CN202453740U - Solar automatic-tracking device based on GPS (Global Positioning System) and light-sensitive sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to solar automatic-tracking equipment and particularly relates to a solar automatic-tracking device based on a GPS (Global Positioning System) and a light-sensitive sensor. The device comprises a solar power generation system, a stepping drive mechanism, a GPS timing module, a light-sensitive sensor and a singlechip control circuit, wherein the solar power generation system converts solar energy into electric energy which is stored in a storage battery and supplied to various components; the stepping drive mechanism drives a battery panel to rotate under the control of the singlechip control circuit so as to change an inclination angle; the GPS timing module is used for acquiring the geographic information in a position where the device is located and current time information; and the light-sensitive sensor is used for feeding back inclination-angle signals of light received by the battery panel after the battery panel is adjusted, and the angle of the battery panel is further adjusted according to errors which possibly exist until the errors are zero, thereby meeting the requirement of high accuracy.

Description

Automatic Sun Tracking Device Based on GPS and Photosensitive Sensor

technical field

The utility model belongs to sun automatic tracking equipment, in particular to a sun automatic tracking device based on GPS and photosensitive sensors.

Background technique

As a safe and environmentally friendly new energy source, solar energy has attracted people's attention. At present, its application in photothermal conversion has been quite extensive. However, the efficiency of solar power generation is low and the cost is high, and the development of photoelectric conversion is restricted. Another experiment shows that using the sun automatic tracking power generation equipment can increase the power generation by 35% compared with the fixed power generation equipment. Therefore, it is very necessary in the development and utilization of solar energy to make solar panels track the sun to improve the utilization rate of solar energy.

At present, the technologies in the field of automatic sun tracking are mainly divided into three categories:

(1) Clock tracking: Calculate the angle that the solar receiving device should rotate per minute according to the angle that the sun rotates per minute, and control the speed of the stepping motor so that the solar panel and the light tend to be perpendicular. The advantage of this method is that the control circuit is simple, but the disadvantage is that the open-loop control system is used to track the sun, which has accumulated errors and wastes electric energy.

(2) Pressure difference tracking: In 1994, "Solar Energy" magazine introduced a single-axis hydraulic automatic tracker. Its principle is to use the different light-receiving areas of two closed containers, and the different heating of the containers to cause the liquid inside the container to vaporize to generate a pressure difference. , to drive the receiver to rotate. The advantage of differential pressure tracking is that the mechanical device is simple, no electronic control part is needed, and no power consumption is required. The disadvantage is that the accuracy is low.

(3) Photoelectric tracking: The photoelectric sensor generates a feedback signal according to the deflection of the sun, which is amplified and sorted and input to the control unit, and the control unit drives the stepper motor to rotate to align the receiving device with the sun. The advantage of this method is that it is sensitive and has high precision. The disadvantage is that it is easily affected by the environment, especially the climatic conditions, such as cloudy, cloudy, rainy and snowy weather may cause the tracking device to fail to align with the sun or even malfunction.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems of the above-mentioned automatic sun tracking system, the utility model provides an automatic sun tracking device based on GPS and a photosensitive sensor, which enables the device to achieve high-precision, real-time on-the-spot effects in the process of tracking the sun, and significantly improves solar energy. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery panel further increases the utilization rate of solar energy.

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:

The device includes a solar power generation system, a stepping drive mechanism, a GPS timing module, a photosensitive sensor and a single-chip microcomputer control circuit. The bracket is composed of a bottom plate and side plates on both sides, forming a "concave" shape; the bottom plate of the bracket is fixedly connected with the upper end of the vertical support shaft, and the lower end of the vertical support shaft is connected with the vertical stepping motor through a coupling; the two sides of the bracket A horizontal connecting shaft parallel to the bottom plate is arranged between the plates, and a horizontal stepping motor connected to one end of the horizontal connecting shaft is arranged on one side wall of the support; a solar panel is fixedly installed on the horizontal connecting shaft, and the solar panel is installed Photosensitive sensor; described vertical stepping motor, horizontal stepping motor, photosensitive sensor and GPS timing module are all connected with single-chip microcomputer control circuit.

The solar battery panel is connected with a storage battery, and the storage battery is respectively connected with a vertical stepping motor, a horizontal stepping motor, a photosensitive sensor, a GPS timing module and a single-chip microcomputer control circuit.

The GPS timing module is integrated on the single-chip microcomputer control circuit, and the GPS timing module has a display screen.

