CN2791552Y - sun tracking device based on tracking posture feedback - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sun tracking device based on trail gesture feedback, it includes singlechip, clock chip, keyboard, LCD controller, attitude sensor and through the direct current motor power of signal processing interface rather than the electricity be connected, and wherein the computer is the singlechip, and the signal processing interface comprises digital analog conversion interface. The sun tracking device based on tracking posture feedback calculates the sun direction, the sunrise and the sunset time of the day by using the date, the time and the latitude and longitude, and particularly considers the time difference and the nonuniformity of the solar declination change. The solar photovoltaic power generation system is simple in structure, small in maintenance amount, low in manufacturing cost, stable in working and suitable for the field of unattended solar development in natural environment.

Description

Based on the sun tracker of following the tracks of the attitude feedback

Technical field the utility model relates to a kind of sun tracker, especially based on the sun tracker of following the tracks of the attitude feedback.

Background technology is along with world energy sources is in short supply, and oil price is surging, and solar energy comes into one's own day by day as nexhaustible free green energy resource.In order to improve the solar energy utilization ratio, need make sunshine vertical incidence as far as possible.Scientific and technological circle have carried out extensive work on solar tracking, developed two kinds of sun tracing methods: based on the active tracking of induction sunshine direction with based on the Passive Track of the earth around day track rule.

Active tracking is as " solar radiation the follow-up control apparatus " (patent No. 01217140.9, Granted publication CN2472151Y), Passive Track representative as " little power consumption timing sun tracker " (patent No. 02222766.0, Granted publication CN2562135Y).The former " solar radiation follow-up control apparatus " utilizes the pyramid photoelectric sensor to receive sunshine, when sunshine is not orthogonal to pyramid photoelectric sensor center, the output voltage of four electro-optical packages is unequal with causing, voltage to four electro-optical package outputs compares, just can calculate solar azimuth, and then control step motor-driven tracking means is aimed at the sun, advantage is the precision height, shortcoming is a complex structure, with high costs, maintenance is big, only is suitable for scientific research field, reason is that it in order to pursue tracking accuracy, has adopted heating wire, temperature sensor, optical detector, 4 quadrant detector, a plurality of modules such as alignment sensor; Latter's " little power consumption timing sun tracker " belongs to Passive Track, utilize solar azimuth 15 degree/hour rule, driving the solar panels azimuth rotates synchronously, carried out uniaxiality tracking control from 9 o'clock to 18 o'clock, simple in structure, shortcoming is that tracking error is big, solar energy utilization ratio is low, reason is that it does not follow the tracks of sun altitude, can not realize the double-axis tracking of the sun, and not consider longitude, latitude factor, be unsuitable for large tracts of land and promote, do not distinguish function round the clock, the solar energy utilization ratio is low.In addition, generally adopt stepper motor to drive in the prior art, positioner generally adopts photoelectric sensor, involves great expense, anti-environmental disturbances ability.

Tracking error is spent at 5 degree, 7 degree, 10 degree, 12, the tracking efficient when 15 degree, 20 are spent is respectively:

ρ ₅＝cos(5°)＝99.62％，ρ ₇＝cos(7°)＝99.25％，ρ ₁₀＝cos(10°)＝98.48％，

ρ ₁₂=cos (12 °)=97.81%, ρ ₁₅=cos (15 °)=96.59%, ρ ₂₀As seen=cos (20 °)=93.97% follows the tracks of efficient after tracking error is spent greater than 10 and just begins obvious decline.The civil solar field mainly is hot water and generating, just can satisfy the demands with interior as long as tracking error is controlled at 10 degree.

Though the civil solar field is lower than the scientific research requirement on tracking accuracy, pursue higher automatization level, maintenance still less, lower cost.Present active tracking causes to cost an arm and a leg because relate to photoelectric sensor, and is subject to dust, light pollution influence, and maintenance is big, is unsuitable for the civil solar field; Passive type control is because its reliability becomes the direction of civilian sun tracker, but traditional passive tracker all is to rely on stepper motor to drive, use the high accuracy legacy system, the cost height, do not consider the inhomogeneities that the time difference, solar declination change (earth around day track exist eccentricity to cause) simultaneously, also do not consider longitude, latitude, still there is a big difference from large-scale promotion.

Utility model content the purpose of this utility model is the defective at domestic and international sun tracker, proposes a kind of novel passive tracker, to reduce the cost of sun tracker, reduces maintenance, satisfies the demand in civil solar field.

