CN101678666A - 包覆由硬质泡沫材料制成的模制品两侧的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用塑料薄膜包覆由硬质泡沫材料制成的模制品的两侧的方法，其特征在于a)将所述模制品以一定间距比放置并固定于盒中薄膜之间，b)抽出该盒中的空气，以及c)维持薄膜间的真空从而将所述薄膜压制于所述模制品的相对表面。
Description
本发明涉及一种用塑料薄膜包覆硬质泡沫模制品两侧的方法，其中
a)将所述模制品以一定间距比放置并固定于盒中的薄膜之间，
b)抽出盒中的空气，以及
c)维持所述薄膜间的负压，从而将所述薄膜压制于所述模制品的相对表面。
现有技术迄今仅描述了泡沫模制品在制得后对其进行表面处理的单侧包覆方法(见EP 746 458和WO 95/23682)。如果想要进行多侧包覆，该方法将必须重复多次。此外，如EP 746 458中所述，待包覆的硬质泡沫必须能够使液体和空气自其中穿过，以便使该方法切实可行。硬质泡沫模制品的完整包覆通过文献中所公开的方法是很难达到的。
对泡沫模制品的形状、颜色和表面进行后续改变是很难的或者是不可能的。尤其是泡沫模制品的外观及特性，例如触感和耐候性，常常有待改善。
因此本发明的一个目的为开发一种可对泡沫模制品的表面进行简单的后续改变的方法。
出人意料地，现已发现本文开篇所提及的方法非常适合对硬质泡沫模制品进行后续表面改变。
一种用于包覆门的类似方法已知于WO 01/032400中。然而，WO01/032400并未揭示泡沫模制品是否可通过所述方法进行包覆以及如何进行包覆。
WO 01/032400中所述方法通过引用的方式明确地纳入本文。特别是明确引用WO 01/032400中的以下方法特征和装置特征，这些特征可单独使用或优选结合使用：
●红外线加热，通过其对塑料薄膜在压制前进行加热，优选至软化点以上。由此避免薄膜产生气泡、裂开或者薄膜在边缘处的应力致白；
●泡沫模制品和薄膜之间(腔室A)以及薄膜和盒壁之间(腔室B)分隔的腔室。有利地对腔室A和B同时或优选相继地抽真空。这可防止薄膜起皱或薄膜与泡沫模制品的过早接触。在维持腔室A中负压的同时，使腔室B由真空恢复至大气压，从而使薄膜被压制到泡沫模制品上；
●用薄膜对泡沫模制品的相对侧同时进行包覆——这可例如通过以下方式实现：将泡沫模制品放入由木材、金属或塑料制成的框中，并借助位于该框顶端的夹具将其固定于包覆腔室中央。将另一张薄膜置于该硬质泡沫模制品下方，从而在所述薄膜和底部盒壁之间形成第三腔室C。对所有三个腔室如上所述抽真空，在加热薄膜后通过打开腔室A和C而使该泡沫模制品的两侧被合适地包覆。
●用粘合剂涂敷塑料薄膜或优选地泡沫模制品，使得该薄膜可持久地粘附于该泡沫模制品。
在本发明的用塑料薄膜包覆硬质泡沫模制品两侧的方法中，
a)将所述模制品以一定间距比放置并固定于盒中薄膜之间，
b)抽出盒中的空气，以及
c)维持所述薄膜间的负压，从而将所述薄膜压制于所述模制品的相对表面。
出人意料地，本发明方法适于对硬质泡沫进行双侧或多侧包覆，而所述泡沫迄今为止仅能在多个步骤中用塑料薄膜进行包覆。用于本发明目的的硬质泡沫为符合DIN 7726(05/1982)的泡沫，其在压缩荷载下具有相对较高的抗变形性(根据DIN 53421，06/1984测得在变形10％时的压缩应力或压缩强度≥80kPa)。
为了避免包覆过程中所述泡沫模制品的变形，在整个过程中可将所述模制品固着于一个辅助框中。
作为粘合剂，优选使用基于聚氨酯的水性体系，单组分体系以及双组分体系皆可。
可用的单组分粘合剂为PU分散体，例如
150.50。可用的双组分粘合剂为PU分散体(例如
150.30)与异氰酸酯(例如
195.40)的结合物。但通常也可使用基于丙烯酸酯或环氧树脂的粘合剂。
粘合剂的施用可通过常规方法如涂布、辊涂或喷涂进行，特别优选喷涂法。施用粘合剂后室温下20分钟的干燥时间对于所述体系而言足以。
特别地，具有基于苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段聚合物弹性体的粘结剂的双层薄膜，例如WO-A 96/23823和WO-A 97/46608中所述的，适于通过本发明方法包覆硬质泡沫。当使用所述粘合薄膜时，通常可不再使用另外的粘合剂。优选使用包含一个支撑层(例如聚苯乙烯、HIPS、ASA、聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乙烯或聚酯)和一个含如上所述的诸如苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段聚合物的热塑性弹性体的粘合层的复合双层薄膜。
本发明所用的适于生产泡沫模制品的硬质泡沫为，例如聚氨酯类，如来自Elastogran的
或
以及来自BASF SE的EPS(膨胀聚苯乙烯)。特别优选EPS。这些泡沫通常为闭孔泡沫。
待包覆的硬质泡沫基材通常具有DIN A4大小至数平方米的大小。该硬质泡沫体的层厚度通常为50-2000mm。
闭孔聚氨酯或EPS泡沫具有极好的隔热性。低泡沫密度增强了该颇具吸引力的特性。
因此，出于节约能源的目的，所述闭孔EPS泡沫主要用于建筑和运输领域。
