CN202838034U - Automatic sun tracking system - Google Patents
Automatic sun tracking system Download PDFInfo
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- CN202838034U CN202838034U CN 201220315676 CN201220315676U CN202838034U CN 202838034 U CN202838034 U CN 202838034U CN 201220315676 CN201220315676 CN 201220315676 CN 201220315676 U CN201220315676 U CN 201220315676U CN 202838034 U CN202838034 U CN 202838034U
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Abstract
Provided is an automatic sun tracking system, which relates to a device capable of accurately tracking the sun in real time and used for efficiently collecting and using solar energy. The automatic sun tracking system comprises a solar photovoltaic array, an adjusting device connected with the solar photovoltaic array and used for adjusting the position of the solar photovoltaic array, a stand column used for supporting the adjusting device and a control system. The adjusting device is composed of a pitch angle adjusting assembly and a position angle adjusting assembly, the solar photovoltaic array is connected with the pitch angle adjusting assembly through a support frame, the pitch angle adjusting assembly is connected with the position angle adjusting assembly through a vertical shaft, the position angle adjusting assembly is arranged on the stand column, and the control system is used for performing closed loop control on the adjusting device. The sun tracking accuracy of the automatic sun tracking device is smaller than 0.1, the energy consumption only accounts for 0.5% of the electric energy production of the driven photovoltaic array, and the automatic sun tracking system has the advantages of being long in service life, intact in protection function and the like.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to location and automatic tracking technique field, is specifically related to a kind of sun of accurately following the tracks of in real time, is used for the highly effective gathering of sun power and the autotracker of utilization.
Background technology
Sun power is a kind of energy of cleanliness without any pollution, and solar electrical energy generation has become the important channel that the whole world solves energy crisis.The panel array of domestic big-and-middle-sized photo-voltaic power generation station is fixed substantially at present, because the energy density of sun power is low, randomness is large, the direction of illumination of the sun and intensity time constantly change, and are subjected to the impact of natural conditions, so can not take full advantage of solar radiation energy.Want to obtain maximum irradiation in the unit area of photovoltaic array, improve the utilization factor of sun power, just must use sun position and automatic tracking technique.
Such as Granted publication CN2472151Y, open day is 2002.1.16, name is called and has proposed in the patent documentation of " solar radiation follow-up control apparatus " a kind ofly to receive sunshine with the pyramid photoelectric sensor, when sunshine is not orthogonal to the center of pyramid photoelectric sensor, will cause the output voltage of four electro-optical packages unequal, as long as the voltage to four electro-optical package outputs compares, just can calculate current solar azimuth, and then control step motor-driven tracking means is followed the tracks of the sun; Its advantage is that precision is high, and shortcoming is complex structure, and following range is little, and cost is high, is only suitable in scientific research field; Reason is that it in order to pursue tracking accuracy, has adopted a plurality of modules such as heating wire, temperature sensor, optical detector, 4 quadrant detector, alignment sensor.
For another example Granted publication CN2562135Y, open day is 2003.7.23, name is called in the patent documentation of " little power consumption timing sun tracker " and has proposed a kind of per hour rule of 15 ° of solar azimuth of utilizing, drive the solar panels position angle and rotate synchronously, carried out uniaxiality tracking from 9 o'clock to 18 o'clock; Its advantage is simple in structure, and shortcoming is that tracking error is large, thereby causes the utilization factor of its sun power low; Reason is that it does not follow the tracks of the elevation angle of the sun, can not realize the double-axis tracking of the sun, and does not have to distinguish function round the clock.
In addition, the deficiencies such as the solar tracking system product of domestic production is because each transmission component arranges unreasonable and control system imperfection etc., and transmission efficiency is low, load-bearing capacity is little, electrical machinery life is short so that whole system exists, tracking accuracy low (about 5 °), energy consumption height and engineering practicability are poor.
The utility model content
The deficiency that exists in order to overcome present solar tracking system; technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of orientation, pitching two dimension of realizing and follows the tracks of exactly the automatic sun tracking device of the sun synchronously; its precision of following the tracks of the sun is less than 0.1%; and energy consumption only by driving photovoltaic array generated energy 0.5%, and have long, the characteristics such as defencive function is perfect of life-span.
