CN101694382B - Solar azimuth sensor and solar tracking device based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells - Google Patents
Solar azimuth sensor and solar tracking device based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells Download PDFInfo
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- CN101694382B CN101694382B CN2009100359422A CN200910035942A CN101694382B CN 101694382 B CN101694382 B CN 101694382B CN 2009100359422 A CN2009100359422 A CN 2009100359422A CN 200910035942 A CN200910035942 A CN 200910035942A CN 101694382 B CN101694382 B CN 101694382B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar azimuth sensor and a solar tracking device based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells. The solar tracking device comprises the solar azimuth sensor used for detecting solar azimuth, wherein the solar azimuth sensor is connected with an acquisition system used for acquiring signals, and the acquisition system is connected with a computer. The invention is characterized in that the solar azimuth sensor comprises a base and three photovoltaic cells uniformly distributed on the base, projections of the three photovoltaic cells on the bottom surface of the base form an included angle of 120 degrees, the solar azimuth sensor is arranged on a holder, included angles of the three photovoltaic cells and the holder are same, the holder is connected with a holder controller, and the holder controller is connected with the computer. The invention realizes large field-of-view real-time accurate tracking with alignment accuracy reaching above 0.1 degree for sun without a calendar so as to greatly improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy, and have broad application prospect on the position of communication power supplies of a solar power station and a ship and cell boards on a man-made satellite.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly, particularly relate to the low-cost big visual field high precision tracking alignment device of sun power in utilizing based on big visual field of Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells and high-precision sun tracing device.
Background technology
Development and use sun power, for save conventional energy resources, protection environment, promoting economic development all has very important meaning, sun tracker can effectively improve solar energy utilization rate, is with a wide range of applications.
The azimuth sensor that sun tracker present stage generally adopts has four-quadrant photo detector, PSD and photoresistance, four-quadrant photo detector and PSD cost are very high, and the visual field is little, though the low visual field of photoresistance cost is big, it is low to follow the tracks of complicated precision., big visual field low-cost and high-precision requirement in order to satisfy, development and design of the present invention be the sun tracker of core based on the azimuth sensor of three Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells and with it.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention be propose for a kind of low cost, need not calendar promptly greatly the visual field follow the tracks of the sun tracker of the sun accurately.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of azimuth sensor based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: comprise base, three photoelectric cells are the Y type and are evenly arranged on the base, and three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 °.
Aforesaid azimuth sensor is characterized in that: described base is three pyramids, three face cone bench-types or the three face cone bench-types that fall, and three photoelectric cells are arranged at respectively on three inclined working of base.
Aforesaid azimuth sensor is characterized in that: described three photoelectric cells evenly are arranged on three inclined working of base.
Aforesaid azimuth sensor is characterized in that: described base is for conical, and three photoelectric cells evenly are arranged on the tapered slope.
A kind of sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells, comprise and be used for the azimuth sensor that solar azimuth is surveyed, described azimuth sensor links to each other with the acquisition system that is used for signals collecting, acquisition system links to each other with computing machine, it is characterized in that: described azimuth sensor comprises base, three photoelectric cells are the Y type and are evenly arranged on the base, three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 ° of angles, described azimuth sensor is arranged on the The Cloud Terrace, described The Cloud Terrace links to each other with the cradle head control device, and described cradle head control device links to each other with computing machine.
Desirable 60 ° of the angle theta of described photoelectric cell and The Cloud Terrace workplace (being base and The Cloud Terrace joint face).The θ value is big more, and systematic error is more little but field angle is more little.
Aforesaid sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: the tracking Control module that is provided with the data processing module that acquired signal is handled in the described computing machine and is used for rotating according to the Data Control The Cloud Terrace that obtains.
Aforesaid sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: described base is positive three pyramids or three pyramids of falling, and three inclined working of base are triangle.
Aforesaid sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: three photoelectric cells are arranged at the centre of form on three inclined-planes of base respectively.
Aforesaid sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: described base is for conical, and three photoelectric cells evenly are arranged on the tapered slope mutually, and three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 ° of angles.
Aforesaid sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells is characterized in that: described acquisition system comprises at least three road acquisition channels, described photronic anodal acquisition channel, the minus earth of inserting.
