CN101881973B - Active sun tracker - Google Patents
Active sun tracker Download PDFInfo
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- CN101881973B CN101881973B CN2010102152335A CN201010215233A CN101881973B CN 101881973 B CN101881973 B CN 101881973B CN 2010102152335 A CN2010102152335 A CN 2010102152335A CN 201010215233 A CN201010215233 A CN 201010215233A CN 101881973 B CN101881973 B CN 101881973B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention discloses an active sun tracker, which comprises a base, a central controller, a servo driver, a mechanical rotary unit of azimuth angles, a mechanical rotary unit of altitude angles, a solar battery module and an external sensor module, wherein the central controller comprises a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), the PLC converts the computed change of the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the sun into output pulses, and the output pulses are respectively sent to a rotary stepping motor driver of azimuth angles and an encoder and a counter of a brushless DC motor of altitude angles; and the servo driver comprises the stepping motor driver, the encoder and the counter, wherein the encoder and the counter are used for controlling the brushless DC motor to close the position loop. The sun tracker of the invention can realize the purpose of tracking sunrays in real time with high precision and low energy consumption under various climatic and optical environments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solar photovoltaic generation system field, particularly relate to a kind of ability through geographical location information and local time value, the active sun tracker of automatic accurate tracking solar azimuth.
Background technology
Along with the continuous growth of the mankind to demands for energy, traditional energy is exhausted fast, and sun power is following human optimal substitute energy.Scientists generally acknowledges that sun power is following human optimal substitute energy.Sun power utilizes conversion ratio to be about 10%-20% at present, and theoretical analysis shows: the tracking of the sun and non-tracking, and the acceptance rate of energy differs 37.7%, and the design of intelligent-tracking sun device is to solve a low important channel of solar energy utilization ratio.Study accurate sun tracker, the per day generated energy of solar components is improved greatly, thereby when improving the solar power plant utilization ratio, reduce cost of electricity-generating.
Existing sun tracker is many to obtain the passive mode of position of sun with electro-optical pickoff, realizes the tracking to the sun.Because photoelectric sensor makes its bad adaptability to environment to the dependence of light, overcast and rainy, and the influence of outside high light, car bulb for example, lightnings etc. cause misoperation easily, poor practicability is unfavorable for promoting the use of.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the technical matters that the present invention will solve provides a kind of stable sun tracker, can be implemented in various weathers, under the optical environment sunray is carried out the real-time follow-up of high precision, low energy consumption.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of active sun tracker comprises base, central controller, servo-driver, machinery rotation unit, position angle, elevation angle mechanical rotation unit, solar module and external sensor module, wherein
Said central controller comprises PLC, and this PLC is converted into the output umber of pulse with the variation of solar azimuth that calculates and elevation angle, sends to scrambler, the counter of position angle revolution stepper motor driver and elevation angle dc brushless motor respectively;
Said servo motion device comprises stepper motor driver and controls scrambler, the counter that dc brushless motor is made position closed loop;
Machinery rotation unit, said position angle comprises the position angle rotating base, the position angle rotating spindle, and supporting box has the worm and gear transmission of auto-lock function and position angle stepper motor;
Said elevation angle rotary unit comprises line handspike, dc brushless motor, cell panel runing rest, motor bearing;
Said external sensor module comprises temperature sensor, photoelectric sensor, anemoscope.
Described stepper motor driver is that pulse adds the direction control model, accepts the position angle umber of pulse that PLC transmits, and driven square parallactic angle machinery rotation unit runs to specified angle.