The utility model is created to and solves its technical matters, be achieved by following technical proposals: a kind of automatic sun tracking device, comprise photovoltaic array, the regulating device that is connected and regulates the photovoltaic array position with photovoltaic array, the column of supporting and regulating device and control system, described regulating device is comprised of angle of pitch adjusting part and azimuth adjustment assembly, photovoltaic array is connected with angle of pitch adjusting part by bracing frame, angle of pitch adjusting part links to each other with the azimuth adjustment assembly by vertical shaft, the azimuth adjustment assembly is arranged on the column, and control system is carried out closed-loop control to regulating device;
Described azimuth adjustment assembly mainly is comprised of azimuth-drive motor, orientation speed reduction unit, worm screw, worm gear, vertical shaft, the power output shaft of azimuth-drive motor is connected with the input shaft of orientation speed reduction unit, the output shaft of orientation speed reduction unit is connected with worm screw by diaphragm coupling, worm and wheel is connected with a joggle, worm gear is connected by key and vertical shaft, realizes the orientation rotation motion of vertical shaft;
Also be provided with to detect position angle circle magnetic grid and the position angle circle magnetic grid read head of photovoltaic array actual position information on the vertical shaft of described azimuth adjustment assembly;
Angle of pitch adjusting part is fixedly installed on the vertical shaft, described angle of pitch adjusting part mainly is comprised of pitching motor, shaft coupling, curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set, power transmission shaft and bracing frame, the power output shaft of pitching motor is connected by the end of shaft coupling with the driving wheel of curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set, the engaged wheel of curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set is connected with power transmission shaft by key, bracing frame is fixed on the two ends of power transmission shaft, the pitching that realizes bracing frame rotatablely moves, and at bracing frame photovoltaic array is installed;
Also be equipped with to detect the angle of pitch photoelectric encoder of photovoltaic array actual position information on the power transmission shaft of described angle of pitch adjusting part;
Described control system is mainly obtained with calibration module, information feedback module, motion-control module and D/A modular converter by data processor, time and is formed;
The described time obtains with calibration module and is comprised of clock chip and GPS module, and its clock chip is used for the temporal information of one day sun diverse location is sent to data processor; The GPS module is used for regularly clock chip being carried out high-precision calibration;
Described information feedback module is made of angle of pitch photoelectric encoder and position angle circle magnetic grid read head, be sent to data processor in order to the position angle that obtains tracking solar photovoltaic array reality and the angle of pitch and with this information, relatively obtain tracking error with the sun angle positional information that calculates, realize the closed-loop control of system;
Described motion-control module is comprised of pitching motor driving circuit, pitching limit switch, azimuth-drive motor driving circuit and orientation limit switch, pitching motor driving circuit and azimuth-drive motor driving circuit output threephase stator winding voltage, be rotated to drive pitching motor and azimuth-drive motor, pitching limit switch and orientation limit switch are used for carrying out spacing to position angle and angle of pitch extreme position that photovoltaic array rotates;
Described data processor utilizes in 1 year that clock chip accurately calculates certain day temporal information, according to the longitude and latitude data of locality and solar period the laws of motion equation, position angle and the angle of pitch of the sun when calculating certain day different moment, determine thus corresponding position angle and the angle of pitch of photovoltaic array, respectively as servo-drive system position angle and angle of pitch input instruction signal;
Described angle of pitch photoelectric encoder is measured the actual angle of pitch of photovoltaic array, sends into data processor as angle of pitch feedback signal; Data processor is according to the states such as deviation of angle of pitch input instruction signal and angle of pitch feedback signal, utilize adaptive control algorithm, after calculating the size of pitching motor rotating speed digital controlled signal, by D/A modular converter I the rotating speed digital controlled signal is converted into the rotating speed analog control signal, data processor sends pitching motor sense of rotation signal simultaneously; The pitching motor driving circuit is according to the rotating speed analog control signal and the direction signal that receive, export corresponding threephase stator winding square-wave voltage control pitching motor with certain speed rotation, drive the photovoltaic array action by pitching motor, the realization photovoltaic array is adjusted the angle of pitch in real time in the rotation of pitch orientation, until the deviation of angle of pitch input instruction signal and angle of pitch feedback signal is zero, photovoltaic array stops the rotation, thereby realizes the real-time high precision tracking of the sun angle of pitch;
Data processor is sent into as the position angle feedback signal in the true bearing angle that described position angle circle magnetic grid read head is measured photovoltaic array; Described data processor is according to the states such as deviation of position angle input instruction signal and position angle feedback signal, after calculating the size of azimuth-drive motor rotating speed digital controlled signal, by D/A modular converter II the rotating speed digital controlled signal is converted into the rotating speed analog control signal, data processor sends azimuth-drive motor sense of rotation signal simultaneously; The azimuth-drive motor driving circuit is according to the rotating speed analog control signal and the direction signal that receive, export corresponding threephase stator winding square-wave voltage control azimuth motor with certain speed rotation, drive photovoltaic array around vertical shaft rotary by azimuth-drive motor, the realization photovoltaic array is adjusted the position angle in real time in the rotation of azimuth direction, until the deviation of position angle input instruction signal and position angle feedback signal is zero, photovoltaic array stops the rotation, thereby realizes the real-time high precision tracking of solar azimuth.