A kind of tracking of the sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells: it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps
(1) azimuth sensor is fixed on the The Cloud Terrace, the perpendicular bisector of sensor (promptly crossing the vertical line of three photronic axis intersection points and The Cloud Terrace workplace) overlaps with the The Cloud Terrace axis;
(2) three-way output signal of azimuth sensor is by the data acquisition system (DAS) timing acquiring, and three photronic positive poles connect three analog input ends of data acquisition system (DAS) data card, three photronic minus earths respectively;
(3) data processing module of computing machine is according to the deviation in the sunny orientation of Y type layout calculated with mathematical model of sensor, when up and down or left-right deviation produce The Cloud Terrace action control signal by the tracking Control module of computing machine during greater than setting voltage;
(4) the output control signal of the tracking Control module of computing machine connects the rotation of cradle head control device control The Cloud Terrace and the azimuth sensor perpendicular bisector is accurately aimed at the sun.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
The orientation of the sun can be represented by two angle betas and γ clearly that β is the lateral angle of the sun, and γ is the longitudinal angle of the sun.The lateral angle of azimuth sensor and longitudinal angle are respectively β 1 and γ 1, when azimuth sensor is aimed at solar time, β 1=β, γ 1=γ; If azimuth sensor is not aimed at the solar time, sun-sensor will produce one group of deviation signal Δ X and Δ Y, is used for the tracking of lateral angle β and longitudinal angle γ.Azimuth sensor according to Fig. 1 design is set up two-dimensional coordinate system such as Fig. 2 (a), and three photronic output voltages are respectively U1, U2, U3 and become 120 ° angle.This group output voltage is synthesized on two-dimensional coordinate system, and resulting vector is exactly the azimuth deviation signal of the relative sun of sun-sensor with U, as Fig. 2 (b).This group output voltage is decomposed in two-dimensional coordinate system,, can obtain reflecting the deviation signal Δ X and the Δ Y of one group of quadrature of sun yawing moment respectively as Fig. 2 (c).Wherein, Δ X has reflected the deviation of longitudinal angle, and Δ Y has reflected the deviation of lateral angle.With deviation signal being decomposed in the horizontal direction
U2*cos30°-U1*cos30°＝0.707(U2-U1) (1)
Being decomposed in vertical direction
U3-(U1+U2)*sin30°＝U3-0.5(U1+U2) (2)
So can choose the deviation that following one group of deviation signal reflects sun-sensor and sun lateral angle and longitudinal angle
ΔX＝U1-U2 (3)
ΔY＝U1+U2-2U3 (4)
The decay that causes for fear of the variation and the propagation in atmosphere of sunlight intensity influences tracking accuracy, can add a division, i.e. Δ X1=(U1-U2)/(U1+U2) and Δ Y1=(U1+U2-2U3)/(U1+U2+2U3).。
The beneficial effect that the present invention reached:
It is low that sun tracker of the present invention, its sensor and existing sun tracker sensor are compared cost, only needs three photoelectric cells and three pyramid platforms, and the visual field is big, need not calendar and can realize following the tracks of, and precision can reach more than 0.1 °.Realized to the big visual field of the sun in real time, the accurate tracking, improved the conversion efficiency of sun power greatly, on the communication power supply of solar power plant, boats and ships, cell panel location on the artificial satellite, have wide practical use.
Description of drawings
Sun-sensor structural representation among Fig. 1 the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sun-sensor two-dimensional coordinate figure among the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of sun tracker of the present invention based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells, comprise and be used for the azimuth sensor that solar azimuth is surveyed, described azimuth sensor comprises the base 1 of three pyramids, three inclined working of base 1 are equilateral triangle, three photoelectric cells 2 evenly are arranged at the center on three inclined-planes of base 1, the angle theta on photoelectric cell and base ground (being base and The Cloud Terrace joint face) is got 60 °, and three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 ° of angles; Described azimuth sensor is arranged on The Cloud Terrace, and the perpendicular bisector of azimuth sensor overlaps with the The Cloud Terrace axis, and described The Cloud Terrace links to each other with the cradle head control device, and described cradle head control device links to each other with computing machine.The tracking Control module that is provided with the data processing module that acquired signal is handled in the described computing machine and is used for rotating according to the Data Control The Cloud Terrace that obtains.Described acquisition system comprises at least three road acquisition channels for the voltage signal of gathering three photoelectric cell outputs, and described photronic positive pole connects input acquisition channel, minus earth.Described data processing module reaches left-right deviation up and down according to what the calculated with mathematical model of Y type layout was followed the tracks of the orientation.Described tracking Control module is according to four control signals of azimuth deviation data computation output, about the control The Cloud Terrace, left-right rotation, aims at and follows the tracks of the sun.
The tracking of the sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells of the present invention is as follows:
(1) azimuth sensor is fixed on the The Cloud Terrace, the perpendicular bisector of sensor overlaps with the The Cloud Terrace axis;
(2) three-way output signal of azimuth sensor is by the data acquisition system (DAS) timing acquiring, and three photronic positive poles connect three analog input ends of data acquisition system (DAS) data card, three photronic minus earths respectively;
(3) data processing module of computing machine is according to the deviation in the sunny orientation of Y type layout calculated with mathematical model of sensor, when up and down or left-right deviation produce The Cloud Terrace action control signal by the tracking Control module of computing machine during greater than 1mv voltage;
(4) the output control signal of the tracking Control module of computing machine connects the rotation of cradle head control device control The Cloud Terrace and the azimuth sensor perpendicular bisector is accurately aimed at the sun.
In the aforesaid method, in described step (3) and step (4), computing machine calculated a deviation every 1 second, and computing machine produced a control signal and control signal up and down and left and right sides control signal in per 1 second and alternately produces.
