CN101694382B - Solar azimuth sensor and solar tracking device based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar orientation sensor and a solar tracking device based on a photocell Y-shaped layout, including a solar orientation sensor for solar orientation detection, the solar orientation sensor is connected with an acquisition system for signal acquisition, and the acquisition system is connected with a computer. Connected, characterized in that: the sun orientation sensor includes a base, three photocells are evenly arranged on the base in a Y shape, and the projections of the three photocells on the bottom surface of the base form an included angle of 120° with each other, and the solar orientation sensor is arranged on the cloud On the platform, the three photocells all have the same included angle with the working surface of the pan-tilt, the pan-tilt is connected with the pan-tilt controller, and the pan-tilt controller is connected with the computer. The invention realizes the real-time and accurate tracking of the large field of view of the sun without a calendar, and the tracking and alignment accuracy reaches above 0.1°, which greatly improves the conversion efficiency of solar energy, and can be used in solar power stations, communication power supplies of ships, and artificial satellites. There are broad application prospects in the positioning of battery panels.

Description

Solar orientation sensor and solar tracking device based on photocell Y-shaped layout

technical field

The invention relates to a Y-shaped layout of photovoltaic cells and a large-field-of-view and high-precision sun tracking device, in particular to a low-cost large-field-of-view high-precision tracking and alignment device in solar energy utilization.

Background technique

The development and utilization of solar energy is of great significance for saving conventional energy, protecting the environment, and promoting economic development. The sun tracking device can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar energy and has broad application prospects.

The sun orientation sensors commonly used in sun tracking devices at this stage include four-quadrant photodetectors, PSDs and photoresistors. Four-quadrant photodetectors and PSDs are expensive and have a small field of view. Complex precision is low. In order to meet the requirements of low cost, large field of view and high precision, the present invention designs and develops a sun orientation sensor based on a Y-shaped layout of three photocells and a sun tracking device based on it.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-cost sun-tracking device capable of tracking the sun with a large field of view and high precision without a calendar.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by taking the following technical solutions:

A solar orientation sensor based on a Y-shaped layout of photoelectric cells is characterized in that it includes a base, three photoelectric cells are evenly arranged on the base in a Y shape, and the projections of the three photoelectric cells on the bottom surface of the base are mutually 120°.

The aforementioned sun orientation sensor is characterized in that: the base is a three-sided pyramid, three-sided truncated cone or inverted three-sided truncated truncated cone, and the three photocells are respectively arranged on the three working slopes of the base.

The aforementioned solar orientation sensor is characterized in that: the three photocells are evenly arranged on the three working slopes of the base.

The aforementioned sun orientation sensor is characterized in that: the base is conical, and three photocells are evenly arranged on the conical slope.

A solar tracking device based on a photocell Y-shaped layout, comprising a solar orientation sensor for solar orientation detection, the solar orientation sensor is connected to an acquisition system for signal acquisition, and the acquisition system is connected to a computer, characterized in that: the The sun orientation sensor comprises a base, and three photocells are evenly arranged on the base in a Y shape, and the projections of the three photocells on the bottom surface of the base form an angle of 120° with each other, and the solar orientation sensor is arranged on the cloud platform, and the cloud platform and the The pan-tilt controller is connected, and the pan-tilt controller is connected with the computer.

The included angle θ between the photocell and the working surface of the pan/tilt (that is, the connecting surface between the base and the pan/tilt) may be 60°. The larger the value of θ, the smaller the system error but the smaller the field of view.

The aforementioned solar tracking device based on the Y-shaped layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: the computer is provided with a data processing module for processing the collected signals and a tracking control module for controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt according to the obtained data.

The aforementioned solar tracking device based on the Y-shaped layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: the base is pyramid-shaped with three sides or inverted pyramid-shaped with three sides, and the three working slopes of the base are triangular.

The aforementioned solar tracking device based on the Y-shaped layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that the three photovoltaic cells are respectively arranged at the centroids of the three slopes of the base.

The aforementioned solar tracking device based on the Y-shaped layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: the base is conical, the three photovoltaic cells are evenly arranged on the conical slope, and the projections of the three photovoltaic cells on the bottom surface of the base form an angle of 120° with each other .

The aforementioned solar tracking device based on the Y-shaped layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that the collection system includes at least three collection channels, the positive pole of the photovoltaic cell is connected to the collection channel, and the negative pole is grounded.

A tracking method based on a photocell Y-shaped layout of a sun tracking device: it is characterized in that: comprising the following steps

(1) Fix the sun azimuth sensor on the gimbal, and the vertical line of the sensor (that is, the vertical line passing through the intersection of the central axes of the three photocells and the working surface of the gimbal) coincides with the central axis of the gimbal;

(2) The three output signals of the sun orientation sensor are regularly collected by the data acquisition system, the positive poles of the three photocells are respectively connected to the three analog input terminals of the data card of the data acquisition system, and the negative poles of the three photocells are grounded;

(3) the data processing module of computer calculates the deviation of sun azimuth according to the Y-type layout mathematical model of sensor, when the up-down or left-right deviation is greater than the set voltage, the tracking control module of computer produces the pan-tilt action control signal;

(4) The output control signal of the tracking control module of the computer is connected to the pan-tilt controller to control the rotation of the pan-tilt and finally align the vertical line of the sun azimuth sensor with the sun precisely.