Described azimuth adjustment assembly is arranged on angle of pitch adjusting part below, and the azimuth adjustment assembly is fixed on the column, and angle of pitch adjusting part is fixed on the vertical shaft of azimuth adjustment assembly.
Worm screw one end in the described azimuth adjustment assembly is installed back-to-back by two angular contact ball bearings and is supported on the orientation reduction case, and adjust pretightning force by round nut and realize radial and axial fixing, the other end is installed deep groove ball bearing and is realized radially fixing play.
Driving wheel in the curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set of described angle of pitch adjusting part is installed support back-to-back by two angular contact ball bearings, is connected with axle sleeve in the middle of the bearing, adjusts pretightning force by round nut and realizes radial and axial fixing.
Azimuth-drive motor in the described azimuth adjustment assembly and the pitching motor of angle of pitch adjusting part are brshless DC motor.
Also comprise light intensity sensor and air velocity transducer in the described control system, light intensity sensor is for detection of the overcast and rainy sunny weather situation of surrounding environment, and air velocity transducer is for detection of the wind speed size of surrounding environment; Light intensity sensor and air velocity transducer are sent to data processor with the signal that detects.
Described data processor is digital signal processor.
Owing to adopt technique scheme, the utility model is created possesses following beneficial effect:
1, the utility model utilizes the information feedback module to obtain the actual position information of photovoltaic array, the closed-loop control of realization system, and adopt the GPS module regularly the time that clock chip calculates to be carried out high-precision calibration, improved the real-time position angle of the sun and angle of pitch computational accuracy, tracking accuracy can reach 0.1%.
2, the utility model adopts the Dual-spindle linked pattern, and photovoltaic array tracker orientation adjusting part adopts plane first enveloped bull enveloping worm worm gear arrangement, and the pitch regulation assembly adopts the curved-tooth bevel gear wheel construction, and transmission efficiency can reach 90%; Two adjusting parts all adopt the gear train of big retarding ratio, significantly reduce the moment of inertia of photovoltaic array, just can drive the photovoltaic array rotation with the very little motor of power, can loss-rate be 0.5%.
3, the utility model adopts brshless DC motor, circle magnetic grid read head and photoelectric encoder to consist of closed-loop control system, adopt adaptive control algorithm, but establishment external disturbance, revise cumulative errors and reduce systematic error, it is low to have long-term tracking accuracy and reliability of operation and a maintenance cost.
4, the utility model adopts air velocity transducer to come the testing environment wind speed, sets level the photovoltaic array protection system when wind speed is excessive; It is overcast and rainy or fine adopting light intensity sensor testing environment weather, whether follows the tracks of the sun to determine device.
5, the utility model gear train has self-locking and electric limiting defencive function, and upsetting moment is large, and the control system circuit adopts modular design, and is simple in structure, is convenient to safeguard.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is along the cross-sectional view of A-A line among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is along the cross-sectional view of B-B line among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is along the cross-sectional view of C-C line among Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the theory diagram of control system in the utility model.
Reference numeral: 1, photovoltaic array, 2, bracing frame, 3, the pitching reduction case, 4, azimuth-drive motor, 5, column, 6, the orientation reduction case, 7, vertical shaft, 8, the pitching limit switch, 9, pitching motor, 10, the block II, 11, angular contact ball bearing, 12, driving wheel, 13, the inner ring axle sleeve, 14, the outer ring axle sleeve, 15, thin oil positive displacement lubricating pump, 16, thin oil positive displacement lubricating pump, 17, angular contact ball bearing, 18, worm gear, 19, Upper shaft sleeve, 20, wheel hub, 21, round nut, 22, dust cap, 23, O-ring seal, 24, Lower shaft sleeve, 25, the block I, 26, the orientation limit switch, 27, position angle circle magnetic grid, 28, position angle circle magnetic grid read head, 29, round nut, 30, shaft coupling, 31, the pitching motor fixed block, 32, round nut, 33, angle of pitch photoelectric encoder, 34, dust cap, 35, outside framework oil seal, 36, engaged wheel, 37, angular contact ball bearing, 38, round nut, 39, power transmission shaft, 40, end ring, 41, deep groove ball bearing, 42, worm screw, 43, angular contact ball bearing, 44, round nut, 45, outside framework oil seal, 46, the sealing set collar, 47, shaft coupling, 48, the azimuth-drive motor fixed block, 49, the GPS module, 50, clock chip, 51, light intensity sensor, 52, air velocity transducer, 53, data processor, 54, D/A modular converter I, 55, D/A modular converter II, 56, the pitching motor driving circuit, 57, the azimuth-drive motor driving circuit, 58, the pitching speed reduction unit, 59, the orientation speed reduction unit.