根据本发明进行包覆显著改善了所述硬质泡沫的负载能力和抗断裂性。这通过完全除去硬质泡沫和薄膜之间的空气而实现，其不能通过常规层压方法带来。此外，采用负压使薄膜压制到硬质泡沫上，从而在薄膜和硬质泡沫之间获得牢固的粘合，所述粘合可通过使用粘合剂增强。
该泡沫模制品对液体的吸收可通过用塑料薄膜包覆而基本上完全避免。
此外，该泡沫模制品的耐候性和触感可通过用塑料薄膜包覆得以显著改善。
最后，所述塑料薄膜可作为使诸如上色、印制例如广告标语等的后处理容易进行的底膜。
合适的塑料薄膜特别为聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚偏1，1-二氟乙烯、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。已发现，苯乙烯共聚物例如SAN、AMSAN，尤其是ASA，由于其具有耐候性而特别适合室外使用。对于例如ASA共聚物的情形，所述薄膜可用0.5-30重量％的热塑性弹性体改性。可用的典型热塑性弹性体类型为：TPE-O(基于烯烃的热塑性弹性体，主要是PP/EPDM)、TPE-V(基于烯烃的交联的热塑性弹性体，主要是PP/EPDM)、TPE-U(基于氨基甲酸酯的热塑性弹性体)、TPE-E(热塑性共聚酯)、TPE-S(苯乙烯嵌段共聚物，例如SBS、SEBS、SEPS、SEEPS、MBS)以及TPE-A(热塑性共聚酰胺，例如PEBA)。
所述薄膜可以多种单色使用或者以印制表面使用。此外，表面还可通过各种压花辊在薄膜挤出过程中进行构建。
随后可通过合适的后处理，如上色、印制或压花，对薄膜例如上述ASA薄膜的颜色和形状进行改变。经所述底膜包覆的泡沫的外观和形状可容易地进行后续改变。
所用薄膜的厚度为50至750μm，优选100至500μm，特别优选200至350μm。它们可由粒状的相应原料通过已知的生产薄膜的方法生产，优选生产挤塑薄膜的挤出方法。
为了改善粘合性能，可对所述薄膜的一侧或两侧进行电晕处理。
已发现ASA、聚苯乙烯和HIPS薄膜特别有利于包覆EPS泡沫(例如
)。适用于例如垫板的特别抗冲击和抗断裂的包覆的硬质泡沫可以此方式生产。此外，特别是WO-A 96/23823和WO-A97/46608中所述的复合双层薄膜可用于包覆EPS泡沫。该双层薄膜包含一个支撑层(例如ASA、聚苯乙烯或HIPS)和一个基于例如苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段聚合物弹性体(如(BASF SE))的粘合层。使用双层薄膜a)ASA支撑层(外层)如
S(BASF SE)和b)苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段聚合物弹性体如
的优点在于以此方式包覆的物体具有非常良好的耐候性。如上所述，在这些情况下通常可不再使用另外的粘合剂。将该复合薄膜压制于EPS上使得粘合层与EPS泡沫表面直接接触。
由于具有良好的隔热性，包覆的泡沫模制品可有利地用于建筑领域。
特别是，本发明的模制品可用作顶棚和墙壁的包覆层。
由于其重量轻并且表面改变简单，所述泡沫模制品还非常适合商业展台的构建。活动壁、房间隔断物、站台结构可非常简单地制成轻质结构。
由于其隔热性、吸引人的表面以及其高柔韧性，本发明的泡沫模制品非常适合例如电缆竖井、卷帘框和窗帘悬挂设施的层压结构。该模制品可通过例如切割、弯曲等迅速适应于特定需求。
所述泡沫通常非常适合生产例如座位和桌子。如上所述，合适的塑料薄膜如人造革可提供吸引人的外观。
但是也可用于包覆体育馆、车库和多层停车场的墙壁以及引导性屏障(guide barrier)。所述墙壁或引导性屏障可至少在车辆的高度进行合适地加强以避免例如在停车时对车辆的损坏。
用薄膜包覆的硬质泡沫可有利地用作垫板。与层压技术生产的垫板相比，本发明方法生产的垫板具有较高的负载能力。
EPS泡沫也用于包装或者用作器具的外包覆层。由于硬质泡沫具有良好的隔热性，特别是加热管和热水管、制冷设备、冰箱和冰柜可用本发明方法生产的包覆的硬质泡沫包覆。
用途实施例
实施例1
用ASA薄膜对Neopolen硬质泡沫的双侧包覆
使用由
(一种可由BASF SE商购获得的基于交联聚乙烯的泡沫)制成的硬质泡沫模制品作为进行双侧包覆的基材。该模制品长120cm，宽80cm，厚8cm。在第一步中，首先涂敷粘合剂。所用粘合剂为基于聚氨酯的双组分水性体系(由粘结剂和硬化剂组成)，其在即将施用前通过混合这两种单独组分生成。为了获得均匀混合物，将该混合物在室温下用精密玻璃搅拌器搅拌至少3分钟。随后将该粘合剂以约80g/m2的量借助于Walther Pilot喷枪喷涂于该模制品两个表面和4个边缘。接着使该模制品在室温干燥20分钟。接着将该硬质泡沫模制品通过夹具在两个顶端(相对表面)处固定并置于该包覆盒中央。将两张待施用的塑料薄膜分别放置于盒壁和模制品之间。这导致在包覆盒中形成了3个腔室：一个腔室位于两张塑料薄膜之间，所述硬质泡沫模制品置于其中部(腔室A)，其它两个腔室各自位于塑料薄膜和盒壁之间(腔室B、C)。使用由
S制得的250μm厚的白色挤塑薄膜作为塑料薄膜，
