CN101657608A - 冲动式涡轮机 - Google Patents

冲动式涡轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101657608A
CN101657608A CN200880012399A CN200880012399A CN101657608A CN 101657608 A CN101657608 A CN 101657608A CN 200880012399 A CN200880012399 A CN 200880012399A CN 200880012399 A CN200880012399 A CN 200880012399A CN 101657608 A CN101657608 A CN 101657608A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
turbine
guide vane
brush seal
tangential turbine
rotor
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Pending
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CN200880012399A
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English (en)
Inventor
G·普费弗
A·雷根斯伯格
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of CN101657608A publication Critical patent/CN101657608A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
    • F16J15/3288—Filamentary structures, e.g. brush seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/10—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines having two or more stages subjected to working-fluid flow without essential intermediate pressure change, i.e. with velocity stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/001—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/002—Sealings comprising at least two sealings in succession
    • F16J15/006—Sealings comprising at least two sealings in succession with division of the pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/55—Seals
    • F05D2240/56—Brush seals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种冲动式涡轮机。为了将泄漏损失降低到最低限度并且同时显著降低导向底座(5)和导向叶片(3)之间的叶轮摩擦，在导向叶片(3)的自由端部上设置了刷式密封件(11)，所述刷式密封件关于径向线沿转子的旋转方向与径向线形成锐角。

Description

冲动式涡轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冲动式涡轮机。
背景技术
冲动式涡轮机的原理相对于反作用式涡轮机的反作用原理具有效率优点。然而，冲动式涡轮机的热力学以及流体技术需要比反作用式涡轮机更大的轴直径。在旋转的转子和静止的壳体之间，为了密封蒸汽通道在导向叶片和转子叶片上装入迷宫式密封件。密封件的径向缝隙在冲动式涡轮机和反作用式涡轮机中几乎是相等的。通过转子在轴承中的运动以及轴震动确定所述密封件的最小径向缝隙。该缝隙必须大于最大的转子运动，从而避免接触并且由此避免损坏。
然而，通过较大的轴直径会给冲动式涡轮机产生更大的环形缝隙面积并且由此产生更大的泄漏流。
为了将该损失降低到最低限度，在导向叶片的范围内降低转子的直径并且在固定的导向叶片上分别设置导向底座，该导向底座的外表面根据所要求的径向缝隙以确定的间距与转子对置。以该方式显著降低所述缝隙的周长并且由此显著减少缝隙面积。所述转子叶片在轴上形成的盘状的支座称为“轮盘”。然而在导向底座和轮盘之间现在出现的叶轮摩擦损失产生不利的影响。通过大的泄漏损失或者导向底座和导向叶片之间的叶轮摩擦，完全消除了冲动式涡轮机相对于反作用式涡轮机的效率优点。
此外，该构造带来了在导向底座的强度方面的显著的问题，并且随着结构的耗费带来了显著的额外成本费用。
发明内容
本发明的任务是说明一种冲动式涡轮机，在该冲动式涡轮机中将泄漏损失降低到最低限度，并且同时显著减少导向底座和导向叶片之间的叶轮摩擦。
该任务按本发明通过以下方法得到解决，即在按本发明的冲动式涡轮机中，在导向叶片的自由端部上设置刷式密封件，刷式密封件关于径向线沿转子轴的旋转方向与径向线形成锐角。
相对于由刚性的板材制成的迷宫式密封件，刷子包括大量细小的丝线。在存在压差时，所述丝线牢固地相互靠着并且形成密封的不可渗透蒸汽的连接。如在迷宫式板材中一样，只能通过转子和密封件之间的径向缝隙形成泄漏流。通过所述丝线的斜向于径向的安装，允许所述密封件的接触。如果通过径向的转子运动导致密封件的接触，那么刷子丝线由于倾斜位置而偏移。在接触之后，所述丝线震动返回到其原始位置中。通过接触不会出现损坏。因此，最小的径向缝隙由于转子运动可以降低到最大的缝隙以下。
通过刷式密封件的小的径向缝隙可以显著减少由导向底座流引起的大的泄漏损失。可以取消具有导向底座和轮盘的构造。导向叶片和转子叶片的构造与成本便宜的反作用式涡轮机的构造一样。
按本发明的冲动式涡轮机的有利的改进方案的特征在于，沿流动方向不仅在前面而且在后面在导向叶片的自由端部上设置了刷式密封件。由此进一步降低存在的泄漏流。
另一有利的改进方案的特征在于，在刷式密封件之间布置了挡板。借助于挡板可以进一步减少泄漏流。
附图说明
下面借助于附图对按本发明的冲动式涡轮机的实施例进行详细描述。
其中：
图1是常规的冲动式涡轮机的部分剖面图，以及
图2是按本发明的冲动式涡轮机的部分剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了壳体1的具有固定在其上的导向叶片3的部分。转子叶片4固定在转子轴2上并且相对于壳体1进行密封。
在每个导向叶片3的自由端部上设置所谓的导向底座5，该导向底座嵌入转子轴2中的凹处中。在导向底座5的自由端部和转子轴2之间设置了迷宫式密封件6。
从该图中可以很好地看出，在导向底座5和轮盘之间额外地产生叶轮摩擦损失。
图2示出了按本发明的冲动式涡轮机的部分剖面图。在壳体7上安置了导向叶片9。转子叶片10牢固地与转子轴8连接。
在按本发明的冲动式涡轮机中，所述轴在导向叶片区域中的厚度没有减少。在转子轴8和导向叶片9的自由端部之间设置了两个刷式密封件11。
如开头已经提到的一样，所述刷子包括大量细小的丝线。在存在压差时，所述丝线牢固地相互靠着并且形成密封的不可渗透蒸汽的连接。通过所述丝线的斜向于径向的安装，允许所述密封件的接触。通过所述刷式密封件的小的径向缝隙，可以显著减少大的泄漏损失，该小的径向缝隙相对于迷宫式密封件中的3/10的径向缝隙来说通常是5/100到7/100。
通过将挡板12安装在两个刷式密封件之间，进一步减少泄漏损失。

