CN101627813A - Method for extracting soybean dietary fibre and soybean protein from soybean residue - Google Patents
Method for extracting soybean dietary fibre and soybean protein from soybean residue Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting soybean dietary fibre and soybean protein from soybean residue, solving the problem of comprehensive use of the side product of soybean residue in soybean. The method comprises the following steps: drying, crashing and sieving fresh soybean to obtain soybean powder, adding extracting solution containing cellulase into the soybean powder for synchronous ultrasound extraction to obtain extracting solution; centrifuging the extracting solution to obtain supernatant A and sediment B; depositing, drying and crashing the supernatant A to obtain soluble dietary fibre; dissolving the sediment B by weak base to obtain supernatant C and sediment D; depositing, drying and crashing the supernatant C by food acid to obtain soybean protein; washing, decolouring, drying and crashing the sediment D to obtain insoluble dietary fibre. The invention utilizes ultrasonic and enzymolysis synergy food acid to obtain soybean soluble dietary fibre, soybean insoluble dietary fibre and soybean protein, and has the advantages of short extraction time, high product yield, simple technical process, easy operation control and convenience for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soybean deep processing and by-product resource utilization, functional food additives technical field, be specifically related to from bean dregs, extract the method for soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein.
Background technology
Dietary fiber (DF) is meant and is not the polysaccharide carbohydrate of human consumption and the general name of lignin mainly to comprise cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin etc.Though dietary fiber is difficult to the absorption that is decomposed in human body alimentary canal, be human body the 7th nutrient that maintains outside the indispensable carbohydrate that continues of health, fat, protein, vitamin, water, the mineral matter six big nutrients.By the difference of its dissolution properties, dietary fiber can be divided into water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF).Suction that the SDF tool is good and moisture-keeping function, can wrap up carbohydrate, cholesterol etc. and form colloid substance, reduce its valid density in intestinal juice, form barrier on the small intestine surface simultaneously, therefore delay the absorption of cell, have the effect of reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic, norcholesterol these materials.The structure of IDF is tightr, can increase enterocinesia, strengthens gastrointestinal emptying, prevent constipation, keeps big gut health, thereby prevents the generation of some enteron aisle malignant tumours.Result of study shows that the ratio of SDF and IDF has much relations among the conspicuousness of DF physiological function and the DF.The DF composition requirement SDF of American scholar Richard E and Donald J suggestion balance accounts for more than 10% of DF quantity.And the SDF proportion is very little among many DF.Therefore, make the IDF among the DF particularly necessary by suitable means to the modification work that SDF transforms to improve SDF content.
Bean dregs are one of main accessory substances that produce in the bean product process such as bean curd, contain the dietary fiber more than 50%, about 20% soybean protein, therefore, are the important sources of function factors such as dietary fiber.But bean dregs are handled mainly as feed or anaerobic composting for a long time, and utilization rate is not high, and environment has been caused secondary pollution.Therefore, active ingredient dietary fiber and soybean protein in the bean dregs are recycled, to prolong the soybean processing industrial chain, reduce manufacture a finished product, improve added value of product, to solve the environmental pollution that causes because of the bean dregs discharging significant.
The extracting method of dietary fiber has acid-base method, resistance to compression method, enzyme process etc., and wherein the acid-base method preparation cost is lower, but strong acid and strong bases such as the hydrochloric acid of current use and NaOH have very strong corrosiveness to equipment; The extrusion technological process is simple, and the product that obtains is the mixture of SDF and IDF, is restricted on using; Quick, efficient, free of contamination characteristics that enzyme process has have positive effect for improving technology.From the edible resource of tradition, dietary fiber content is not only high in the bean dregs.And be one of full soy food product natural constituents when taking in, its edibility and security are approved for people.Now the enzyme process of report is produced dietary fiber technology and is generally adopted AMS, protease etc. that starch residual in the bean dregs and protein are degraded, with purity that improves product and the difficulty that reduces preparation.From the nutrition angle, the protein component in the soybean residue need not to remove.