S为一种由BASFSE商购获得的ASA共聚物。随后对盒中所有三个单独的腔室(A、B、C)同时抽真空。达到25mbar的负压后，将两张塑料薄膜借助安装于盒壁处的IR辐射器加热到150℃的温度。达到该温度后，停止加热并利用空气使腔室B和C恢复至大气压，同时维持腔室A中的负压。腔室B和C的进气导致产生过压，该过压将加热的塑料薄膜压制于该模制品的已喷涂粘合剂的表面和边缘上。所述两张塑料薄膜沿侧面相邻并在此形成一个环绕整个模制品侧面的框状形式的连接。这样结束了该包覆过程。在该过程中通过IR辐射器加热还使该模制品顶面和侧面的粘合剂起作用，从而在该过程结束后立即达到了粘合剂和塑料薄膜之间的非常良好的粘合。在包覆过程结束后，将该包覆的模制品由盒中取出。突出连接处的其它薄膜使用锋利的刀片手工除去。
Claims (10)
1.一种用塑料薄膜包覆硬质泡沫模制品两侧的方法，其中
a)将所述模制品以一定间距比放置并固定于盒中薄膜之间，
b)抽出盒中的空气，以及
c)维持所述薄膜间30mbar以下的负压，从而将所述薄膜压制于所述模制品的相对表面。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述薄膜将所述盒分成三个腔室，其中一个腔室位于所述薄膜之间，并将其余两个腔室通风至大气压以使所述薄膜与所述模制品的相对表面接触。
3.权利要求1或2的方法，其中在步骤b)之前将粘合剂施用于所述模制品和/或所述塑料薄膜。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项的方法，其中所述硬质泡沫为EPS泡沫。
5.权利要求1至3中任一项的方法，其中所述硬质泡沫为硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项的方法，其中所述薄膜为可容易地进行后处理的底膜。
7.权利要求1至5中任一项的方法，其中所述薄膜包括聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚偏1，1-二氟乙烯、热塑性聚氨酯和/或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，并且其厚度为100至500μm。
8.权利要求7的方法，其中所述薄膜包括两层：a)一个含ASA、聚苯乙烯或高抗冲聚苯乙烯的支撑层以及b)一个含热塑性弹性体的粘合层。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项的方法，其中所述模制品为垫板。
10.权利要求1至8中任一项的方法，其中所述模制品为房屋的外包覆层。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07107734.1 | 2007-05-08 | ||
| EP07107734 | 2007-05-08 | ||
| PCT/EP2008/055489 WO2008135550A2 (de) | 2007-05-08 | 2008-05-05 | Verfahren zum beidseitigen beschichten eines hartschaumstoff-formteils |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101678666A true CN101678666A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
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| CN200880015102A Pending CN101678666A (zh) | 2007-05-08 | 2008-05-05 | 包覆由硬质泡沫材料制成的模制品两侧的方法 |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110120637A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2155489A2 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2010525972A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101678666A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2008135550A2 (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009077596A1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Basf Se | Verfahren zum beschichten eines transparenten formteils |
| WO2009077612A1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Basf Se | Verfahren zum beschichten eines faserzement- oder beton-formteils |
| WO2009077597A1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Basf Se | Verfahren zum beidseitigen beschichten eines holzwerkstoff- oder gipswerkstoff-formteils |