Claims (3)

1.冲动式涡轮机，其特征在于，在导向叶片(9)的自由端部上设置刷式密封件(11)，所述刷式密封件关于径向线沿转子轴的旋转方向与径向线形成锐角。
2.按权利要求1所述的冲动式涡轮机，其特征在于，沿流动方向不仅前面而且在后面在导向叶片(9)的自由端部上设置了刷式密封件。
3.按权利要求2所述的冲动式涡轮机，其特征在于，在刷式密封件之间布置挡板(12)。
CN200880012399A 2007-04-17 2008-04-15 冲动式涡轮机 Pending CN101657608A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007018063.4 2007-04-17
DE102007018063A DE102007018063B4 (de) 2007-04-17 2007-04-17 Gleichdruckturbine

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN101657608A true CN101657608A (zh) 2010-02-24

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CN200880012399A Pending CN101657608A (zh) 2007-04-17 2008-04-15 冲动式涡轮机

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US (1) US20100129206A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2134926A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2010523902A (zh)
CN (1) CN101657608A (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0810372A2 (zh)
DE (1) DE102007018063B4 (zh)
WO (1) WO2008125677A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103307010A (zh) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-18 通用电气公司 原位燃气涡轮机转子叶片和壳体间隙控制的方法和系统
CN109441568A (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-03-08 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种高效率的低压隔板套装置及其装配方法

Families Citing this family (2)

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DE102008060706A1 (de) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-10 Man Turbo Ag Düsensegment für eine Dampfturbine
WO2016124262A1 (de) * 2015-02-04 2016-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bürstendichtungsanordnung

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US6131910A (en) 1992-11-19 2000-10-17 General Electric Co. Brush seals and combined labyrinth and brush seals for rotary machines
DE4446361A1 (de) * 1994-12-23 1996-06-27 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Bürstendichtung für Turbomaschine
US6318728B1 (en) 1997-07-11 2001-11-20 Demag Delaval Turbomachinery Corporation Brush-seal designs for elastic fluid turbines
US7032903B1 (en) * 1999-04-06 2006-04-25 Turbocare, Inc. Brush-seal designs for turbines and similar rotary apparatus
US6435514B1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-08-20 General Electric Company Brush seal with positive adjustable clearance control
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GB0319002D0 (en) * 2003-05-13 2003-09-17 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Improvements in or relating to steam turbines
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GB0416931D0 (en) * 2004-07-29 2004-09-01 Alstom Technology Ltd Axial flow steam turbine assembly
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EP1734230A1 (de) 2005-06-13 2006-12-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermische Strömungsmaschine
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103307010A (zh) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-18 通用电气公司 原位燃气涡轮机转子叶片和壳体间隙控制的方法和系统
CN109441568A (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-03-08 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种高效率的低压隔板套装置及其装配方法
CN109441568B (zh) * 2018-11-16 2024-04-19 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种高效率的低压隔板套装置及其装配方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0810372A2 (pt) 2014-10-29
WO2008125677A1 (de) 2008-10-23
DE102007018063B4 (de) 2012-02-09
DE102007018063A1 (de) 2008-10-23
US20100129206A1 (en) 2010-05-27
JP2010523902A (ja) 2010-07-15
EP2134926A1 (de) 2009-12-23

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Application publication date: 20100224