CN101620764B - Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on polarization beam splitting detection and sensing method - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on polarization beam splitting detection and sensing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on polarization beam splitting detection and a sensing method. The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system comprises an induction system and a detection control system, wherein the induction system is used for inducing external vibration events and comprises a light source, a pulse modulator, a circulator, a polarization beam splitter, a first amplifier, a second amplifier, a first filter and a second filter; and the detection control system is used for detecting and controlling vibration signals and comprises a first detector, a second detector, a collector and a data processor, wherein the data processor is used for processing an output signal of the collector and analyzing the processed signal to select if giving an alarm. The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on polarization beam splitting detection and the sending method is sensitive to the vibration signals, high detection precision and great high space resolution ratio; and in addition, compared with the prior art, the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system has simple structure and convenient signal processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system and method for sensing, relate in particular to a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system and method for sensing that detects based on polarization beam splitting.
Background technology
Sensing alarm systems such as circumference safety precaution, border strick precaution, earthquake detection and tsunami early warning are ensureing that people's lives are stable, are bringing into play enormous function aspect the protection people security of the lives and property, and the essence of this type systematic is detection and analysis to vibration signal.Along with the development of optical device and optical communication, optical fiber sensing technology is applied to sensory field more and more, progressively replaces some traditional electrical sensors.
Because the intrinsic propesties of optical fiber is responsive to signals such as vibration, stress and sound waves, receive the attention of various countries' scientific and technical research based on the vibrating sensing technology of optical fiber especially distributed sensing.The optical fiber type vibration transducer is a kind of mechanical vibration sensor that adopts optical fiber as sensing unit; Its basic comprising has test section, signal hop and the Return Reception Dept. branch of transmission.Send the test section and be the light signal that the Parameters Transformation directly utilizing optical fiber to detect to obtain becomes to be convenient to transmit, the signal hop is to carry out signal through optical fiber to transmit, the Return Reception Dept. branch be to the signal from optical fiber detect, shaping, processing etc.
In recent years; Multiple distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology based on different principle has appearred; For example: U.S.'s patent of invention " Distributed sagnac sensor systems (patent No. US5402231) " of people such as UDD ERIC application; Two Sagnac (Sagnac) interferometer that this patent utilization works in different wave length combines to realize distributed vibrating sensing; This sensor is made up of the light source of two different wave lengths, two detectors and two Sagnac interferometers, and two Sagnac rings are overlapped in same fiber optic loop, and the ratio of the output of two interferometers and sum determine the position and the amplitude of vibration signal respectively.This distributed sensor based on the Sagnac interferometer is decided by that to the response amplitude of the vibration signal that acts on optical fiber it is in the position of fiber optic loop, and near the center of fiber optic loop, response amplitude is more little more, so the system linear degree is relatively poor, sensitvity constraint.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting is provided, to solve the weak point of prior art.
In addition, the present invention provides the method for sensing of the above-mentioned distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting simultaneously.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting, it comprises induction system, inspection control system.Induction system is in order to induction extraneous vibration incident; Comprise light source, pulse-modulator, circulator, polarization beam apparatus, first amplifier, second amplifier, first wave filter, second wave filter; Light source is in order to send continuous light; Pulse-modulator is modulated into pulsed light in order to the continuous light that said light source is sent; Circulator is in order to inject sensing optic cable with pulsed light; Polarization beam apparatus is divided into two bundles in order to the sensing optic cable back-scattering light with circulator output and has the orthogonal polarisation state linearly polarized light; First amplifier, second amplifier are in order to amplify two bunch polarized light signals; First wave filter, second wave filter link to each other with said first amplifier, second amplifier respectively.Inspection control system is in order to detect control to vibration signal; Comprise first detector, second detector, collector, data processor; First detector, second detector are connected with said first wave filter, second wave filter respectively; Collector is in order to gather the output signal of said first detector, second detector; Whether data processor is in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and the signal after handling is analyzed, select to report to the police.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said inspection control system also comprises controller, and this controller connects light source, pulse-modulator, collector, in order to the action of control light source, pulse-modulator, collector.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said light source comprises laser driver and the laser instrument that is connected; This laser driver connects controller, receives the control signal that controller sends, and drive laser is sent laser thus.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said inspection control system also comprises computing machine, sends control signal in order to control said controller.