Embodiment
As shown in the figure, a kind of automatic sun tracking device, comprise photovoltaic array 1, be connected and regulate the regulating device of photovoltaic array position with photovoltaic array, column 5 and the control system of supporting and regulating device, described regulating device is comprised of angle of pitch adjusting part and azimuth adjustment assembly, photovoltaic array 1 is connected with angle of pitch adjusting part by bracing frame 2, angle of pitch adjusting part links to each other with the azimuth adjustment assembly by vertical shaft 7, the azimuth adjustment assembly is arranged on the column 5, and control system is carried out closed-loop control to regulating device; As shown in Figure 1, the azimuth adjustment assembly is corresponding to azimuth-drive motor 4 and orientation reduction case 6, angle of pitch adjusting part is corresponding to pitching motor 9 and pitching reduction case 3, connect by vertical shaft 7 between two adjusting parts, column 5 is as the whole tracking means of supports support, bracing frame 2 is connected in the rotating shaft terminal of angle of pitch adjusting part, and photovoltaic array 1 is realized the rotation tracking of its orientation and pitching by bracing frame 2.
Angle of pitch adjusting part is fixedly installed on the vertical shaft 7 in the azimuth adjustment assembly, described angle of pitch adjusting part is mainly by pitching motor 9, pitching speed reduction unit 58, shaft coupling, the curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set, power transmission shaft 39 and bracing frame 2 form, the power output shaft of pitching motor 9 outputs power to the driving wheel 12 of curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set by pitching speed reduction unit and shaft coupling successively, the engaged wheel 36 of curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set is connected with power transmission shaft 39 by key, bracing frame 2 is fixed on the two ends of power transmission shaft 39, the pitching that realizes bracing frame rotatablely moves, and at bracing frame 2 photovoltaic array 1 is installed; Describe its set-up mode in detail: shown in Fig. 2,3, angle of pitch adjusting part adopts the spiral bevel gear auxiliary structure: pitching motor 9 is fixing by pitching motor fixed block 31, driving wheel 12 is connected with the power output shaft of pitching motor 9 by shaft coupling 30, driving wheel adopts two angular contact ball bearings 11 that support is installed back-to-back, be provided with inner ring axle sleeve 13 and outer ring axle sleeve 14 between the bearing, prolong span, be conducive to improve the rigidity of driving wheel, round nut 29 is adjusted pretightning force; Engaged wheel 36 is connected with power transmission shaft 39 by key, and engaged wheel 36 adopts angular contact ball bearings 37 to install and fix back-to-back, two ends have respectively round nut 38 can about fine setting.Because tracking plate generally is to work in the open air, consider that working environment is more abominable, at the two ends of pitching reduction case 3 outside framework oil seal 35 has been installed, outside framework oil seal places in the dust cap 34, can well be rainproof and dustproof, dismounting also makes things convenient in the time of replacing, as long as dust cap 34 is pulled down, guarantee like this clean in the reduction case, be conducive to the serviceable life of prolonged deceleration device.Bracing frame 2 is fixed on the two ends of power transmission shaft 39 by round nut 32, realizes the tracking rotary of the angle of pitch.