Ultrasonic wave is that frequency is higher than 20kHz, and does not cause the elastic wave of the sense of hearing.Hyperacoustic cavitation effect, fuel factor and mechanism are the three broad theory foundations of ultrasonic technique in effective ingredients in plant extracts.The chemical reaction that ultrasonication can make normal temperature and pressure not take place takes place under cavitation, even adamantine solid is pulverized.Control certain supersonic frequency and intensity, the enormous pressure that cavitation produces causes biological cell wall and whole organism to break, and whole shattering process finishes in moment, and release, diffusion and the dissolving of intracellular matter strengthened in the vibration effect that produces of ultrasonic wave simultaneously.Remained unchanged in the moment biologically active of being broken by the material of lixiviate, improve broken speed and recovery rate simultaneously.Ultrasonic wave assist extracting method have easily and fast, simply, advantage such as safety.Publication number adopts ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis to extract dietary fiber in the wheat bran for the patent of invention of CN 101156684A provides, one of its feature be ultrasonic extraction earlier again enzymolysis be that ultrasonic extraction separates with the enzymolysis unit and carries out.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the comprehensive extraction and application problem of water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF), water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soybean protein in the bean product processing byproduct bean dregs such as bean curd, the invention provides the ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis that utilizes that a kind of technology is simple, easy to operate, added value is high and work in coordination with acid condiment, from bean dregs, extract the method for soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein.
The technical solution that realizes above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
From bean dregs, extract the method for soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein, comprise following processing step:
(1) fresh bean dregs is dried to constant weight under 50-60 ℃, pulverize, cross the 80-100 mesh sieve, obtain okara powder;
(2) in okara powder, add the entry extract, the weight ratio of okara powder and water extract is 1: 15-1: 55, fully put into the ultrasonic extraction of ultrasonic wave extractor behind the stirring and evenly mixing, the ultrasonic wave extraction conditions is: ultrasonic power 200-700W, temperature 30-70 ℃, dutycycle 1: 0.5-1: 1.0, time 20-30 minute; Obtain extract;
(3), must be rich in the supernatant A and the sediment B of soluble dietary fiber with extract centrifugal 10-15min under the 5000-10000r/min condition; In sediment B in sediment B: water=1: 2-1: 4 ratio adds the 0.5%-1% sodium bicarbonate solution, in 60 ℃ of insulations 1 hour, reactant liquor, reactant liquor is centrifugal 10-15min under 5000-10000r/min, supernatant C and sediment D; Sediment D is washed with water to neutrality, and colourless to eluate, dry, the pulverizing of adding 0.5%-3% hydrogenperoxide steam generator rinsing gets the insoluble diedairy fiber finished product;
(4) supernatant C being regulated its pH value with acid condiment is 4.5, leaves standstill 4-5 hour, and centrifugal 10-15min under the 5000-10000r/min condition obtains supernatant E and sediment F; Sediment F drying, pulverizing get the soybean protein finished product;
(5) supernatant A and supernatant E are merged, concentrate and obtain the concentrate that solid content reaches 25-30%; Add 95% ethanol of 4 times of concentrate volumes in concentrate, left standstill under the room temperature 24 hours, centrifugal 10-15min under the 5000-10000r/min condition obtains supernatant G and sediment H; Sediment H drying, pulverizing get soluble dietary fiber.
Contain enzyme work in the described water extract of step (2) and be the cellulase of 0.22-3.14U/mL, the enzyme work of cellulase is defined as under 37 ℃, pH 7.0 conditions, hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulo, e sodium substrate generates the enzyme amount of 1umol glucose in 1 minute, is enzyme unit (U) alive.
The described acid condiment of step (4) is lactic acid or citric acid or malic acid.
Alcohol solvent among the described centrifugal gained supernatant G of step (5) can be reused through decompression distillation.
Water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) assay adopts GB/T 22224-2008 to measure, and water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) assay adopts GB/T 22224-2008 to measure, and soybean protein content is measured and adopted GB/T5009.5-2003 to measure.Recovery rate %=extracts target product quality (the g)/raw material quality (g) * 100% that obtains.Purity %=extracts the target product (g) * 100% that target product quality (g)/the raw material quality contains that obtains.
