CN101669645A - 使用乳清蛋白/纤维组合物降低餐后血糖水平的方法 - Google Patents
使用乳清蛋白/纤维组合物降低餐后血糖水平的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种可以有效降低餐后血糖水平的方法。该方法包括在餐前或用餐时给予个体一定量的天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物,以有效降低餐后血糖水平和/或降低食物摄入量。
Description
[0001]本申请要求2008年8月29日提交的美国临时专利申请序号61/093,037的优先权,其通过引用而整体结合到本文中。
[0002]本发明涉及一种降低餐后血糖水平的方法。更特别是,本方法包括在餐前或用餐时给予个体一定量的天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物物,以有效降低餐后血糖水平。
背景技术
[0003]在全世界糖尿病和糖尿病前期具有显著性增长,其定义的特征是慢性高血糖。用餐后,这些患者和具有潜在糖尿病危险人员的血糖水平会超过“正常”水平,并且会维持高血糖水平较长时间。对于糖尿病,目前的解决方案是药物治疗和低“血糖”食物饮食的联合治疗方案,其中所述食物富含膳食纤维和低脂肪以及易消化的碳水化合物(即为:单糖和淀粉)。对于糖尿病前期和显示餐后高血糖具有患有糖尿病风险的人群,目前的解决方案是低血糖食物饮食。
发明概述
[0004]本发明提供一种在餐前特定时间窗或用餐时,通过给予特定量的天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物,用于控制餐后血糖水平的方法。在餐前的某些时候(即为:预服用乳清蛋白/粘性纤维)或用餐时服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物,可以显著降低餐后(用餐后)血糖水平和血液中的葡萄糖表观动力学。本方法可以有效的维持更加正常的血糖的动态平衡。
[0005]更特别的,提供一种用于降低餐后血糖水平的方法。本方法包括给予个体服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物。该混合物包含约2至约50克的天然乳清蛋白,另一方面包含约2至约25克天然乳清蛋白,另一方面包含约2至约10克天然乳清蛋白,另一方面包含约10至约25克天然乳清蛋白。该混合物中还包含约0.5至约20克的粘性纤维,另一方面包含约2至约20克粘性纤维,另一方面包含约0.5至约10克粘性纤维,另一方面包含约2至约10克粘性纤维。在这个方面,该混合物中包含的乳清蛋白与粘性纤维的比率为约0.5∶1至约12.5∶1。
[0006]在本发明中的一个重要方面,天然乳清的水解率约为2%或更低。可以使用的天然乳清蛋白包括甜乳清、乳清酸、单独的乳清蛋白以及它们的混合物。
[0007]可以使用的粘性纤维包括羟丙基甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、瓜尔豆胶、结冷胶、刺槐豆胶、魔芋粉、黄蓍胶、梧桐胶、阿拉伯树胶、壳聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖(arabinoglactin)、葡甘露聚糖、黄原胶、藻酸盐、果胶、低和高甲氧基果胶、β-葡聚糖、角叉菜胶、欧车前以及它们的混合物。给予个体的天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物,使得和天然乳清蛋白施用的粘性纤维的用量是20克或者更低。
[0008]在一方面,天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物在餐前至少约5至约90分钟服用,另一方面是餐前约20至约40分钟服用,优选餐前约30分钟服用。与没有在餐前服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维混合物的同样的个体相比较,本方法可以有效将餐后血糖水平降低至少约5%。
[0009]在另一方面,提供了一种用于降低餐后血糖水平的方法,其包含给予个体可食用的组合物,该可食用组合物包括乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物。该可食用的组合物还可能包括饮料,营养补充剂,食品组合物,食物替代品,以及它们的混合物。在这一方面,包含2-50克的天然乳清蛋白和0.5-20克的粘性纤维的食品组合物可在餐前至少约5至约90分钟使用或者在用餐时使用。与没有在餐前或用餐时服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维混合物的同样的个体相比较,本方法有效将餐后血糖水平降低至少约5%。