Scrambler is installed on the battery board bracket feathering axis, and when under the promotion of cell panel at electric pushrod during around horizontal rotational shaft, scrambler sends pulse signal; Umber of pulse under the counter records, the nominal data that transmits with PLC compares, when numerical value equates; Dc brushless motor is out of service, and when less than demarcation numerical value, dc brushless motor just changes; Otherwise, the dc brushless motor counter-rotating.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention can be:
At first, this active tracker does not receive weather and external environment influence, and the PLC control that can network realizes remote monitoring; Secondly, adopt the worm and gear transmission and the rack-and-pinion transmission of self-locking, simple in structure, can bear very large load, and prevent to lose the position under the high wind, realize accurate tracking; Last total system provides the energy by the solar panel of self; Need not to be equipped with other power module, and system adopts the clearance-type operation, have only when the sun just to begin to follow the trail of during in effective generating elevation angle; Night, continuously during overcast and rainy or high wind weather; System will set level automatically, get back to zero-bit, reduce energy loss.
The present invention realize photovoltaic generating system from motion tracking, long-distance on-line control, generating efficiency optimization.Firm in structure durable, simple installation, low energy consumption is safeguarded simple.Adapt to various atrocious weathers and environmental baseline, can normal operation under various rugged environments (high wind, moist and desert Environment etc.), under 15 grades of landscape conditions, can guarantee security of system, can operate as normal below strong gale.Independently control individual system through PLC, also can cross LAN or radio communication realization Long-distance Control.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is tracker one-piece construction figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A is position angle machinery rotation unit composed component and relativeness figure;
Fig. 2 B is the scheme of erection of Fig. 2 A.
The ultimate principle block diagram that Fig. 3 follows the tracks of for tracker.
Fig. 4 is the electrical schematic diagram of tracker.
Among the figure:
101 solar panels, 102 battery board brackets, 103 line handspikes, 104 cell panel runing rests, 105 dc brushless motors, 106 position angle rotating bases, machinery rotation unit, 107 position angle, 108 stepper motors, 109 bearing seats, 110 scramblers.
201 taper roll bearing end caps, 202 roof box, taper roll bearing on 203,204 worm gears; 205 rotating spindles, 206 worm screws, 207 angular contact ball bearing end caps; 208 angular contact ball bearings, 209 times taper roll bearings, 210 casings; 211 times taper roll bearing seats, 212 stepper motor seats, 213 shaft couplings.
Embodiment
Do further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment specific embodiments of the invention, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
The present invention proposes initiatively tracking means of a kind of sun, it comprises base, central controller, servo-driver, machinery rotation unit, position angle, elevation angle mechanical rotation unit, solar module, external sensor module.Solar module comprises: solar panel, and battery board bracket, inverter, accumulator etc., accumulator are that total system provides electric energy, because system adopts the clearance-type operation, energy consumption is low.
Said central controller comprises PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), contactor, circuit breaker, hot protective breaker, control knob.According to theoretical in " astronomical algorithm " the 24th chapter, requiring when computational accuracy is 0.01 degree, can suppose that earth movements are pure ellipses when calculating position of sun, that is to say the perturbation of ignoring the moon and planet, and the specific algorithm principle can be referring to this book related Sections.The longitude and latitude of locality is input to PLC, and it is consistent with local local time to set the PLC system clock.PLC utilizes the sunny theoretical position of uranology Theoretical Calculation, and the variation with solar azimuth that calculates and elevation angle is converted into the output umber of pulse again, sends to position angle revolution stepper motor driver respectively, drive stepping motor rotation specified angle; With the encoder to count device of elevation angle dc brushless motor, when the elevation angle motor ran to assigned address, counter values equated with evaluation, has so just realized the tracking of position angle and elevation angle respectively.
Said servo motion device comprises stepper motor driver and controls the scrambler that dc brushless motor is made position closed loop, counter.Stepper motor driver is that pulse adds the direction control model, accepts the position angle umber of pulse that PLC transmits, and driven square parallactic angle machinery rotation unit runs to specified angle.Scrambler is installed on the battery board bracket feathering axis, and when under the promotion of cell panel at electric pushrod during around horizontal rotational shaft, scrambler sends pulse signal; Umber of pulse under the counter records, the nominal data that transmits with PLC compares, when numerical value equates; Direct current generator is out of service, and when less than demarcation numerical value, motor just changes; Otherwise, the motor counter-rotating.