Working principle of the present invention is:

The orientation of the sun can be clearly expressed by two angles β and γ, β being the transverse angle of the sun and γ being the longitudinal angle of the sun. The horizontal and vertical angles of the sun azimuth sensor are β1 and γ1 respectively, when the sun azimuth sensor is aligned with the sun, β1=β, γ1=γ; if the sun azimuth sensor is not aligned with the sun, the sun sensor will produce a set of deviations Signals ΔX and ΔY for tracking the transverse angle β and longitudinal angle γ. The solar orientation sensor designed according to Figure 1 establishes a two-dimensional coordinate system as shown in Figure 2(a). The output voltages of the three photocells are U1, U2, and U3, respectively, and form an included angle of 120°. Synthesize this group of output voltages on the two-dimensional coordinate system, and the obtained vector sum U is the azimuth deviation signal of the sun sensor relative to the sun, as shown in Figure 2(b). Decomposing this set of output voltages in a two-dimensional coordinate system, as shown in Figure 2(c), can respectively obtain a set of orthogonal deviation signals ΔX and ΔY reflecting the deflection direction of the sun. Among them, ΔX reflects the deviation of the longitudinal angle, and ΔY reflects the deviation of the transverse angle. Decompose the deviation signal in the horizontal direction as

U2*cos30°-U1*cos30°＝0.707(U2-U1) (1)

The decomposition in the vertical direction is

U3-(U1+U2)*sin30°＝U3-0.5(U1+U2) (2)

Therefore, the following set of deviation signals can be selected to reflect the deviation between the sun sensor and the sun's lateral and longitudinal angles

ΔX＝U1-U2 (3)

ΔY＝U1+U2-2U3

In order to avoid the impact of the change of sunlight intensity and the attenuation caused by atmospheric transmission on the tracking accuracy, a division can be added, that is, ΔX1=(U1-U2)/(U1+U2) and ΔY1=(U1+U2-2U3)/(U1 +U2+2U3). .

The beneficial effect that the present invention reaches:

The solar tracking device of the present invention has a sensor with lower cost than the existing solar tracking device sensor, only needs three photocells and a three-sided pyramid platform, has a large field of view, can realize tracking without a calendar, and has an accuracy of more than 0.1° . It realizes the real-time and accurate tracking of the large field of view of the sun, greatly improves the conversion efficiency of solar energy, and has broad application prospects in solar power stations, communication power supplies of ships, and battery panel positioning on artificial satellites.

Description of drawings

The structural representation of the solar sensor among Fig. 1 the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a two-dimensional coordinate diagram of the sun sensor in the present invention.

Detailed ways

A solar tracking device based on a photocell Y-shaped layout of the present invention includes a solar orientation sensor for solar orientation detection, the solar orientation sensor includes a three-sided pyramid-shaped base 1, and the three working slopes of the base 1 are equilateral triangles , the three photocells 2 are evenly arranged in the center of the three slopes of the base 1, the angle θ between the photocell and the ground of the base (that is, the connection surface between the base and the platform) is taken as 60°, and the projections of the three photocells on the bottom surface of the base are mutually 120° included angle; the solar orientation sensor is arranged on the cloud platform, the vertical line of the solar orientation sensor coincides with the central axis of the cloud platform, the cloud platform is connected with the cloud platform controller, and the cloud platform controller is connected with the computer . The computer is provided with a data processing module for processing the collected signals and a tracking control module for controlling the rotation of the pan-tilt according to the obtained data. The collection system includes at least three collection channels for collecting voltage signals output by three photocells, the positive pole of the photocell is connected to the input collection channel, and the negative pole is grounded. The data processing module calculates the up-down and left-right deviations of the tracking orientation according to the mathematical model of the Y-shaped layout. The tracking control module calculates and outputs four control signals according to the azimuth deviation data, controls the up and down, left and right rotation of the pan-tilt, and aligns and tracks the sun.

The tracking method of the solar tracking device based on the photocell Y-type layout of the present invention is as follows:

(1) Fix the sun orientation sensor on the gimbal, and the vertical line of the sensor coincides with the central axis of the gimbal;

(2) The three output signals of the sun orientation sensor are regularly collected by the data acquisition system, the positive poles of the three photocells are respectively connected to the three analog input terminals of the data card of the data acquisition system, and the negative poles of the three photocells are grounded;

(3) The data processing module of computer calculates the deviation of sun azimuth according to the Y-shaped layout mathematical model of sensor, when the up-down or left-right deviation is greater than 1mv voltage, the tracking control module of computer produces the pan-tilt action control signal;

(4) The output control signal of the tracking control module of the computer is connected to the pan-tilt controller to control the rotation of the pan-tilt and finally align the vertical line of the sun azimuth sensor with the sun precisely.