Move right and move a step when the deviation of sun lateral angle produces a pulse control signal control The Cloud Terrace rotating band dynamic sensor greater than the 1mv computer-chronograph by data card, the deviation of lateral angle during less than-1mv The Cloud Terrace drive sensor and be moved to the left a step, deviation The Cloud Terrace between this is motionless; Controlling The Cloud Terrace rotating band dynamic sensor greater than the 1mv computer-chronograph by pulse control signal of data card generation when the deviation of sun longitudinal angle moves up a step, the deviation of sun longitudinal angle during less than-1mv The Cloud Terrace drive sensor and move down a step, deviation The Cloud Terrace between this is motionless.At last when the deviation of the deviation of lateral angle and longitudinal angle is all in 1mv, the solar azimuth that sensor has traced into accurately, tracking accuracy is 0.1 °.
In described step (3), data processing module calculates the deviation of solar azimuth according to following formula
ΔX＝U1-U2
ΔY＝U1+U2-2U3。
In described step 3), the decay that causes for fear of the variation and the propagation in atmosphere of sunlight intensity influences tracking accuracy, can add a division, and data processing module calculates the deviation of solar azimuth according to following formula
ΔX1＝(U1-U2)/(U1+U2)
ΔY1＝(U1+U2-2U3)/(U1+U2+2U3)。
Below disclose the present invention with preferred embodiment, so it is not in order to restriction the present invention, and all employings are equal to replaces or technical scheme that the equivalent transformation mode is obtained, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. azimuth sensor based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells, it is characterized in that: comprise base, three photoelectric cells are the Y type and are evenly arranged on the base, three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 °, described base is three pyramids, three face cone bench-types or the three face cone bench-types that fall, three photoelectric cells are arranged at respectively on three inclined working of base, and perhaps described base is conical, and three photoelectric cells evenly are arranged on the tapered slope.
2. the azimuth sensor based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when base is three pyramids, three face cone bench-types or when falling three face cone bench-types, described three photoelectric cells evenly are arranged on three inclined working of base.
3. sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells, comprise and be used for the azimuth sensor that solar azimuth is surveyed, described azimuth sensor links to each other with the acquisition system that is used for signals collecting, acquisition system links to each other with computing machine, it is characterized in that: described azimuth sensor comprises base, three photoelectric cells are the Y type and are evenly arranged on the base, three projections of photoelectric cell on base end face are mutually 120 ° of angles, described base is three pyramids, the three face cone bench-types or the three face cone bench-types that fall, three photoelectric cells are arranged at respectively on three inclined working of base, described azimuth sensor is arranged on the The Cloud Terrace, described The Cloud Terrace links to each other with the cradle head control device, and described cradle head control device links to each other with computing machine.
4. the sun tracker based on Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the tracking Control module that is provided with the data processing module that acquired signal is handled in the described computing machine and is used for rotating according to the Data Control The Cloud Terrace that obtains.
5. tracking based on the sun tracker of Y-type layout of photovoltaic cells: it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps
(1) azimuth sensor is fixed on the The Cloud Terrace, the perpendicular bisector of sensor overlaps with the The Cloud Terrace axis;
(2) three-way output signal of azimuth sensor is by the data acquisition system (DAS) timing acquiring, and three photronic positive poles connect three analog input ends of data acquisition system (DAS) data card, three photronic minus earths respectively;
(3) data processing module of computing machine is according to the deviation in the sunny orientation of Y type layout calculated with mathematical model of sensor, when up and down or left-right deviation produce The Cloud Terrace action control signal by the tracking Control module of computing machine during greater than setting voltage;
(4) the output control signal of the tracking Control module of computing machine connects the rotation of cradle head control device control The Cloud Terrace and the azimuth sensor perpendicular bisector is accurately aimed at the sun.
6. tracking according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step (3) and step 4), computing machine calculated a deviation every 1 second, computing machine produced in per 1 second a control signal and control signal up and down and about control signal alternately produce.
7. tracking according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step (3), data processing module calculates the deviation of solar azimuth according to following formula
ΔX＝U1-U2
ΔY＝U1+U2-2U3
Wherein: Δ X and Δ Y represent the deviation signal of one group of quadrature of sun yawing moment, and Δ X is the deviation of sun longitudinal angle, and Δ Y is the deviation of sun lateral angle, and U1, U2, U3 are respectively three photronic output voltages.
8. tracking according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step (3), data processing module calculates the deviation of solar azimuth according to following formula
ΔX1＝(U1-U2)/(U1+U2)
ΔY1＝(U1+U2-2U3)/(U1+U2+2U3)
Wherein Δ X1 and Δ Y1 are respectively the deviation of the sun longitudinal angle that calculates behind the additional division, the deviation of sun lateral angle.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9879884B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Self-calibrating solar position sensor |
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| CN104833334A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-12 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Analog solar sensor |
| CN105043537B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2018-10-23 | 国家电网公司 | The flat-top triangular pyramid sensor of family photovoltaic component tracks |
| FR3038397B1 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2019-06-07 | Nextracker Inc. | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE ORIENTATION OF A SOLAR FOLLOWER BASED ON MAPPING MODELS |
| CN106066170B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-07-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of sun sensor and its measuring method based on photoelectric converter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9879884B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Self-calibrating solar position sensor |
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