CN101652214A - 切削刀片、切削刀具及加工方法 - Google Patents

切削刀片、切削刀具及加工方法 Download PDF

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CN101652214A
CN101652214A CN200880011050.2A CN200880011050A CN101652214A CN 101652214 A CN101652214 A CN 101652214A CN 200880011050 A CN200880011050 A CN 200880011050A CN 101652214 A CN101652214 A CN 101652214A
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recessed surfaces
cutting tip
type surface
cutting
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CN101652214B (zh
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阿兰·杜兰德
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Seco Tools AB
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Seco Tools AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
    • B23D77/04—Reamers with inserted cutting edges with cutting edges adjustable to different diameters along the whole cutting length
    • B23D77/044—Reamers with inserted cutting edges with cutting edges adjustable to different diameters along the whole cutting length by means of screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2204—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23C5/2226—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts fitted on an intermediate carrier, e.g. shank fixed in the cutter body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1685—Adjustable position of the cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/0006—Drills with cutting inserts
    • B23B51/0007—Drills with cutting inserts with exchangeable cutting insert
    • B23B51/0008—Drills with cutting inserts with exchangeable cutting insert with indexable or reversible cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/08—Disc-type cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2298—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts secured by resilient/flexible means
    • B23C5/2306—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts secured by resilient/flexible means for plate-like cutting inserts fitted on an intermediate carrier, e.g. shank fixed in the cutter body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B23C5/2462—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable the adjusting means being oblique surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B23C5/2472—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable the adjusting means being screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/003—Reaming tools with means for preventing chatter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/006—Reaming tools with means for lubricating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
    • B23D77/04—Reamers with inserted cutting edges with cutting edges adjustable to different diameters along the whole cutting length
    • B23D77/042—Reamers with inserted cutting edges with cutting edges adjustable to different diameters along the whole cutting length by means of oblique planes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908—Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/192—Face or end mill with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1932—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool with means to fasten tool seat to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1942—Peripherally spaced tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/227—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool seat to holder

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种切削刀片(21)，包括具有第一表面、第二表面和中间表面的主体。中间表面包括大致柱状主表面(31)和从主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面(33)，主表面(31)和凹进表面(33)在第一表面和第二表面之间延伸。切削刃(39)由主表面(31)和凹进表面(33)之间的交线限定。