附图的简要说明
[0010]图1描述了食用含有蛋白质和粘性纤维组合物的饮料后的餐后血糖iAUC(0-120分钟)。
[0011]图2描述了食用含有蛋白质和粘性纤维组合物的饮料后的餐后血中胰岛素iAUC(0-120分钟)。
[0012]图3描述了食用含有蛋白质和粘性纤维组合物的饮料后的餐后血糖指数。
详细描述
[0013]提供了一种可以有效的降低餐后血糖水平的方法。因此,该方法也许可以促进饱腹感,可能导致体重降低和降低血糖水平。根据本方法,天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物可以直接或者作为可食用的组合物的部分向个体施用。与没有服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物的同样的个体相比较,服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物可以有效将餐后血糖水平降低至少约5%,优选为至少约10%,更优选为至少约20%。在另一方面,与没有服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物的同样的个体相比较,该方法可以有效将热量摄入减少至少约5%,优选为至少约10%,更优选为至少约20%。
天然乳清蛋白
[0014]可以使用的天然乳清蛋白包括甜乳清,乳清酸,单独的乳清蛋白(即为,α-乳白蛋白,β-乳球蛋白,白蛋白,免疫球蛋白,衍生自酪蛋白的糖巨肽,乳铁蛋白),以及它们的混合物。适合的商业来源的天然乳清蛋白也可使用。一个适合的商业来源的乳清蛋白的例子包括Alacen 392乳清蛋白浓缩物(Fonterra),该乳清蛋白浓缩物通过超滤过程由新鲜甜奶酪乳清制造。
[0015]可使用的天然乳清蛋白具有非常低的水解率。本发明中所使用的“天然乳清蛋白”是指水解程度低于约2%的乳清蛋白,另一方面是指水解程度低于约1%的乳清蛋白,另一方面是指水解程度低于约0.4%的乳清蛋白(如OPAmethodology,Lee et al.Int.J.Biochem.1978;9(7):457-467所测定,纳入本申请作为参考)。天然乳清蛋白可包括乳清蛋白浓缩物,乳清分离蛋白,乳清蛋白水解产物。
粘性纤维
[0016]本发明中所述的“粘性纤维”是指Dikeman CL,FaheyGC.Viscosity asrelated to dietary fiber:a review.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.2006;46(8):649-63中以“粘性纤维”和“粘性多糖”定义的膳食粘性纤维,。,将其纳入本申请作为参考。根据本领域任意已知的制备口服膳食粘性纤维组合物的方法,膳食粘性纤维被制备成适于口服的形式。可使用的膳食粘性纤维的例子包括羟丙基甲基纤维素,阿拉伯胶,羧甲基纤维素钠,甲基纤维素,瓜尔豆胶,结冷胶,刺槐豆胶,魔芋粉,黄蓍胶,梧桐胶,阿拉伯树胶,壳聚糖,阿拉伯半乳聚糖,葡甘露聚糖,黄原胶,藻酸盐,果胶,低和高甲氧基果胶,β-葡聚糖,角叉菜胶,欧车前。大量的商业来源的可溶性膳食粘性纤维都是本领域技术人员容易获得的或已知的。例如:可以从TIC Gums,Ins.of Belcamp,Md.公司获得阿拉伯胶,水解羧甲基纤维素,瓜尔豆胶,黄原胶,海藻,果胶,低和高甲氧基果胶。燕麦和大麦的葡聚糖可以从Mountain Lake Specialty Ingredients,Inc.of Omaha,Nebr获得。欧车前可以从the Meer Corporation of North Bergen,N.J.获得,角叉菜胶和魔芋粉可以从FMC Corporation of Philadelphia,Pa获得。
可食用的组合物
[0017]可食用的组合物可以是营养补充剂(比如:片剂,粉剂,胶囊或液体产品),食物组合物(产品),饮料,或食物替代品。
[0018]本发明所述的营养补充剂是指至少能提供一种组合物或补充物,其提供至少一种有益物质,比如:维生素,矿物质,微量元素,植物化学物质,其用于补充通过正常饮食摄入的此类物质的量。这些组合物或补充剂通常不包含大量的卡路里,蛋白质,碳水化合物或脂肪。它们不是作为食品使用,而是作为对日常饮食的补充。
[0019]食物组合物可以是被制成包括天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物的任意食品。食物组合物可包括乳制品(比如包括硬的和新鲜的奶酪和酸奶的奶制品),大豆制品,面包和谷类制品(包括意大利面食和谷物条),蛋糕,饼干,软饼,涂味品,水包油乳液(比如:酱,番茄酱和蛋黄酱),冰激凌,甜品,汤,汤精粉,调味酱,浓缩粉酱,健康食物棒(health bars),糖果,零食,即食食品,预包装食品,脱水食品等等。
