钟后进行测试,测试时间为45分钟),与未涂刷光催化水泥基材料的车库相比,室内车库中二氧化氮气体浓度下降65.1%。
本发明所述的方法,采用活性炭负载纳米二氧化钛混晶,能有效地防止纳米二氧化钛混晶的团聚、促进纳米二氧化钛混晶的有效分散,同时活性炭有着良好的吸附功能,从而赋予活性炭负载的纳米光催化材料有着良好和长期稳定的光催化功能。为了防止活性炭对水泥基材料的流动性能、粘结性能和强度发展性能的不利影响,通过加入可再分散乳胶粉、水剂和聚丙烯纤维达到改善混凝土的流动性能、粘结性能和抗裂性能的目的,同时由于减水剂良好的分散效果也可以更有效地发挥纳米二氧化钛混晶对水泥早期强度发展的有利影响,从而制得即具备良好和长期稳定的光催化功能、又有着良好的流动性能、力学性能、抗裂性能的水泥基材料。
以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例子。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例子,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将纳米二氧化钛混晶与活性炭按重量比1∶1~2混料1~2h,得到活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料;
(2)将活性炭负载后的纳米光催化材料和可再分散乳胶粉、减水剂和聚丙烯纤维按重量比1∶0.2~0.3∶0.04~0.06∶0.004~0.006的比例继续混料1~2h,得到在水泥基材料中应用的纳米光催化外加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,其特征在于所说的纳米二氧化钛混晶中锐钛矿型和金红石型分别占75%和25%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,其特征在于所说的活性炭为250目以上活性炭。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,其特征在于所说的减水剂为减水率超过25%的聚羧酸减水剂或萘系减水剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,其特征在于聚丙烯纤维的长度为6mm~9mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水泥基材料用纳米光催化外加剂的制备方法,其特征在于可再分散乳胶粉为市售氯乙烯、乙烯和月桂酰乙烯酯的三元共聚化合物。
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