Principle of the present utility model is: utilize single-chip microcomputer accurately to obtain the time difference on the same day (true solar time and mean solar time poor) and solar declination (latitude of subsolar point) according to the date, again in conjunction with sunny elevation angle and the azimuth at that time of local latitude, longitude accurate Calculation, determine position of sun, and judge that round the clock the utility model calculates sun altitude, azimuthal algorithm is as follows:

Be D days after picking up counting from January 1 same day on working day, is convenience, establishes intermediate quantity X and be

$x=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}(D-1)}{365}$

The time difference δ on the same day then, solar declination σ is respectively

$\mathrm{\δ}=\frac{229.18\×(75+186.8\mathrm{com}\left(x\right)-32077\sin \left(x\right)-14615\cos \left(2x\right)-40890\sin \left(2x\right))}{1000000}$

$\mathrm{\σ}=\frac{180}{\mathrm{\π}}(6918-399912\cos \left(x\right)+70257\sin \left(x\right))-6758\cos \left(2x\right)+907\sin \left(2x\right)-2697\cos \left(3x\right)+1480\sin \left(3x\right)$

The angle that turns over behind the longitude of sunshine direct projection tracking means place claims solar hour angle Ω, and its size is

Ω=(CT+CL+ δ-12) * 15 °, wherein CT is the moment at that time, CL is that longitude is corrected, 1 degree/4 minutes, δ is the time difference on the same day.

Operating point latitude latitude is , and north latitude is for just, and south latitude is for negative, sun altitude α is sunray and ground level angle, and solar azimuth β is initial from direct north, is rotated clockwise to the angle of sunray projection, then, have wide geographic area south gets north, equator to the Arctic Circle

sinα＝sinsinσ+coscosσcosΩ

For the sunrise of obtaining the local same day constantly and sunset constantly, make elevation angle α equal zero, cos[(CT+CL+ δ-12 is arranged) * 15 °]=-tan tan σ, CT has two to separate, less than 12 for sunrise constantly, greater than 12 to separate be the sunset moment.

Single-chip microcomputer compares the actual tracing positional that sun desired locations and attitude transducer feed back, and draws tracking error, and according to control algolithm output control signal, the operation of control direct current generator is reduced to zero to error under closed-loop control, realize double-axis tracking.Single-chip microcomputer calculates with regard to carrying out position of sun again at set intervals, carries out the tracking of a new round, and interlude length can be set single-chip microcomputer by keyboard circuit.Attitude transducer is made up of capacitance sensor, and wherein elevation angle utilizes differential capacitance sensor to know, the azimuth utilizes three-clove style electric capacity angular transducer to know, follows the tracks of between daytime, stops night following the tracks of.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that

A kind of sun tracker based on tracking attitude feedback comprises apparatus structure and circuit, and described device comprises solar panels, elevation angle adjusting rod, elevation angle sensor, column, azimuth sensor; Described circuit comprises single-chip microcomputer and signaling interface; It is characterized in that:

This device is the vertical barrel structure, solar panels is connected respectively on elevation angle adjusting rod and the support bar by two hinges up and down, the elevation angle adjusting rod can move up and down in column, regulate the solar panels elevation angle, the electric capacity movable plate electrode of elevation angle sensor and fixed plate place respectively on elevation angle adjusting rod outer wall and the column inwall, and the electric capacity movable plate electrode of azimuth sensor places the bottom outer wall of column;

This circuit comprises single-chip microcomputer, signaling interface, lcd controller, clock chip, keyboard;

It is characterized in that: signaling interface is made up of two DAC0832, single-chip microcomputer PB0～two DAC0832 data input pins of PB7 port, the chip selection signal of two DAC0832 respectively with the PA0 of single-chip microcomputer, the PA1 port is electrically connected; Elevation angle drive motors power supply control elevation angle drive motors, azimuth drive motors power supply controlling party parallactic angle drive motors; The elevation angle sensor electrical connects PA2～PA3 port that single-chip microcomputer has internal mode/number conversion function, and azimuth sensor is electrically connected PA4～PA6 port that single-chip microcomputer has internal mode/number conversion function; Lcd controller /CS ,/WR, DATA be electrically connected the PD5～PD7 port of single-chip microcomputer; The RST of clock chip, SCLK, I/O port are electrically connected the PD2～PD4 port of single-chip microcomputer; The output port of keyboard is electrically connected single-chip microcomputer PC0～PC7 port.

Said single-chip microcomputer be single chip computer AT 90LS8535, clock chip be HT1380, signaling interface by two DAC0832 form, lcd controller is HT1621.