In the aforementioned method, in the steps (3) and (4), the computer calculates the deviation every 1 second, and the computer generates a control signal every 1 second, and the up and down control signals and left and right control signals are alternately generated.

When the deviation of the lateral angle of the sun is greater than 1mv, the computer generates a pulse control signal through the data card to control the rotation of the gimbal to drive the sensor to move one step to the right. When the deviation of the lateral angle is less than -1mv, the gimbal drives the sensor to move one step to the left. The gimbal does not move; when the deviation of the longitudinal angle of the sun is greater than 1mv, the computer generates a pulse control signal through the data card to control the rotation of the gimbal to drive the sensor to move up one step, and when the deviation of the longitudinal angle of the sun is less than -1mv, the gimbal drives the sensor to move down One step, the deviation during which the gimbal does not move. Finally, when the deviation of the lateral angle and the vertical angle are both within 1mv, the sensor can accurately track the azimuth of the sun with a tracking accuracy of 0.1°.

In said step (3), the data processing module calculates the deviation of the sun azimuth according to the following formula

ΔX=U1-U2

ΔY=U1+U2-2U3.

In the step 3), in order to avoid the impact of the variation of sunlight intensity and the attenuation caused by atmospheric transmission on the tracking accuracy, a division can be added, and the data processing module calculates the deviation of the sun azimuth according to the following formula

ΔX1=(U1-U2)/(U1+U2)

ΔY1=(U1+U2-2U3)/(U1+U2+2U3).

The above has disclosed the present invention with preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention, and all technical solutions obtained by adopting equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation methods fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. azimuth sensor based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells, it is characterized in that: comprise base, three photoelectric cells are the Y type and are evenly arranged on the base, three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 °, described base is three pyramids, three face cone bench-types or the three face cone bench-types that fall, three photoelectric cells are arranged at respectively on three inclined working of base, and perhaps described base is conical, and three photoelectric cells evenly are arranged on the tapered slope.

2. the azimuth sensor based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when base is three pyramids, three face cone bench-types or when falling three face cone bench-types, described three photoelectric cells evenly are arranged on three inclined working of base.

3. sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells, comprise and be used for the azimuth sensor that solar azimuth is surveyed, described azimuth sensor links to each other with the acquisition system that is used for signals collecting, acquisition system links to each other with computing machine, it is characterized in that: described azimuth sensor comprises base, three photoelectric cells are the Y type and are evenly arranged on the base, three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 ° of angles, described base is three pyramids, the three face cone bench-types or the three face cone bench-types that fall, three photoelectric cells are arranged at respectively on three inclined working of base, described azimuth sensor is arranged on the The Cloud Terrace, described The Cloud Terrace links to each other with the cradle head control device, and described cradle head control device links to each other with computing machine.

4. the sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the tracking Control module that is provided with the data processing module that acquired signal is handled in the described computing machine and is used for rotating according to the Data Control The Cloud Terrace that obtains.

5. tracking based on the sun tracker of Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells: it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps

(1) azimuth sensor is fixed on the The Cloud Terrace, the perpendicular bisector of sensor overlaps with the The Cloud Terrace axis;

(2) three-way output signal of azimuth sensor is by the data acquisition system (DAS) timing acquiring, and three photronic positive poles connect three analog input ends of data acquisition system (DAS) data card, three photronic minus earths respectively;

(3) data processing module of computing machine is according to the deviation in the sunny orientation of Y type layout calculated with mathematical model of sensor, when up and down or left-right deviation produce The Cloud Terrace action control signal by the tracking Control module of computing machine during greater than setting voltage;

(4) the output control signal of the tracking Control module of computing machine connects the rotation of cradle head control device control The Cloud Terrace and the azimuth sensor perpendicular bisector is accurately aimed at the sun.

6. tracking according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step (3) and step 4), computing machine calculated a deviation every 1 second, computing machine produced in per 1 second a control signal and control signal up and down and about control signal alternately produce.

7. tracking according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step (3), data processing module calculates the deviation of solar azimuth according to following formula

ΔX＝U1-U2

ΔY＝U1+U2-2U3

Wherein: Δ X and Δ Y represent the deviation signal of one group of quadrature of sun yawing moment, and Δ X is the deviation of sun longitudinal angle, and Δ Y is the deviation of sun lateral angle, and U1, U2, U3 are respectively three photronic output voltages.

8. tracking according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step (3), data processing module calculates the deviation of solar azimuth according to following formula

ΔX1＝(U1-U2)/(U1+U2)

ΔY1＝(U1+U2-2U3)/(U1+U2+2U3)

Wherein Δ X1 and Δ Y1 are respectively the deviation of the sun longitudinal angle that calculates behind the additional division, the deviation of sun lateral angle.

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