Machinery rotation unit, said position angle comprises the position angle rotating base, the position angle rotating spindle, and supporting box has the worm and gear transmission of auto-lock function and position angle stepper motor.The position angle rotating base is connected through one group of bolt with cell panel runing rest seat, passes through the square toes of main shaft and the square hole transmitting torque of self with the position angle rotating spindle simultaneously, and axle head is locked with 4 bolts, prevents axially to collect together.Worm gear is installed in the main shaft middle part, and main shaft is vertically mounted on the supporting box through a pair of taper roll bearing.Worm screw can cross on a pair of angular contact bearing level installation and the supporting box, and worm shaft links to each other with stepper motor through shaft joint, and stepper motor is installed on the supporting box motor frame.Because system's operation slowly, the worm and gear transmission adopts the air cooling, and worm gear adopts cast iron materials, and worm screw adopts plain carbon steel through modified Quenching Treatment.
Said elevation angle rotary unit comprises line handspike, dc brushless motor, cell panel runing rest, motor bearing.Dc brushless motor is wanted to be connected through shaft coupling with line handspike; And be installed on the motor bearing; The motor bearing is installed on the cell panel runing rest through bolt; Battery board bracket is connected with battery board bracket through two pairs of bearing seats, and the top of line handspike is connected through bearing pin with battery bracket.Line handspike inside is the rack-and-pinion transmission, and push rod promotes battery board bracket and rotates around bearing seat, realizes the elevation angle tracking.
Said external sensor module comprises temperature sensor, photoelectric sensor, anemoscope.Thereby exceed system works temperature range or overcast and rainy continuously, and during high wind weather, after PLC obtains signal, with solar panel being placed level or upright position according to predetermined formula when external temperature is too high or too low.
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B.Fig. 1 is tracker one-piece construction figure of the present invention, has represented the critical piece of active sun tracker.Fig. 2 A is position angle machinery rotation unit composed component and relativeness figure; Fig. 2 B is the scheme of erection of Fig. 2 A.
The assembly relation of each parts is referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 B.Solar panel 101 is installed on the battery board bracket 102 through bolt; Battery board bracket is installed on the bearing seat 109 via bearing pin; The axle of scrambler 110 is connected with bearing pin; Bearing seat 109 is connected with cell panel runing rest 104, and the base of cell panel runing rest 104 is connected through one group of bolt with rotating base 201.Line handspike 103 tops are connected through bearing pin with free bearing on battery board bracket 102 middle cross beams, and the other end is connected with dc brushless motor 105, and is installed on the cell panel runing rest 104.
The operation block diagram of system and electrical schematic diagram are referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and sensor sends among the PLC temperature with the signal of gathering; Wind speed and photoelectric sensor are all exported a switching value, and when tested value exceeded its preset range, it exported 0 (or 1); Otherwise, output 1 (or 0).When the sensor signal that receives as PLC is 0 (or 1), after PLC runs to control system solar panel and is horizontal level, out of service.When sensor signal is 1 (or 0) once more, system roll-back.PLC goes out the position angle and the elevation angle of the current time sun during normal the operation according to local longitude and latitude and Time Calculation; When sun altitude during greater than setting value (for example elevation angle is greater than 20 degree), system gets into tracking mode, and PLC will work as forward angle and convert umber of pulse to; Send to stepper motor driver; The driver drives stepper motor drives worm screw, through worm gear reducer, drives whole runing rest and solar panel rotation by rotary main shaft.When elevation angle changes, PLC will calculate the umber of pulse that the respective heights angle changes, and make comparisons with umber of pulse in the counter; When umber of pulse that umber of pulse in the counter calculates less than PLC, PLC control dc brushless motor just changes, and equates up to the two; Otherwise the motor counter-rotating equates up to the two.Like this, along with change of time, the calculated value of PLC constantly changes, thereby realizes real-time follow-up.When sun altitude during less than designated value (for example elevation angle is less than 20 degree) stop to follow the tracks of, system runs to zero point, cell panel is the level of state, system gets into dormant state, when sun altitude was greater than designated value next time, system started once more.