The inventive method compared with prior art, utilize the collaborative acid condiment of ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis to extract soybean water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF), soybean water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soybean protein, it is short to have extracting cycle, product goes out the rate height, technical process is simple, operation control easily, economic benefit and social benefit are good, be convenient to the advantage of large-scale industrial production, be embodied in: (1) adds cellulase in ultrasonic extract, ultrasonic extraction and enzymolysis are carried out synchronously, shortened extraction time, improved soybean water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) recovery rate; (2) adopt sodium acid carbonate weak base dissolving soybean protein so that soybean protein is separated with soybean water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and adopt the common food acid as the soybean protein precipitating reagent, ensured security of products, overcome and used strong acid hydrochloric acid and highly basic NaOH easily to cause the defective of equipment corrosion; (3) technology of the present invention is simple, flow process is short, cost is low, is fit to large, medium and small different scales bean product processing enterprise.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described by embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
The method of extracting soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein from bean dregs comprises following operating procedure:
Step 1
Fresh bean dregs are dried to constant weight under 50-60 ℃, pulverize, cross 80 mesh sieves, obtain okara powder;
Step 2
Take by weighing okara powder 10g, add 495mL water extract and 7.4mL cellulase solution (enzyme is lived and is 0.22U/mL), fully put into the ultrasonic wave extractor behind the stirring and evenly mixing, at ultrasonic power 700W, 50 ℃ of temperature, ultrasonic extraction is 20 minutes under 1: 0.5 condition of dutycycle, obtains ultrasonic extract;
Contain enzyme in the above-mentioned water extract and live and be that the cellulase of 0.22-3.14U/mL, the enzyme work of cellulase are defined as under 37 ℃, pH 7.0 conditions, hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulo, e sodium substrate generates the enzyme amount of 1umol glucose in 1 minute, is an enzyme work unit (U).
Step 3
With ultrasonic extract centrifugal 10min under the 5000r/min condition, must be rich in the supernatant A and the sediment B of soluble dietary fiber; The adding volume fraction is 1% sodium acid carbonate (NaHCO in sediment B
3) behind the solution 4.5mL in 60 ℃ of insulations 1 hour down, reactant liquor; Reactant liquor under 5000r/min centrifugal 10 minutes, supernatant C and sediment D; Sediment D is washed with water to neutrality, uses 3% hydrogen peroxide (H again
2O
2) solution washing is colourless to eluate, in 50-60 ℃ of following vacuum drying (or freeze drying), after the pulverizing insoluble diedairy fiber (IDF) finished product 7.08g;
Step 4
In supernatant C, add lactic acid, regulate its pH value to 4.5, left standstill 4 hours, under 5000r/min centrifugal 10 minutes, supernatant E and sediment F; Sediment F gets soybean protein (SBP) finished product 0.61g in 50 ℃ of-60 ℃ of following vacuum drying (or freeze drying) after the pulverizing;
Step 5
Merge supernatant A and supernatant E, be concentrated into the concentrate that solid content reaches 25-30%, add 95% ethanol of 4 times of volumes of concentrate, left standstill under the room temperature 24 hours, get precipitation solution through thin film evaporator; With precipitation solution centrifugal 10-15min under the 5000-10000r/min condition, obtain supernatant G and sediment H; Sediment H is in 50 ℃ of-60 ℃ of following vacuum drying (or freeze drying), after the pulverizing purity be 88.5%, water binding is soluble dietary fiber (SDF) the finished product 0.52g of 6.7g/g.
Alcohol solvent among the supernatant G can be reused through decompression distillation.
Embodiment 2:
In step 4, in supernatant C, add citric acid, regulate its pH value to 4.5.
Other step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
In step 4, in supernatant C, add malic acid, regulate its pH value to 4.5.
Other step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
Step 1
Fresh bean dregs are dried to constant weight under 60 ℃, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves, obtain okara powder;
Step 2
Take by weighing okara powder 15g, add 450mL water extract and 15mL cellulase solution (enzyme is lived and is 3.0U/mL), fully put into the ultrasonic wave extractor behind the stirring and evenly mixing, at ultrasonic power 500W, 60 ℃ of temperature, ultrasonic extraction is 30 minutes under 1: 1 condition of dutycycle, obtains ultrasonic extract;
Step 3
The adding volume fraction is 1% sodium acid carbonate (NaHCO in sediment B
3) behind the solution 10mL in 60 ℃ of insulations 1 hour down, reactant liquor; Get insoluble diedairy fiber (IDF) finished product 9.34g;
Other step is with embodiment 1.
