CN101548096B - 水轮机中转子和壳体之间的密封装置 - Google Patents

水轮机中转子和壳体之间的密封装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101548096B
CN101548096B CN200780025259XA CN200780025259A CN101548096B CN 101548096 B CN101548096 B CN 101548096B CN 200780025259X A CN200780025259X A CN 200780025259XA CN 200780025259 A CN200780025259 A CN 200780025259A CN 101548096 B CN101548096 B CN 101548096B
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Prior art keywords
rotor
brush
brush seal
water turbine
seal
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN101548096A (zh
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阿兰·德默斯
安德斯·韦德马克
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Andritz Technology and Asset Management GmbH
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Andritz Technology and Asset Management GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/006—Sealing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
    • F16J15/3288—Filamentary structures, e.g. brush seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3436—Pressing means
    • F16J15/3456—Pressing means without external means for pressing the ring against the face, e.g. slip-ring with a resilient lip
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/57—Seals
    • F05B2240/571—Brush seals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

一种反作用式水轮机，例如混流式或轴流式水轮机，包括转子(2)和周围的壳体(5)，密封装置(10，20)在所述转子和所述壳体之间。所述密封装置包括刷式密封件(11，12，13a，b)，设置在距离所述垂直旋转轴(1)的径向距离为所述转子(2)的最大径向尺寸处。

Description

水轮机中转子和壳体之间的密封装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种反作用式水轮机，例如混流式或轴流式涡轮机，包括转子和周围的壳体，密封装置在所述转子和所述壳体之间。
背景技术
在该类型涡轮机中，存在的问题在于大部分的损失与密封泄露相关。当今通常使用简单的迷宫式密封，但是其需要大的间隙，并且因此具有大的损失。在该方面应考虑涉及到的结构的尺寸；传统的轴密封件不是本文所关注的。
美国专利4,464,580(Miller)为传统的水轮机的示例，在对应于本发明所关注的位置处，即在距离转子轴适当的径向距离处设置有密封件。这些已知的密封件为唇式密封件。
美国专利4,293,777(Gamell)涉及一种非常特殊的涡轮机类型(“阻力涡轮机”)，设置有刷式密封件，这些是以低水头压力为条件的一种轴密封件。
美国专利6,406,027(通用电气公司)描述了旋转机械，重点在于蒸汽和燃气轮机中的刷式密封件，其中，重点是密封件的特定设计和结构。考虑了主要的轴密封件。
美国专利6,913,265(Datta)也涉及这样的刷式密封件的设计。
从上述显而易见的是，刷式密封件为已知，特别是用于燃气轮机等中。
发明内容
关于该背景技术，本发明的重要目的是提供一种水轮机密封系统，出于上述讨论的目的，其使得比目前的迷宫式和其他传统密封件小得多的间隙成为可能，以使得在高水头混流式涡轮机等中的效率提高。
这根据本发明通过在水轮机中提供如上述第一自然段说明的密封部件实现，所述水轮机具有垂直旋转轴，所述密封部件包括设置在距离垂直旋转轴的径向距离为转子最大径向尺寸处的刷式密封件。因而，出人意外地发现，刷式密封件对于在这里关注的水轮机类型中的转子和壳体之间的间隙非常有用。
通过根据本发明的技术方案获得的优点是：
较小的间隙
显著减少的泄露
密封对可能出现的震动不敏感
在新涡轮机装置和现有装置中的改进的密封件中都可提高效率。
附图说明
下面的描述中将参照附图更详细地说明根据本发明的涡轮机设计的示例，其中
图1是显示了混流式水轮机的主要部件的轴向剖视图，和
图1a是图1部分构件的放大图。
具体实施方式
与传统的一样，示出的涡轮机包括具有旋转轴1的转子2，该轴在该示例中为垂直方向，即垂直旋转轴1。壳体结构5围绕转子，并且包括导向叶片管道5，所述导向叶片管道5用于将水朝向转子2引导。应尽可能防止该水在转子的壳体部件和紧密相邻部分之间的间隙中泄露。出于该目的，提供如在10和20处标示的密封。
密封件10在图1a中更详细地显示。密封件20具有相应的设计。因而，在图1a中，转子2和壳体5的相邻部分制成可容纳刷式密封件形式的密封件10的形状，所述密封件10的主要部件为实质上刷或鬃毛组件11。其安装在夹部件13a和13b之间，以使突出的鬃毛端部紧靠在转子2圆周处径向向外的外端面12。有利地，刷或鬃毛通常关于外端面12形成直角，如图1和1a中的轴向横截面中所示。但是，在圆周方向，鬃毛将对应于旋转方向关于外端面12倾斜取向。另外，朝向紧靠外端面12被应用的端部将通常表现为有些弯曲。
应注意刷式密封件10和20的位置，因为根据本发明，特别是通过具有垂直旋转轴的涡轮机，密封件10和20都具有距离垂直旋转轴1约相同径向距离处的位置。但是在这方面，关于上密封件10和下密封件20的径向位置的改进可根据相关的涡轮机设计进行变化。虽然在很多设计中优选在距离轴约相同和/或最大径向距离处的密封件位置，但是其他选择也是可能的。重要的是，密封件距离轴的径向距离为转子的最大径向尺寸处。这表明本发明所关注的与传统的轴密封无关。

Claims (4)

1.一种混流式或轴流式的反作用式水轮机，包括转子(2)和周围的壳体(5)，密封装置(10，20)在所述转子和所述壳体之间，其特征在于，所述密封装置包括刷式密封件(11，12，13a，b)，所述刷式密封件包括刷或鬃毛组件(11)、夹部件(13a，13b)，所述水轮机具有垂直旋转轴(1)，所述刷式密封件设置在距离所述垂直旋转轴(1)的径向距离为所述转子(2)的最大径向尺寸处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述刷式密封件(10)的刷或鬃毛组件的端部紧靠在所述转子(2)圆周处径向向外的外端面(12)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述刷式密封件(10)的刷或鬃毛组件(11)关于所述外端面(12)以直角取向，并且在圆周方向，所述刷或鬃毛组件将对应于旋转方向关于所述外端面(12)倾斜取向。
4.根据权利要求1，2或3所述的水轮机，其特征在于，所述刷式密封件包括上部刷式密封件(10)和下部刷式密封件(20)，所述上部刷式密封件(10)和下部刷式密封件(20)距离所述垂直旋转轴(1)处于约相同的径向距离处。
CN200780025259XA 2006-07-04 2007-06-25 水轮机中转子和壳体之间的密封装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101548096B (zh)

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NO20063088 2006-07-04
NO20063088A NO325031B1 (no) 2006-07-04 2006-07-04 Vannturbin
PCT/NO2007/000230 WO2008004877A1 (en) 2006-07-04 2007-06-25 Sealing means between rotor and housing in a water turbine

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EP (1) EP2035692A4 (zh)
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BR (1) BRPI0714198A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2655939A1 (zh)
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NO325031B1 (no) 2008-01-21
US20100092279A1 (en) 2010-04-15
WO2008004877A1 (en) 2008-01-10
EP2035692A4 (en) 2013-03-06
EP2035692A1 (en) 2009-03-18
BRPI0714198A2 (pt) 2012-12-25
CA2655939A1 (en) 2008-01-10
NO20063088L (no) 2008-01-07
CN101548096A (zh) 2009-09-30

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