[0020]饮料可以是被制成包括天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物的任意饮料。饮料可包括水,果汁,低热量的果味饮料,(比如:酷爱(Kool-Aid)饮料,Crystal Light饮料,粉末状和即食软饮料,运动饮料),咖啡,茶,沙冰,乳品饮料,碳酸饮料,以及它们的混合物。
[0021]本发明所述的食品替代品是指可以替代一餐或几餐日常膳食的产品,用于控制卡路里的含量和通常作为独立的产品食用。但是,一些该类产品可以一起服用。食品替代品和作为代餐计划一部分的产品的实例包括:(即食饮用)液体产品,比如牛奶,大豆饮品,用于制作这些饮料的可溶性粉末及其所制作的饮料,块状产品,汤类,谷物或面条或以面食为基础的产品,甜点比如:米饭布丁,奶油蛋羹等和粥等。消费者通常在控制热量的饮食中使用食品替代品,或通常使用食品替代品以期控制他们的体重。
[0022]可食用的组合物例如:固体产品,粉末状产品,片剂,胶囊,液体,流体,用匙舀起的产品,易流动的或容易被涂开产品,或块状产品等。可食用的组合物可以是与诸如水和牛奶等液体混合的粉末,用于生产作为例如食品替代品或作为代餐计划一部分的产品的液体或浆状产品。
[0023]在另一方面,与天然乳清蛋白施用的粘性纤维总量是20克或者更低。施用的粘性纤维总量按照可食用组合物的a%,将低于约50%,在另一方面低于约20%,在另一方面低于约2%。
实施例1:包含蛋白质和粘性纤维的饮料配方
[0024]基于口味和功能选定饮料的配方(表1)。一种用洁净的调味器预先调制好的乳清蛋白浓缩物80%(WPC)与粘性纤维羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)按照显示的比例相混合。Crystal LightTM饮料混合物作为饮料的基质,用于调味和着色。由于功能性组分消泡剂的添加,功能性组分能均匀的分布在液相中。产品干燥混合以实现各组分的均匀分布。产品在施用前进行分析测试,以保证同质性。
表1:饮料配方(以给予个体的量表示)
1WPC:乳清蛋白浓缩物80%
2HPMC:羟丙基甲基纤维素
实施例2:含有蛋白质和粘性纤维的配方饮料对人体血糖和胰岛素影响的
人体研究实验结果
[0025]在人类个体中采用随机对照交叉研究,用于判断乳清蛋白和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HMPC)粘性纤维相组合时,是否可以增强降血糖作用。所有的测试者均服用包括水的液体制剂(总量400ml),用于调色和调味的非营养甜味剂使饮料混合物变甜,甜乳清蛋白的量如下所示(实施例1)。如下所示,在标准餐前预服用(30分钟之前)或者在标准餐时给药治疗。
治疗
组别 治疗
1 预服用含5克乳清蛋白的测试饮料
2 预服用含5克乳清蛋白+2克HPMC粘性纤维的测试饮料
3 预服用安慰剂饮料(含饮料混合物)(对照)
4 在进餐时给药含5克乳清蛋白的测试饮料
5 在进餐时给药含5克乳清蛋白+2克HPMC粘性纤维的测试饮料
6 在进餐时给药安慰剂饮料(含饮料混合物)(对照)
治疗个体包括21名男性和女性,年龄在21-51岁之间,BMI在25.0-30.0之间。
[0026]治疗个体在空腹过夜后随机接受治疗。个体允许在5分钟之内服用完各自所指定的待测试饮料。在服用所测试的饮料之前和30分钟之后,通过指尖采血立即测量血糖和胰岛素的浓度。个体在10分钟之内进食完能提供50克可利用碳水化合物的标准餐。在吃第一口标准餐时开始计时,在开始进食后的第15,30,45,60,90和120分钟时通过指尖采血采集血液样本。所有治疗对食物摄取量和血糖、胰岛素的的影响如图1和2所示。
实施例3:包含蛋白质和粘性纤维的面包配方
[0027]基于口味和功能选定面包的组分(表1)。一种用洁净的调味器预先调制好的乳清蛋白浓缩物80%(WPC)与粘性纤维羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)按照显示的比例相结合。功能成分被添加到改良的面包面团配方中,以调节所示成分的附加功能。配方的改变适于采用常规的制造方法,得到与对照品相类似的烘焙产品。
表2:面包面团配方(以一批2公斤表示)
1乳清蛋白浓缩物80%
2羟丙基甲基纤维素
实施例4:用蛋白质和粘性纤维配方的面包的血糖指数测试
[0028]在人类个体中进行血糖指数测试,用于判断在配制的食品中当乳清蛋白和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HMPC)粘性纤维相结合时,是否可以增强降血糖作用。所有的治疗均使用烘焙的面包,该面包含有一定数量的如下所示(实施例3)的甜乳清蛋白和粘性纤维。