Description

切削刀片、切削刀具及加工方法
技术领域
本发明总的涉及切削刀片，且更具体地说，涉及可转位切削刀片。
背景技术
用于在诸如铣削、钻削、镗孔和车削的操作中的诸如金属加工的操作的切削刀具通常设置有具有若干切削刃的可更换切削刀片，切削刃代替与刀具的主体一体形成的切削刃使用。已知提供可转到多个不同位置以在每个位置将一个或多个切削刃暴露给工件的可转位切削刀片。这样，不需要例如每次切削刀片被磨损时购买新的切削刀片。
发明内容
希望提供可转位到多个位置的切削刀片。
根据本发明的一方面，切削刀片包括具有第一表面、第二表面和中间表面的主体。中间表面包括大致柱状主表面和从主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面，主表面和凹进表面在第一表面和第二表面之间延伸。切削刃由主表面和凹进表面之间的交线限定。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了加工方法。该方法包括将切削刀片安装到刀架上，该切削刀片包括具有第一表面、第二表面和中间表面的主体，中间表面包括大致柱状主表面和从主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面，主表面和凹进表面在第一表面和第二表面之间延伸，切削刃由主表面和凹进表面之间的交线限定，从而使得由凹进表面和主表面之间的交线形成的一个切削刃延伸超出刀架的外周并形成工作的切削刃。利用工作的切削刃进行切削操作。改变切削刀片的安装，从而使得由凹进表面和主表面之间的交线形成的另一个切削刃延伸超出刀架的外周并形成工作的切削刃。
附图说明
通过结合附图阅读以下详细描述将更好地理解本发明的特征和优势，其中相同的数字表示类似的元件，并且其中：
图1A是根据本发明实施例的切削刀片的透视图，而图1B-1D是图1A的切削刀片的三个不同侧面的平面图；以及
图2是根据本发明实施例的使用切削刀片的切削刀具的部分分解透视图。
具体实施例
图1A-1D中示出了根据本发明的实施例的切削刀片21。切削刀片21包括具有第一表面25、第二表面27和中间表面29的主体23。中间表面29包括大致柱状主表面31和从主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面33。中间表面29可为如图1A-1D中所示的圆柱状，但是其可具有其它大致柱状形状。在图1A-1D的实施例中，多个凹进表面33将主表面31分成多个部分。切削刀片21可由通常用于制造切削刀片的任何材料制成，诸如由硬质合金制成。
主表面31和凹进表面33在(但不是必须地在)第一表面25和第二表面27之间延伸。如图1A和图1C中所见，凹进表面33从第一表面25延伸到第二表面27，而倒角表面35设置在第一表面和第二表面的每一个与主表面31之间。另一个的倒角37设置在倒角表面35和凹进表面33之间。
切削刃39由主表面31和凹进表面33之间的交线限定。在图1A-1D中所示的实施例中，有四个凹进表面33，且因此在凹进表面和主表面31之间有八条交线。在该实施例中，八条交线的每一个都限定了切削刃39。
第一表面25和第二表面27每个能够分别包括大致平面支撑表面41和43，以用于相对于底部邻接表面45将刀片支撑在刀架47上，诸如如在图2所见到的。通常，刀片21将通过延伸通过刀片中的孔51并进入刀架47上的内螺纹孔53的夹紧螺钉49而被夹紧到邻接表面45。包括可拆除的刀夹55的刀架尤其非常适合用于与本发明的刀片结合使用，并且在共同受让的瑞典申请No.0700859-2中更详细地描述，该申请通过参考并入。内螺纹孔53可设置在刀夹55上。尽管为了讨论的目的，在本申请中描述了平面支撑和邻接表面，但是应理解，支撑和邻接表面不必是平的和/或平面的，且可以是适当弯曲的、有槽的或其它形状的。
刀架47还可设置有用于刀片21上的邻接表面的一个或多个侧面邻接表面57，以防止刀片围绕夹紧螺钉49旋转。对于图1A-1D的实施例中的刀片21，侧面邻接表面57设置在图2中所示的可拆除的刀夹55上，并且其邻接凹进表面33中的在刀片21的特定的转位位置不限定出工作切削刃39的那一个凹进表面。还已知在刀架体61的凹进59中形成刀片21在具有刀夹55或没有刀夹55的情况下安装到的侧面邻接表面。
可提供诸如数字或字母的识别标记63以对应于刀片21上的每个切削刃39。标记63将通常设置在第一和第二表面25和27上。
当如图2所示，刀片21安装在刀架47上时，主表面31限定退刀面或间隙表面，即这里限定作为在刀片相对于工件的移动方向上沿着切削刃39的表面。在刀片21中，凹进表面33限定前刀面(rake surface)。例如，如在图1B和1D中所见，凹进表面33的与主表面31大致相邻的第一部分65沿与切削刀片的中心轴线相交的平面从主表面径向向内延伸。凹进表面33的从第一部分65径向向内设置的第二部分67从该平面向内大致朝由凹进表面限定的凹进69的中心C偏离。凹进表面33的从第二部分67径向向内设置的第三部分71大致远离凹进69的中心C延伸。凹进表面33的从第三部分71径向向内设置的第四部分73为大致平面。圆角表面可设置在第四部分73和第三表面71之间，且可有助于当将切削刀片安装在刀架47上时将切削刀片21相对于侧面邻接表面57定位。尽管可提供用于凹进表面33的除了由第一、第二、第三和第四部分65、67、71和73限定的形状之外的其它形状，但是所示形状可有利于切屑形成和断裂。
在根据本发明的一方面的加工的方法中，将切削刀片21安装在刀架47上。将切削刀片21安装在刀架47上，从而由凹进表面33和主表面31的交线形成的一个切削刃39延伸超出刀架的外周，并形成工作的切削刃。可用工作的切削刃39进行切削操作，并且能够在此后改变切削刀片21的安装，通常在切削刃39被磨损到特定点或者已经使用了特定时间长度之后能够改变切削刀片21的安装，从而另一切削刃延伸超出刀架的外周并形成工作的切削刃。
在本申请中，诸如“包括(including)”的术语的使用是开放的，且意在与诸如“包括(comprising)”的术语具有相同的含义，并且不排除其它结构、材料或作用的存在。类似地，尽管诸如“能够(can)”或者“可以(may)”的术语的使用意图是开放的且反应了结构、材料或作用不是必须的，但是不使用这样的术语并不意图表示结构、材料或作用是必须的。对于结构、材料或作用被认为是必须的程度，它们被这样标识。
瑞典专利申请第0700859-2和0700860-0的公开内容在此通过引用并入，本申请要求这两个专利申请的优先权。
尽管根据优选实施例示出和描述了本发明，但是应认识到，在不偏离如权利要求中阐述的本发明的情况下能够在此做出变化和改变。

Claims (20)