Said elevation angle drive motors power supply connects control elevation angle drive motors, and azimuth drive motors power supply connects controlling party parallactic angle drive motors.

Said elevation angle sensor is a differential capacitance sensor, and azimuth sensor is a three-clove style electric capacity angular transducer.

The PD0 of said single-chip microcomputer～PD1 port is used for external external equipment serial communication interface.

Innovation part of the present utility model is: accurate Calculation the time difference, solar declination, avoided not considering the time difference in the existing Passive Track technology, solar declination is changed being approximately the error of calculation of at the uniform velocity bringing; Considered geographic logitude, latitude factor, be suitable for various places and promote; Has discrimination function round the clock; Adopt the capacitance sensor implement device to follow the tracks of the attitude feedback, utilized direct current generator to drive.

The utility model has the advantages that

1, with low cost, form no photoelectric sensor and stepper motor by single-chip microcomputer, capacitance sensor and direct current generator.

2, maintenance is few, the single-chip microcomputer accurate Calculation decision position of sun essential whole factors: the time difference, solar declination, longitude, latitude, can realize double-axis tracking, have discriminating power round the clock, can full-automaticly for a long time move.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model specific embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the utility model specific embodiment circuit diagram;

Fig. 3 is the utility model specific embodiment time difference change curve;

Fig. 4 is the utility model specific embodiment solar declination change curve;

Fig. 5 is the utility model specific embodiment drum type brake capacitance sensor fundamental diagram;

Fig. 6 is the differential cylinder capacitor sensor structure of the utility model specific embodiment figure;

Fig. 7 is the utility model specific embodiment three-clove style electric capacity angular transducer structure chart;

Fig. 8 is the utility model specific embodiment three-clove style electric capacity angle sensor circuit schematic diagram.

The specific embodiment 1 is a hinge in Fig. 1, and 2 is solar panels, and 3 is the elevation angle adjusting rod, and 4 is the elevation angle sensor, and 5 is column, and 6 is azimuth sensor, and 7 is support bar.

In Fig. 2,8 is keyboard, 9 is elevation angle drive motors power supply, and 10 is azimuth drive motors power supply, and 11 is single chip computer AT 90LS8535,12 is lcd controller HT1621,13 is clock chip HT1380, and 14 is the serial communication interface PD0 of single-chip microcomputer 11, and 15 is the serial communication interface PD1 of single-chip microcomputer string 11,16 is signaling interface, and signaling interface 16 is made up of two DAC0832.

Fig. 3 is that east longitude 120 in 2004 is spent time difference variation diagram constantly at noon.

Fig. 4 is the solar declination variation diagram, and the variation of the declination of the sun in the middle of 1 year is also inhomogeneous, in the conventional art it is approximately linear change, has caused very big tracking error.

Fig. 5 is a drum type brake capacitance sensor fundamental diagram, and capacitance is directly proportional with the relative area of two pole plates.

Fig. 6 is differential cylinder capacitor sensor structure figure.During elevation angle adjusting rod 3 change in location, two electric capacity become respectively greatly/diminish, and utilize the ratio of two capacitances, can calculate the position of elevation angle adjusting rod 3 with respect to column 5.The interference that utilizes the differential capacitor ratio approach can anti-Changes in weather to cause.

Fig. 7 is a three-clove style electric capacity angular transducer, and three fixed plates surround a week with symmetric mode, forms 3 capacitors with movable plate electrode.

Fig. 8 is three-clove style electric capacity angle sensor circuit figure.Column 5 drives the movable plate electrode rotation when rotating, cause three capacitance variations, according to the ratio of three capacitances, can calculate column 5 rotational angles, also is the azimuth of solar panels 2.

Working method is as follows:

Utilize keyboard 8 desired data when the PC0～PC7 ports-settings system of single-chip microcomputer 11 starts: local longitude, latitude, date, rest period, the RST of clock chip 13, SCLK, I/O port are electrically connected the PD2～PD4 port of single-chip microcomputer 11, behind single-chip microcomputer 11 acquisition times, begin uninterrupted timing, device starts and finishes, and enters the fully automatic working state.After device starts, single-chip microcomputer 11 reads the timing of clock chip 13, in conjunction with the longitude that deposits internal memory in, latitude value, calculate the time difference on the same day and solar declination, and then calculate sun elevation angle and azimuth at that time, calculate the local sunrise moment on the same day and the sunset moment, as current time is night, then program cycle is waited for, as is daytime, and then system follows the tracks of.