治疗
组别 治疗
1 对照组面包
2 含有5克乳清蛋白+2克HPMC粘性纤维的测试面包
治疗个体包括10名男性和女性,年龄在46-59岁之间,BMI在22-41之间。
[0029]食品的血糖指数通过标准方法测定,表示为相对于葡萄糖。个体在空腹过夜后随机接受治疗。个体允许在10分钟之内服用完各自所指定的待测试食品,该食品能提供25克可利用碳水化合物(59.9克对照组面包,67.3克测试组面包)。在吃第一口食物时开始计时,在开始进食后的第15,30,45,60,90和120分钟时通过指尖采血采集血液样本。一种标准化的白面包被用于作为参考食物(GI=71),测试对照和测试食品的实验结果表示为相对于葡萄糖。治疗对血糖指数的影响如图3所示。
Claims (22)
1.一种降低餐后血糖水平的方法,所述方法包括:在餐前至少5至90分钟,给予个体2至50克天然乳清蛋白和0.5至20克粘性纤维的混合物,与在餐前不服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物的相同个体相比,该方法有效降低餐后血糖水平至少约5%。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白的水解率为2%或更低。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白选自甜乳清、乳清酸清、单独的乳清蛋白、天然乳清蛋白的水解产物以及它们的混合物。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中粘性纤维选自羟丙基甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、瓜尔豆胶、结冷胶、刺槐豆胶、魔芋粉、黄蓍胶、梧桐胶、阿拉伯树胶、壳聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、葡甘露聚糖、黄原胶、藻酸盐、果胶、低和高甲氧基果胶、β-葡聚糖、角叉菜胶、欧车前以及它们的混合物。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物的给药剂量是每位个体2至25克天然乳清蛋白和每位个体0.5至20克粘性纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物在餐前约20至约40分钟服用。
7.一种降低餐后血糖水平和/或食物摄入量的方法,所述方法包括:在餐前至少5至90分钟,给予个体包括2至50克天然乳清蛋白和0.5-20克粘性纤维混合物的可食用的组合物,与在餐前不服用天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维混合物的个体相比,该方法有效降低餐后血糖水平至少约5%。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中包括天然乳清蛋白的可食用的组合物选自饮料、营养补充剂、食物组合物、食物替代品以及它们的混合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中饮料选自水、果汁、低热量的果味饮料、咖啡、茶、沙冰、乳品饮料、碳酸饮料以及它们的混合物。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中营养补充剂选自维生素、矿物质、微量元素、植物化学物质以及它们的混合物。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中食物组合物选自乳制品、大豆制品、面包和谷类制品、蛋糕、饼干、软饼、涂味品、水包油乳液、冰激凌、甜品、汤、汤精粉、调味酱、浓缩粉酱、健康食物棒、糖果、零食、即食食品、预包装食品、脱水食品以及它们的混合物。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白选自甜乳清、乳清酸、单独的乳清蛋白、天然乳清蛋白的水解产物以及它们的混合物。
13.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中粘性纤维选自羟丙基甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、瓜尔豆胶、结冷胶、刺槐豆胶、魔芋粉、黄蓍胶、梧桐胶、阿拉伯树胶、壳聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、葡甘露聚糖、黄原胶、藻酸盐、果胶、低和高甲氧基果胶、β-葡聚糖、角叉菜胶、欧车前以及它们的混合物。