The photosensitive sensor is a cube structure, and its upper surface is divided into 8 identical equi-inclined triangular faces, the middle 4 triangular faces are inclined towards the center of the cube, and the outer 4 triangular faces are respectively inclined towards the four vertices of the lower bottom surface of the cube. .

The solar power generation system converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the battery for use by various components; the stepping drive mechanism drives the battery panel to rotate under the control of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit, thereby changing the inclination angle; the GPS timing module is used to obtain the location of the device Geographical information and current time information; the photosensitive sensor is used to feed back the light inclination signal received by the panel after adjustment, and further adjust the angle of the panel according to possible errors until the error is zero, meeting the high-precision requirements.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

(1) Realize the automatic tracking of the sun by the solar panel, effectively improve the absorption efficiency of sunlight, increase the utilization rate of clean energy, and have great environmental protection and energy benefits;

(2) High precision, relatively less affected by the adverse external environment;

(3) Using GPS as a collection tool for geographic information and time information can accurately calculate the altitude and azimuth angle of the sun at any time at the current location, as the basis for adjusting the inclination angle of the battery panel. When the placement position changes, the device will still Can accurately track the sun without human intervention;

(4) The brand-new photosensitive sensor with the same inclination angle and eight cut surfaces is used as a tool to generate feedback signals. The device uses the feedback signals to judge whether the adjusted electric board meets the requirement of being perpendicular to the incident light, so as to eliminate cumulative errors and achieve high precision requirements.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of the automatic sun tracking device;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of described device;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of photosensitive sensor;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the device.

Labels in the figure:

1-bracket; 2-vertical support shaft; 3-coupling; 4-vertical stepping motor; 5-horizontal connecting shaft; 6-horizontal stepping motor; 7-solar panel.

Detailed ways

The utility model provides an automatic sun tracking device based on GPS and a photosensitive sensor. The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the device includes a solar power generation system, a stepping drive mechanism, a GPS timing module, a photosensitive sensor and a single-chip microcomputer control circuit. Bracket 1 is composed of a bottom plate and side plates on both sides, forming a "concave" shape; the bottom plate of bracket 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of vertical support shaft 2, and the lower end of vertical support shaft 2 is connected with vertical stepping motor 4 through coupling 3 A horizontal connecting shaft 5 parallel to the base plate is set between the two side plates of the support 1, and a horizontal stepping motor 6 connected to one end of the horizontal connecting shaft 5 is set on one side wall of the support 1; the horizontal connecting shaft 5 is fixedly installed Solar panel 7, and photosensitive sensor is installed on this solar panel 7; Described vertical stepper motor 4, horizontal stepper motor 6, photosensitive sensor and GPS timing module are all connected with single-chip microcomputer control circuit. The solar panel 7 is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with the vertical stepping motor 4, the horizontal stepping motor 6, the photosensitive sensor, the GPS timing module and the single-chip microcomputer control circuit respectively.

Use the GPS timing module to get the geographic location (latitude, longitude) and time information of the sun automatic tracking device, send it to the single-chip control circuit, calculate the altitude and azimuth of the sun, and then control the two stepping motors to move, and then realize the solar energy monitoring. Adjust the attitude of the electric board to achieve the purpose of tracking the sun.

The solar panel 7 absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy, which is stored in the storage battery for use by various components on the device, without the need for an external power source. As a collection tool for geographical and time signals, the GPS timing module is integrated on the single-chip control circuit to form the control center of the entire device. After the single-chip microcomputer makes a certain judgment and corresponding processing on the incoming signal, it controls the rotation of the stepping motor in the next link. Another display screen is arranged on the circuit board, which can be used to display relevant signals captured by GPS, including local longitude, latitude and current accurate time.

After the attitude adjustment of the solar panel is completed, according to the feedback signal obtained by the photoelectric sensor, it can be judged whether the adjusted panel meets the requirement of being perpendicular to the incident light. If it is not satisfied, the horizontal inclination and vertical inclination of the battery panel must be continuously changed until it reaches vertical; if it is satisfied, keep the adjusted posture and wait for the next adjustment time.

According to the law of the sun's movement, the altitude and azimuth angle of the sun at a certain moment can be calculated by the following formula:

sinα=sinδsinφ+cosδcosωcosφ,

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&gamma;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&omega;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

Among them, δ is the declination angle of the sun, φ is the geographic latitude of the location, and ω is the hour angle of the local time, which can be obtained through GPS. And α is the altitude angle of the sun, and γ is the azimuth angle.