Also be equipped with to detect the angle of pitch photoelectric encoder 33 of photovoltaic array actual position information on the power transmission shaft 39 of described angle of pitch adjusting part;
Described azimuth adjustment assembly mainly is comprised of azimuth-drive motor 4, orientation speed reduction unit 59, worm screw 42, worm gear 18, vertical shaft 7, the power output shaft of azimuth-drive motor 4 is connected with the input shaft of orientation speed reduction unit 59, the output shaft of orientation speed reduction unit 59 is connected with worm screw 42 by diaphragm coupling, worm screw 42 is connected with a joggle with worm gear 18, worm gear 18 is connected by key and vertical shaft 7, realizes the orientation rotation motion of vertical shaft 7; Describe its set-up mode in detail: shown in Fig. 2,4, azimuth-drive motor 4 is fixed on the orientation reduction case 6 by azimuth-drive motor fixed block 48, the azimuth adjustment assembly adopts plane first enveloped enveloping worm worm gear arrangement: wherein worm screw 42 1 ends are installed back-to-back by two angular contact ball bearings and are supported on the orientation reduction case 6, and adjust pretightning force by round nut and realize radial and axial fixing, the other end is installed deep groove ball bearing and is realized radially fixing play.The one end is fettered by radial force only, does not have responsive to axial force, and such benefit is when the worm screw expanded by heating, and certain stroke is arranged, and is conducive to increase the service life; Worm screw 42 connects by shaft coupling 47 with azimuth-drive motor 4, thereby in order to prevent that lubricating oil from flowing to azimuth-drive motor 4 inside and burning out motor, between azimuth-drive motor 4 and angular contact ball bearing 43 outside framework oil seal 45 is installed, and outside framework oil seal 45 places sealing set collar 46.Sealing set collar 46 is that interference fit is installed with orientation reduction case 6, thereby prevents the leakage of lubricating oil.On motor fixed block 48, also be equipped with the draining safety vent, if there is lubricating oil accidentally to reveal from outside framework oil seal, can be from discharging here, thus the protection motor safety.General worm gear material all is aldary, and in order to reduce cost, worm gear adopts split type installation.Worm gear 18 is installed on the wheel hub 20, then is connected with vertical shaft 7 by key, and dust cap 22 is installed on the orientation reduction case 6, and the centre adds O RunddichtringO circle 23, prevents leakage of oil.
Also be provided with to detect position angle circle magnetic grid 27 and the position angle circle magnetic grid read head 28 of photovoltaic array actual position information on the vertical shaft 7 of described azimuth adjustment assembly;
Azimuth-drive motor in the described azimuth adjustment assembly and the pitching motor of angle of pitch adjusting part all adopt brshless DC motor.
Described azimuth adjustment assembly and angle of pitch adjusting part adopt thin oil positive displacement lubricating pump 15,16 at regular time and quantity to transmission component and bearing lubrication, save with oil to greatest extent, realize economic environmental protection.
In the both sides of pitching reduction case 3 symmetry two pitching limit switches 8 have been installed, when photovoltaic array 1 clockwise direction or counter clockwise direction half-twist, the block II 10 that is installed on the bracing frame 2 will be run into pitching limit switch 8, pitching motor 9 stops operating, and send alerting signal, thereby realize ± 90 ° spacing.At orientation reduction case 6 orientation limit switch 26 is installed, when photovoltaic array 1 rotating 360 degrees, the block I 25 that is installed on the worm gear will be run into orientation limit switch 26, and azimuth-drive motor 4 stops operating, send alerting signal, realize 360 ° spacing.
Worm and gear and curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set all are the force transmission mechanisms of big retarding ratio, and especially plane first enveloped enveloping worm worm gear has error average effect, can improve transmission accuracy.The curved-tooth bevel gear wheel construction is compact, stable drive, and noise is little.The utility model adopts this two kinds of structures exactly.General single start worm transmission efficiency is lower, and for about 50%-70%, in order to improve transmission efficiency, this tracking means adopts multistart worm, and transmission efficiency can reach 90%.But the multistart worm reduction gear ratio has reduced, and in order to increase reduction gear ratio, at motor side planetary reducer is installed.This structure can significantly reduce the moment of inertia of solar energy photovoltaic panel, just can drive photovoltaic panel with very little motor and move, with the purpose that realizes saving energy and reduce the cost.