| DE102008022591B4 (de) * | 2008-05-07 | 2012-12-13 | Bruno Gruber | Verbundteil und Verbundstruktur |
| IN2013CN06932A (zh) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-08-07 | Basf Se | |
| US9126386B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-09-08 | Basf Se | Composite elements |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3725124A (en) * | 1968-10-01 | 1973-04-03 | Du Pont | Polymeric film coated with vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer adhesive |
| FR2247348B1 (zh) * | 1973-10-15 | 1977-05-27 | Saint Gobain | |
| DE2422616A1 (de) * | 1974-05-10 | 1975-12-11 | Metzeler Schaum Gmbh | Vakuumverfahren zur oberflaechenverguetung durch oberflaechenbeschichtung |
| US4068434A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1978-01-17 | Day Stephen W | Composite wall panel assembly and method of production |
| AUPN516795A0 (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1995-09-28 | Armacel Pty Limited | Layered structural article |
| DE19621688A1 (de) * | 1996-05-30 | 1997-12-04 | Basf Ag | Transparente, nicht-blockende Folie |
| ES2203527T3 (es) * | 1999-11-02 | 2004-04-16 | Richard Warrington George | Metodo y aparatos para termoformacion de hojas de plastico. |
| DE102004034175B3 (de) * | 2004-07-15 | 2005-09-08 | Webasto Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer gewölbten Scheibenanordnung für ein Fahrzeug |
-
2008
- 2008-05-05 US US12/599,117 patent/US20110120637A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-05 CN CN200880015102A patent/CN101678666A/zh active Pending
- 2008-05-05 EP EP08759417A patent/EP2155489A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-05-05 WO PCT/EP2008/055489 patent/WO2008135550A2/de active Application Filing
- 2008-05-05 JP JP2010506913A patent/JP2010525972A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2010525972A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
| WO2008135550A3 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
| US20110120637A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
| WO2008135550A2 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
| EP2155489A2 (de) | 2010-02-24 |
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