1.一种切削刀片(21)，包括具有第一表面(25)、第二表面(27)和中间表面(29)的主体(23)，所述中间表面包括大致柱状主表面(31)和从所述主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面(33)，所述主表面(31)和所述凹进表面(33)在所述第一表面(25)和所述第二表面(27)之间延伸，所述切削刀片(21)的特征在于，所述主表面(31)和所述凹进表面(33)沿至少两个刃相交，切削刃(39)由所述主表面(31)和所述凹进表面(33)之间的每一条交线限定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述凹进表面(33)从所述第一表面(25)延伸到所述第二表面(27)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其包括在所述主表面(31)与所述第一表面(25)和所述第二表面(27)中的每一个之间的倒角表面(35)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的切削刀片(21)，其包括在所述倒角表面(35)和所述凹进表面(33)之间的另一个的倒角(37)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述第一表面(25)和所述第二表面(27)每一个包括大致平面支撑表面(41和43)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其包括多个凹进表面(33)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其包括与所述主表面(31)形成八个切削刃(39)的四个凹进表面(33)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其包括与每个切削刃(39)对应的识别标记(63)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述主表面(31)限定退刀表面。
10.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述凹进表面(33)限定前刀面。
11.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述凹进表面(33)的大致相邻于所述主表面(31)的第一部分(65)沿与所述切削刀片(21)的中心轴线相交的平面从所述主表面径向向内延伸。
12.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述主表面(31)为大致圆柱状。
13.一种切削刀具，其包括刀架(47)和安装到所述刀架的至少一个如权利要求1所述的切削刀片(21)。
14.一种切削刀片(21)，其包括具有第一表面(25)、第二表面(27)和中间表面(29)的主体(23)，所述中间表面包括大致柱状主表面(31)和从所述主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面(33)，所述主表面(31)和所述凹进表面(33)在所述第一表面(25)和所述第二表面(27)之间延伸，切削刃(39)由所述主表面和所述凹进表面之间的交线限定，所述切削刀片(21)的特征在于，所述凹进表面(33)的大致相邻于所述主表面(31)的第一部分(65)在第一大致方向上从所述主表面径向向内延伸，且所述凹进表面(33)的从所述第一部分(65)径向向内设置的第二部分(67)从所述第一大致方向向内朝由所述凹进表面(33)限定的凹进(69)的中心(C)偏离。
15.根据权利要求14所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述凹进表面(33)的从所述第二部分(67)径向向内设置的第三部分(71)大致远离所述凹进(69)的中心(C)延伸。
16.一种切削刀片(21)，包括具有第一表面(25)、第二表面(27)和中间表面(29)的主体(23)，所述中间表面包括大致柱状主表面(31)和从所述主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面(33)，所述主表面(31)和所述凹进表面(33)在所述第一表面(25)和所述第二表面(27)之间延伸，切削刃(39)由所述主表面和所述凹进表面之间的交线限定，其中所述凹进表面(33)的大致相邻于所述主表面(31)的第一部分(65)沿与所述切削刀片(21)的中心轴线相交的平面从所述主表面径向向内延伸，所述切削刀片(21)的特征在于，所述凹进表面(33)的从所述第一部分(65)径向向内设置的第二部分(67)从上述平面向内大致朝由所述凹进表面(33)限定的凹进(69)的中心(C)偏离。
17.根据权利要求16所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述凹进表面(33)的从所述第二部分(67)径向向内设置的第三部分(71)大致远离所述凹进(69)的中心(C)延伸。
18.根据权利要求17所述的切削刀片(21)，其中所述凹进表面(33)的从所述第三部分(71)径向向内设置的第四部分(73)为大致平面。
19.根据权利要求18所述的切削刀片(21)，其包括在所述第四部分(73)和所述第三部分(71)之间的圆角表面。
20.一种加工的方法，包括：
将切削刀片(21)安装在刀架上，所述切削刀片(21)包括具有第一表面(25)、第二表面(27)和中间表面(29)的主体(23)，所述中间表面包括大致柱状主表面(31)和从所述主表面径向向内延伸的至少一个凹进表面(33)，所述主表面(31)和所述凹进表面(33)在所述第一表面(25)和所述第二表面(27)之间延伸，切削刃(39)由所述主表面(31)和所述凹进表面(33)之间的交线限定，从而使得由所述凹进表面(33)和所述主表面(31)的交线形成的一个切削刃延伸超出刀架的外周并形成工作的切削刃(39)；
用所述工作的切削刃(39)进行切削操作；以及
改变所述切削刀片(21)的安装，从而使得由所述凹进表面(33)和所述主表面(31)的交线形成的另一个切削刃(39)延伸超出所述刀架的外周并形成工作的切削刃(39)。
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