As shown in Figure 5, described control system is obtained with calibration module, information feedback module, motion-control module, D/A modular converter I 54, D/A modular converter II 55, light intensity sensor 51 and air velocity transducer 52 by data processor 53, time and is formed; Wherein, data processor 53 is digital signal processor, can adopt TMS320F2812;
The described time obtains with calibration module and is comprised of clock chip 50 and GPS module 49, and clock chip 50 can adopt DS12C887, is used for the temporal information of one day sun diverse location is sent to data processor 53; GPS module 49 is used for regularly clock chip 50 being carried out high-precision calibration;
Described information feedback module is made of angle of pitch photoelectric encoder 33 and position angle circle magnetic grid read head 28, be sent to data processor in order to the position angle that obtains tracking solar photovoltaic array reality and the angle of pitch and with this information, relatively obtain tracking error with the sun angle positional information that calculates, realize the closed-loop control of system;
Described motion-control module is comprised of pitching motor driving circuit 56, pitching limit switch 8, azimuth-drive motor driving circuit 57 and orientation limit switch 26, pitching motor driving circuit 56 and azimuth-drive motor driving circuit 57 output threephase stator winding voltages, be rotated to drive pitching motor 9 and azimuth-drive motor 4, pitching limit switch 8 and orientation limit switch 26 are used for carrying out spacing to position angle and angle of pitch extreme position that photovoltaic array rotates;
Photovoltaic array 1 azimuthal adjustment process is: the true bearing angle that position angle circle magnetic grid read head 28 is measured photovoltaic array 1, send into data processor 53 as the position angle feedback signal; Data processor 53 is according to the states such as deviation of position angle input instruction signal and position angle feedback signal, utilize adaptive control algorithm, the size that calculates azimuth-drive motor 4 rotating speed digital controlled signals is converted into the rotating speed analog control signal by D/A modular converter II 55 with the rotating speed digital controlled signal, and data processor sends azimuth-drive motor 4 sense of rotation signals simultaneously; Azimuth-drive motor driving circuit 57 is according to the rotating speed analog control signal and the direction signal that receive, export corresponding threephase stator winding square-wave voltage control azimuth motor 4 with certain speed rotation, by with the direct-connected precise planetary reducer of azimuth-drive motor 4, drive orientation speed reduction unit 59 and drive photovoltaic array 1 around vertical axis revolving, realization photovoltaic array 1 is adjusted the position angle in real time in the rotation of azimuth direction, until the deviation of position angle input instruction signal and position angle feedback signal is zero, photovoltaic array 1 stops the rotation, thereby realizes the real-time high precision tracking of solar azimuth;
The adjustment process of photovoltaic array 1 angle of pitch is: angle of pitch photoelectric encoder 33 is measured the actual angle of pitch of photovoltaic array 1, sends into data processor 53 as angle of pitch feedback signal; Data processor 53 is according to the states such as deviation of angle of pitch input instruction signal and angle of pitch feedback signal, utilize adaptive control algorithm, the size that calculates pitching motor 4 rotating speed digital controlled signals is converted into the rotating speed analog control signal by D/A modular converter I 54 with the rotating speed digital controlled signal, and data processor sends pitching motor 9 sense of rotation signals simultaneously; Pitching motor driving circuit 56 is according to the rotating speed analog control signal and the direction signal that receive, export corresponding threephase stator winding square-wave voltage control pitching motor 9 with certain speed rotation, by driving photovoltaic array 1 around horizontal rotational shaft with pitching motor, realization photovoltaic array 1 is adjusted the angle of pitch in real time in the rotation of pitch orientation, until the deviation of angle of pitch input instruction signal and angle of pitch feedback signal is zero, photovoltaic array 1 stops the rotation, thereby realizes the real-time high precision tracking of the sun angle of pitch.
The temporal information that data processor 53 utilizes clock chip 50 accurately to calculate is distinguished round the clock, and follow the tracks of of daytime, stops to follow the tracks of and automatically getting back to initial position evening; Utilizing air velocity transducer 52 to detect the surrounding environment wind speed of photovoltaic arrays 1, when excessive and output voltage signal surpasses setting value when wind speed, is protection photovoltaic array 1, and this timer stops to follow the tracks of, and puts photovoltaic array 1 and come protection system.It is overcast and rainy or fine that data processor 53 utilizes light intensity sensor 51 testing environment weather, realizes the fine sun of following the tracks of, and does not overcast and rainyly follow the tracks of.
In sum, the solar double shafts autotracker of present embodiment has been realized accurately determining of position of sun and has accurately followed the tracks of that its tracking accuracy can reach 0.1%, can loss-rate only be 0.5%, utilizes simultaneously perfect defencive function to protect system.