Step 4
With embodiment 1; Get soybean protein (SBP) finished product 1.12g;
Step 5
Merge supernatant A and supernatant E, reach the concentrate of 25-30% through being evaporated to solid content; Purity be 87.6%, water binding is soluble dietary fiber (SDF) the finished product 2.07g of 6.9g/g.
Other step is with embodiment 1.
Claims (4)
1, from bean dregs, extract the method for soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein, it is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
(1) fresh bean dregs is dried to constant weight under 50-60 ℃, pulverize, cross the 80-100 mesh sieve, obtain okara powder;
(2) in okara powder, add the entry extract, the weight ratio of okara powder and water extract is 1: 15-1: 55, fully put into the ultrasonic extraction of ultrasonic wave extractor behind the stirring and evenly mixing, the ultrasonic wave extraction conditions is: ultrasonic power 200-700W, temperature 30-70 ℃, dutycycle 1: 0.5-1: 1.0, time 20-30 minute; Obtain extract;
(3), must be rich in the supernatant A and the sediment B of soluble dietary fiber with extract centrifugal 10-15min under the 5000-10000r/min condition; In sediment B in sediment B: water=1: 2-1: 4 ratio adds the 0.5%-1% sodium bicarbonate solution, in 60 ℃ of insulations 1 hour, reactant liquor, reactant liquor is centrifugal 10-15min under 5000-10000r/min, supernatant C and sediment D; Sediment D is washed with water to neutrality, and colourless to eluate, dry, the pulverizing of adding 0.5%-3% hydrogenperoxide steam generator rinsing gets the insoluble diedairy fiber finished product;
(4) supernatant C being regulated its pH value with acid condiment is 4.5, leaves standstill 4-5 hour, and centrifugal 10-15min under the 5000-10000r/min condition obtains supernatant E and sediment F; Sediment F drying, pulverizing get the soybean protein finished product;
(5) supernatant A and supernatant E are merged, concentrate and obtain the concentrate that solid content reaches 25-30%; Add 95% ethanol of 4 times of concentrate volumes in concentrate, left standstill under the room temperature 24 hours, centrifugal 10-15min under the 5000-10000r/min condition obtains supernatant G and sediment H; Sediment H drying, pulverizing get soluble dietary fiber.
2, the method for extracting soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein from bean dregs according to claim 1 is characterized in that; Contain enzyme work in the described water extract of step (2) and be the cellulase of 0.22-3.14U/mL, the enzyme work of cellulase is defined as under 37 ℃, pH 7.0 conditions, hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulo, e sodium substrate generates the enzyme amount of 1umol glucose in 1 minute, is enzyme unit (U) alive.
3, the method for extracting soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein from bean dregs according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described acid condiment of step (4) is lactic acid or citric acid or malic acid.
4, the method for extracting soybean dietary fiber and soybean protein from bean dregs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the alcohol solvent among the described centrifugal gained supernatant G of step (5) can be reused through decompression distillation.
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| CN2009101444672A CN101627813B (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2009-08-11 | Method for extracting soybean dietary fibre and soybean protein from soybean residue |
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| CN2009101444672A CN101627813B (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2009-08-11 | Method for extracting soybean dietary fibre and soybean protein from soybean residue |
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| CN101627813B CN101627813B (en) | 2011-12-21 |
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Address after: 245400 Longwan Industrial Zone, Xiuning Town, Anhui, Huangshan City, China, five Patentee after: HUANGSHAN JIALONG GREEN FOOD CO.,LTD. Address before: 245400 Longwan Industrial Zone, Xiuning Town, Anhui, Huangshan City, China, five Patentee before: HUANGSHAN TOURISM GROUP JIALONG GREEN FOOD CO.,LTD. |
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