14.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的混合物的给药剂量是每位个体2至25克天然乳清蛋白和每位个体0.5至20克粘性纤维。
15.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中可食用的组合物在餐前约20至约40分钟服用。
16.一种降低餐后血糖水平的方法,所述方法包括:给予个体包括2至50克天然乳清蛋白和0.5至20克粘性纤维的可食用的组合物,与不服用包括天然乳清蛋白和粘性纤维的食物组合物的个体相比,该方法有效降低餐后血糖水平至少约5%。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中包括天然乳清蛋白的可食用的组合物选自饮料、营养补充剂、食物组合物、食物替代品以及它们的混合物。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中饮料选自水、果汁、低热量的果味饮料、咖啡、茶、沙冰、乳品饮料、碳酸饮料以及它们的混合物。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中营养补充剂选自维生素、矿物质、微量元素、植物化学物质以及它们的混合物。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中食物组合物选自乳制品、大豆制品、面包和谷类制品、蛋糕、饼干、软饼、涂味品、水包油乳液、冰激凌,甜品、汤、汤精粉、调味酱、浓缩粉酱、健康食物棒、糖果、零食、即食食品、预包装食品、脱水食品以及它们的混合物。
21.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白选自甜乳清、乳清酸、单独的乳清蛋白、天然乳清蛋白的水解产物以及它们的混合物。
22.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中天然乳清蛋白的给药剂量是每位个体2至25克,粘性纤维的给药剂量是每位个体0.5至20克。
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CN106028841A (zh) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-10-12 | 奥姆尼布兰德创新有限公司 | 控制餐后葡萄糖的组合物和方法 |
CN106307085A (zh) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-01-11 | 桂林澳妍科技有限公司 | 一种降血糖食品组合物 |
CN107279454A (zh) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-24 | 上海交通大学 | 一种新的粘性食品组合物及其制备方法 |
CN113368130A (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种纤维状载铁复合物及其制备方法 |
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AR073235A1 (es) | 2010-10-20 |
EP2158918A1 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
US20100056449A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
EP2158919A1 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
AR073234A1 (es) | 2010-10-20 |
US20100056450A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
MX2009009264A (es) | 2011-08-10 |
CA2676955A1 (en) | 2010-02-28 |
MX2009009211A (es) | 2010-03-25 |
CN101816778A (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
BRPI0903042A2 (pt) | 2010-06-22 |
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BRPI0902783A2 (pt) | 2010-05-25 |
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