Foregoing only is used for discussing technical scheme but not the utility model is done any restriction; the variation of every any simple modification, change and equivalent structure of above embodiment being done according to the utility model essence all belongs to the protection domain of the technical solution of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. an automatic sun tracking device comprises photovoltaic array (1), is connected with photovoltaic array and regulates the regulating device of photovoltaic array position, the column of supporting and regulating device (5) and control system, it is characterized in that:
Described regulating device is comprised of angle of pitch adjusting part and azimuth adjustment assembly, photovoltaic array (1) is connected with angle of pitch adjusting part by bracing frame (2), angle of pitch adjusting part links to each other with the azimuth adjustment assembly by vertical shaft (7), the azimuth adjustment assembly is arranged on the column (5), and control system is carried out closed-loop control to regulating device;
Described azimuth adjustment assembly mainly is comprised of azimuth-drive motor (4), orientation speed reduction unit (59), worm screw (42), worm gear (18), vertical shaft (7), the power output shaft of azimuth-drive motor (4) is connected with the input shaft of orientation speed reduction unit (59), the output shaft of orientation speed reduction unit (59) is connected with worm screw (42) by diaphragm coupling, worm screw (42) is connected with a joggle with worm gear (18), worm gear (18) is connected by key and vertical shaft (7), realizes the orientation rotation motion of vertical shaft (7);
Also be provided with to detect position angle circle magnetic grid (27) and the position angle circle magnetic grid read head (28) of photovoltaic array actual position information on the vertical shaft of described azimuth adjustment assembly (7);
Angle of pitch adjusting part is fixedly installed on the vertical shaft (7), described angle of pitch adjusting part is mainly by pitching motor (9), shaft coupling, the curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set, power transmission shaft (39) and bracing frame (2) form, the power output shaft of pitching motor (9) is connected by the end of shaft coupling with the driving wheel (12) of curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set, the engaged wheel of curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set (36) is connected with power transmission shaft (39) by key, bracing frame (2) is fixed on the two ends of power transmission shaft (39), the pitching that realizes bracing frame rotatablely moves, and at bracing frame (2) photovoltaic array (1) is installed;
Also be equipped with to detect the angle of pitch photoelectric encoder (33) of photovoltaic array actual position information on the power transmission shaft of described angle of pitch adjusting part (39);
Described control system mainly by data processor (53), the time obtains forms with calibration module, information feedback module, motion-control module and D/A modular converter;
The described time obtains with calibration module and is comprised of clock chip (50) and GPS module (49), and its clock chip (50) is used for the temporal information of one day sun diverse location is sent to data processor (53); GPS module (49) is used for regularly clock chip (50) being carried out high-precision calibration;
Described information feedback module is made of angle of pitch photoelectric encoder (33) and position angle circle magnetic grid read head (28), be sent to data processor in order to the position angle that obtains tracking solar photovoltaic array reality and the angle of pitch and with this information, relatively obtain tracking error with the sun angle positional information that calculates, realize the closed-loop control of system;
Described motion-control module is comprised of pitching motor driving circuit (56), pitching limit switch (8), azimuth-drive motor driving circuit (57) and orientation limit switch (26), pitching motor driving circuit (56) and azimuth-drive motor driving circuit (57) amplify the control signal of motor, be rotated to drive pitching motor (9) and azimuth-drive motor (4), pitching limit switch (8) and orientation limit switch (26) are used for carrying out spacing to position angle and angle of pitch extreme position that solar energy photovoltaic panel rotates;
Described data processor (53) utilizes in 1 year that clock chip (50) accurately calculates certain day temporal information, according to the longitude and latitude data of locality and solar period the laws of motion equation, position angle and the angle of pitch of the sun when calculating certain day different moment, determine thus corresponding position angle and the angle of pitch of photovoltaic array, respectively as servo-drive system position angle and angle of pitch input instruction signal;
Described angle of pitch photoelectric encoder (33) is measured the actual angle of pitch of photovoltaic array, sends into data processor (53) as angle of pitch feedback signal; Data processor (53) is according to the states such as deviation of angle of pitch input instruction signal and angle of pitch feedback signal, utilize adaptive control algorithm, after calculating the size of pitching motor (9) rotating speed digital controlled signal, by D/A modular converter I (54) the rotating speed digital controlled signal is converted into the rotating speed analog control signal, data processor sends pitching motor sense of rotation signal simultaneously; Pitching motor driving circuit (56) is according to the rotating speed analog control signal and the direction signal that receive, export corresponding threephase stator winding square-wave voltage control pitching motor (9) with certain speed rotation, drive photovoltaic array (1) action by pitching motor (9), the realization photovoltaic array is adjusted the angle of pitch in real time in the rotation of pitch orientation, until the deviation of angle of pitch input instruction signal and angle of pitch feedback signal is zero, photovoltaic array stops the rotation, thereby realizes the real-time high precision tracking of the sun angle of pitch;
Data processor (53) is sent into as the position angle feedback signal in the true bearing angle that described position angle circle magnetic grid read head (28) is measured photovoltaic array; Described data processor is according to the states such as deviation of position angle input instruction signal and position angle feedback signal, after calculating the size of azimuth-drive motor (4) rotating speed digital controlled signal, by D/A modular converter II (55) the rotating speed digital controlled signal is converted into the rotating speed analog control signal, data processor sends azimuth-drive motor sense of rotation signal simultaneously; Azimuth-drive motor driving circuit (57) is according to the rotating speed analog control signal and the direction signal that receive, export corresponding threephase stator winding square-wave voltage control azimuth motor (4) with certain speed rotation, driving photovoltaic array by azimuth-drive motor (4) rotates around vertical shaft (7), the realization photovoltaic array is adjusted the position angle in real time in the rotation of azimuth direction, until the deviation of position angle input instruction signal and position angle feedback signal is zero, photovoltaic array stops the rotation, thereby realizes the real-time high precision tracking of solar azimuth.