From this, the horizontal rotation angle and vertical rotation angle of the device can be further deduced:

β=arcsin(sinδsinφ+cosφcosωcosφ),

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&rho;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; arcsin</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&omega;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&beta;</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

Among them, β and ρ are the horizontal rotation angle and the vertical rotation angle respectively.

After calculating β and ρ, the horizontal stepping motor and the vertical stepping motor can be controlled to rotate through the corresponding angles respectively, so that the solar panel reaches the position perpendicular to the sun's rays.

The structure of the photosensitive sensor is shown in Figure 3. The upper surface of a cube of photoelectric material is made into eight small triangles with the same area. Each triangle is arranged at the same inclination to form a slope. The triangle is inclined downward, and only four intersecting edges protrude from the surface of the entire optoelectronic material. Due to the different incident angles of the sun's rays, the triangular photosensitive materials with equal areas and inclination angles receive different amounts of solar energy at a certain moment, and the resulting potentials are also different. The cube shown in the figure has two diagonal faces, which respectively involve four triangular inclined faces, corresponding to the horizontal inclination angle and vertical inclination angle of the battery panel. The four triangles on a diagonal face can be divided into two pairs according to the direction of the inclined plane. By comparing whether the potentials formed by a certain pair of triangular slopes are the same, it can be judged whether the sun's rays are vertical in the direction corresponding to the diagonal surface. If equal, the sun's rays have no deviation in this direction.

The photosensitive sensor and the solar panel are arranged on the same plane, and the two rotate simultaneously. Therefore, after the comparison of the two pairs of potentials formed on the two diagonal surfaces of the photoelectric material, it can be judged whether the sun's rays are completely perpendicular to the photoelectric material at this moment, that is, there is no deviation in the horizontal and vertical directions, and further judgment can be made. Whether the battery board has been adjusted in place. The photosensitive sensor is used as a feedback element to measure whether the adjusted solar panel is completely perpendicular to the sun's rays to realize the closed-loop control of the system, which can eliminate the cumulative error and meet the high-precision requirements.

The program flow chart of the automatic sun tracking device based on GPS and photoelectric sensors is shown in Figure 4, which mainly includes the following parts:

(1) Receive the geographical and time signals transmitted by GPS and display them on the LCD screen.

(2) Calculate the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun at this moment, and further calculate the horizontal rotation angle and vertical rotation angle of the device.

(3) A certain pulse is output to control the two stepping motors to rotate respectively, and the attitude of the battery board is adjusted.

(4) Judgment and process the signal fed back by the photoelectric sensor. If there is an error, continue to adjust the inclination of the electric plate until the error is eliminated. Then wait for the next adjustment moment.

Claims (4)

1. The sun automatic tracking device based on GPS and photosensitive sensor, comprising solar power generation system, stepping drive mechanism, GPS timing module, photosensitive sensor and single-chip microcomputer control circuit, it is characterized in that, support (1) is made of a base plate and side plates on both sides Composed into a "concave" shape; the bottom plate of the bracket (1) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the vertical support shaft (2), and the lower end of the vertical support shaft (2) is connected with the vertical stepping motor (4) through a coupling (3) A horizontal connecting shaft (5) parallel to the base plate is set between two side plates of the support (1), and a horizontal stepping motor ( 6); a solar cell panel (7) is fixedly installed on the horizontal connecting shaft (5), and a photosensitive sensor is installed on the solar cell panel (7); the vertical stepper motor (4), the horizontal stepper motor (6) , the photosensitive sensor and the GPS timing module are all connected with the single-chip microcomputer control circuit. 2. the sun automatic tracking device based on GPS and photosensitive sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described solar cell panel (7) is connected with storage battery, and storage battery is connected with vertical stepper motor (4), horizontal stepping motor (4) respectively. The motor (6), the photosensitive sensor, and the GPS timing module are all connected with the single-chip microcomputer control circuit. 3. The automatic sun tracking device based on GPS and photosensitive sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the GPS timing module is integrated on the single-chip microcomputer control circuit, and the GPS timing module is equipped with a display screen. 4. The solar automatic tracking device based on GPS and photosensitive sensor according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive sensor is a cube structure, and its upper surface is divided into 8 identical equi-inclination triangular faces, and the middle 4 The triangle is inclined towards the center of the cube, and the four outer triangular faces are respectively inclined towards the four vertices of the lower bottom surface of the cube.

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