After following the tracks of beginning, single-chip microcomputer 11 reads the signal of telecommunication of elevation angle sensor 4 and azimuth sensor 6, wherein elevation angle sensor 4 utilizes the position of differential capacitor perception elevation angle adjusting rod 3 with respect to column 5, the A/D translation function that the azimuth that azimuth sensor 6 posts the column 5 of movable plate electrode by three lobe fixed plate perception, single-chip microcomputer 11 utilize the PA mouth to carry realizes the analog/digital conversion of the elevation angle and the azimuth signal of telecommunication; Single-chip microcomputer 11 calculates the sun and the difference of solar panels 2 on elevation angle and azimuth, utilize pid algorithm to calculate control signal respectively, the PB0 of single-chip microcomputer 11～PB7 port is with control signal timesharing input signal interface 16, single-chip microcomputer 11 passes through PA0, PA1 is electrically connected the chip selection signal/CS port of two DAC0832 in the signaling interface 16, in turn elevation angle control signal and azimuth control signal are carried out the D/A conversion, import elevation angle drive motors power supply 9 and azimuth drive motors power supply 10 after the conversion respectively; Elevation angle drive motors control elevation angle adjusting rod 3 moves to the relevant position, realizes that the elevation angle of solar panels 2 is regulated; Azimuth drive motors control column 5 rotates to the relevant position, realizes the azimuth adjustment of solar panels 2.

Single-chip microcomputer 11 by PD5～PD7 port be electrically connected lcd controller 12 /CS ,/WR, DATA port, input lcd controller 12 during with present clock, longitude, minute of latitude is realized externally showing.

Tracking means safeguards once that operating personnel reset system clock and local longitude, latitude by keyboard 8 restarting systems when safeguarding every half a year.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of sun tracker based on tracking attitude feedback comprises apparatus structure and circuit, and described device comprises solar panels (2), elevation angle adjusting rod (3), elevation angle sensor (4), column (5), azimuth sensor (6); Described circuit comprises single-chip microcomputer (11) and signaling interface (16); It is characterized in that:

Described device is the vertical barrel structure, solar panels (2) is connected respectively on elevation angle adjusting rod (3) and the support bar (7) by two hinges (1) up and down, elevation angle adjusting rod (3) places in the column (5) and with it and is connected movingly, the electric capacity movable plate electrode of elevation angle sensor (4) and fixed plate place respectively on elevation angle adjusting rod (3) outer wall and column (5) inwall, and the electric capacity movable plate electrode of azimuth sensor (6) places the bottom outer wall of column (5);

Described circuit also comprises lcd controller (12), clock chip (13), keyboard (8);

Signaling interface (16) is made up of two DAC0832, and single-chip microcomputer PB0～PB7 port is electrically connected two DAC0832 data input pins, the chip selection signal of two DAC0832 respectively with single-chip microcomputer (11) PA0, the PA1 port is electrically connected; Dc motor power (9) is electrically connected with the elevation angle drive motors, and dc motor power (10) is electrically connected with the azimuth drive motors; Elevation angle sensor (4) is electrically connected PA2～PA3 port that single-chip microcomputer (11) has internal mode/number conversion function, and azimuth sensor (6) is electrically connected PA4～PA6 port that single-chip microcomputer (11) has internal mode/number conversion function; Lcd controller (12) /CS ,/WR, DATA be electrically connected the PD5～PD7 port of single-chip microcomputer (11); RST, the SCLK of clock chip (13), I/O port are electrically connected the PD2～PD4 port of single-chip microcomputer (11); The output port of keyboard (8) is electrically connected single-chip microcomputer (11) PC0～PC7 port.

2, according to claim 1 a kind of based on the sun tracker of following the tracks of the attitude feedback, it is characterized in that: said single-chip microcomputer (11) for single chip computer AT 90LS8535, clock chip (13) for HT1380, signaling interface (16) by two DAC0832 form, lcd controller (12) is HT1621.

3, according to claim 1 a kind of based on the sun tracker of following the tracks of the attitude feedback, it is characterized in that: said dc motor power (9) connects control elevation angle drive motors, and dc motor power (10) connects controlling party parallactic angle drive motors.

4, according to claim 1 a kind of based on the sun tracker of following the tracks of the attitude feedback, it is characterized in that: said elevation angle sensor (4) is a differential capacitance sensor, and azimuth sensor (6) is a three-clove style electric capacity angular transducer.

5, according to claim 1 a kind of based on the sun tracker of following the tracks of the attitude feedback, it is characterized in that: the PD0 of said single-chip microcomputer (11)～PD1 port is used for external external equipment serial communication interface (14) and (15).

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