2. automatic sun tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described azimuth adjustment assembly is arranged on angle of pitch adjusting part below, the azimuth adjustment assembly is fixed on the column (5), and angle of pitch adjusting part is fixed on the vertical shaft (7) of azimuth adjustment assembly.
3. automatic sun tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: worm screw (42) one ends in the described azimuth adjustment assembly are installed back-to-back by two angular contact ball bearings and are supported on the orientation reduction case (6), and adjust pretightning force by round nut and realize radial and axial fixing, the other end is installed deep groove ball bearing and is realized radially fixing play.
4. automatic sun tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the driving wheel (12) in the curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set of described angle of pitch adjusting part is installed support back-to-back by two angular contact ball bearings, be connected with axle sleeve in the middle of the bearing, adjust pretightning force by round nut and realize radial and axial fixing.
5. automatic sun tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be equipped with thin oil positive displacement lubricating pump in described azimuth adjustment assembly and the pitch regulation assembly.
6. automatic sun tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the azimuth-drive motor (4) in the described azimuth adjustment assembly and the pitching motor (9) of angle of pitch adjusting part are brshless DC motor.
7. automatic sun tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise light intensity sensor (51) and air velocity transducer (52) in the described control system, light intensity sensor (51) is for detection of the overcast and rainy sunny weather situation of surrounding environment, and air velocity transducer (52) is for detection of the wind speed size of surrounding environment; Light intensity sensor (51) and air velocity transducer (52) are sent to data processor (53) with the signal that detects.
8. automatic sun tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data processor (53) is digital signal processor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220315676 CN202838034U (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2012-07-02 | Automatic sun tracking system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220315676 CN202838034U (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2012-07-02 | Automatic sun tracking system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN202838034U true CN202838034U (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220315676 Withdrawn - After Issue CN202838034U (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2012-07-02 | Automatic sun tracking system |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN202838034U (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102778896A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-11-14 | 洛阳师范学院 | Automatic solar tracking device |
| CN103488193A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 天津航天机电设备研究所 | Satellite-borne high-precision pointing tracking mechanism |
| CN103713661A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 | Method enabling speed change of heliostat to be achieved |
| CN106020251A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-10-12 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Solar tracking driving device based on planetary speed reducer and worm and gear speed reducer |
| CN106647826A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Two-dimensional photoelectric tracking rotary table driving control system and control method thereof |
| CN107248117A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-10-13 | 深圳市光奕能源科技有限公司 | The quick method for determining solar panel setting angle |
| CN107272748A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-10-20 | 芜湖泰领信息科技有限公司 | The tracking of solar tracking device |
| CN110647174A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-03 | 沈平 | Vertical-horizontal integrated double-shaft speed reduction transmission system based on friction transmission |
-
2012
- 2012-07-02 CN CN 201220315676 patent/CN202838034U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102778896A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-11-14 | 洛阳师范学院 | Automatic solar tracking device |
| CN103488193A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 天津航天机电设备研究所 | Satellite-borne high-precision pointing tracking mechanism |
| CN103488193B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-11-18 | 天津航天机电设备研究所 | A kind of spaceborne high precision points to follower |
| CN103713661A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 | Method enabling speed change of heliostat to be achieved |
| CN103713661B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2016-09-28 | 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 | A kind of method realizing heliostat speed change |
| CN106020251A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-10-12 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Solar tracking driving device based on planetary speed reducer and worm and gear speed reducer |
| CN106647826A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Two-dimensional photoelectric tracking rotary table driving control system and control method thereof |
| CN107248117A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-10-13 | 深圳市光奕能源科技有限公司 | The quick method for determining solar panel setting angle |
| CN107272748A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-10-20 | 芜湖泰领信息科技有限公司 | The tracking of solar tracking device |
| CN110647174A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-03 | 沈平 | Vertical-horizontal integrated double-shaft speed reduction transmission system based on friction transmission |
| CN110647174B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2024-03-08 | 沈平 | Vertical and horizontal integrated double-shaft speed reduction transmission system based on friction transmission |
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