The main monitoring of environmental temperature of temperature sensor, crossing when low or too high solar cell when temperature all can't operate as normal, generally between-10 ℃～+ 80 ℃; Air velocity transducer is mainly measured ambient wind velocity, when wind speed during greater than 15 grades, if solar panel is over against wind direction; The pressure that system bears will be above its limit; Entire bracket might be destroyed, so when wind speed surpasses 15 grades, system will run to solar panel and be the level of state; So that wind surface is minimum, thereby guarantee not destroyed of system by high wind; Photoelectric sensor is mainly gathered environmental light intensity, and when overcast and rainy, environmental light intensity obviously descends, and solar cell working inefficiency, system are negative generating state, so will quit work this moment, when light intensity is enough, reruns again.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be used for limiting practical range of the present invention.Have common knowledge the knowledgeable in the technical field under any, do not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can doing various changes and retouching, so protection scope of the present invention should be looked claims institute confining spectrum and is as the criterion.
Claims (3)
1. an active sun tracker is characterized in that comprising base, central controller, servo-driver, machinery rotation unit, position angle, elevation angle mechanical rotation unit, solar module and external sensor module, wherein
Said servo motion device comprises the position angle stepper motor driver and controls elevation angle scrambler, the elevation angle counter that the elevation angle dc brushless motor is made position closed loop; Elevation angle mechanical rotation unit comprises the elevation angle dc brushless motor;
Said elevation angle mechanical rotation unit comprises the electric linear push rod, elevation angle dc brushless motor, cell panel runing rest, motor bearing;
Said central controller comprises PLC; This PLC is converted into the output umber of pulse with the solar azimuth that calculates and sends to the position angle stepper motor driver; PLC is converted into the output umber of pulse with the variation of the elevation angle that calculates, and sends to elevation angle scrambler, the elevation angle counter of elevation angle dc brushless motor;
Machinery rotation unit, said position angle comprises the position angle rotating base, the position angle rotating spindle, and supporting box has the worm and gear transmission of auto-lock function and position angle stepper motor;
Said external sensor module comprises temperature sensor, photoelectric sensor, anemoscope.
2. active sun tracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that described position angle stepper motor driver is that pulse adds the direction control model, accepts the position angle umber of pulse that PLC transmits, and driven square parallactic angle machinery rotation unit runs to specified angle.
3. active sun tracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that described elevation angle scrambler is installed on the feathering axis of cell panel runing rest, when cell panel under the promotion of electric linear push rod during around horizontal rotational shaft; The elevation angle scrambler sends pulse signal, umber of pulse under the elevation angle counter records, and the nominal data that said umber of pulse and PLC are transmitted compares; When numerical value equates; The high angle dc brushless motor is out of service, and when less than the numerical value of nominal data, the high angle dc brushless motor just changes; Otherwise, the counter-rotating of high angle dc brushless motor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102152335A CN101881973B (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2010-06-30 | Active sun tracker |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102152335A CN101881973B (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2010-06-30 | Active sun tracker |
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| CN101881973B true CN101881973B (en) | 2012-02-01 |
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| CN2010102152335A Expired - Fee Related CN101881973B (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2010-06-30 | Active sun tracker |
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| CN102778896B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-07-02 | 洛阳师范学院 | Automatic solar tracking device |
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| CN104991568B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2018-11-23 | 中山诺顿科研技术服务有限公司 | solar tracking controller and tracking method thereof |
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| CN109580465A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of natural environment acceleration test apparatus and its application method for strengthening photo-thermal effect |
| CN109861633A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-07 | 江苏中信博新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of mechanical self-latching compact form photovoltaic tracking system |
| CN110759004B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-31 | 常州磐宇仪器有限公司 | Motor boundary determination method and self-adaptive positioning application thereof on sampling needle push rod |
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| CN1369956A (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2002-09-18 | 南京春辉科技实业有限公司 | Photovoltaic electric generation system automatically tracking sun |
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