Whether as a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said data processor also comprises computing machine, in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and the signal after handling is analyzed, select to report to the police.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said light source comprises laser driver and the laser instrument that is connected; Said laser driver sends laser in order to drive laser.
A kind of method for sensing of the above-mentioned distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting, this method comprises the steps:
Sensing step, induction extraneous vibration incident; Comprise:
(11) light source sends continuous light;
(12) pulse-modulator is modulated into pulsed light with the continuous light that said light source sends;
(13) circulator injects sensing optic cable with pulsed light;
(14) polarization beam apparatus is divided into two bundles with the sensing optic cable back-scattering light of circulator output and has the orthogonal polarisation state linearly polarized light;
(15) first amplifiers, second amplifier amplify two bunch polarized light signals; First wave filter, second wave filter are respectively with the filtering of above-mentioned process amplifying signal;
The prosecution step detects control to vibration signal; Comprise:
(21) first detectors, second detector carry out opto-electronic conversion to above-mentioned signal through filtering respectively;
(22) collector is gathered the output signal of said first detector, second detector;
(23) the output signal of data processor processes collector, and the signal after handling analyzed, select whether to report to the police.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said prosecution step also comprises: controller is controlled the action of said light source, pulse-modulator, collector.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said light source comprises laser driver and the laser instrument that is connected; This laser driver connects controller, receives the control signal that controller sends, and drive laser is sent laser thus.
Whether as a kind of preferred version of the present invention, said data processor also comprises computing machine, in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and the signal after handling is analyzed, select to report to the police; Said computing machine sends control signal in order to control said controller simultaneously.
As a kind of preferred version of the present invention, when system judges that event occurs, the time t that takes place according to incident, by Δ L=(1/2) but (C/n) place that takes place of t county magistrate's part thus incident is positioned; Wherein C is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the optical fiber effective refractive index, and t is the mistiming of pulse generating time and signal reception time, and τ is a pulse width.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system and method for sensing based on the polarization beam splitting detection that the present invention proposes; Responsive to vibration signal, detection accuracy is high and have very high spatial resolution, compared with prior art; Native system is simple in structure, convenient signal treatment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a phase sensitive OTDR technical schematic diagram.Wherein, when Fig. 2-1 is laser linewidth Δ f＜＜1/ τ and laser instrument central frequency deviation＜＜1/ τ, the signal schematic representation of Rayleigh scattering light dorsad of former and later two pulses; Fig. 2-2 is the front and back differential intentions of Rayleigh scattering light signal dorsad.
Fig. 3 is based on polarization beam splitting phase sensitive OTDR technical schematic diagram.Wherein, Fig. 3-1 is the extraneous vibration signal schematic representation that system detects when not adding polarization beam apparatus; Fig. 3-2 is for after introducing polarization beam apparatus, and system detects the extraneous vibration signal schematic representation that the X polarizing beam obtains; Fig. 3-3 is for after introducing polarization beam apparatus, and system detects the extraneous vibration signal schematic representation that the Y polarizing beam obtains.
Embodiment
Specify the preferred embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one
See also Fig. 1, the present invention has disclosed a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting, and it comprises induction system, inspection control system.
[induction system]
Induction system is in order to induction extraneous vibration incident; Comprise light source, pulse-modulator, circulator, polarization beam apparatus, first amplifier, second amplifier, first wave filter, second wave filter.
Light source is in order to send continuous light, and in the present embodiment, said light source comprises laser driver and the laser instrument that is connected; Said laser driver connects a controller of inspection control system, receives the control signal that controller sends, and drive laser is sent laser thus.Pulse-modulator is modulated into pulsed light in order to the continuous light that said light source is sent; Circulator is in order to inject sensing optic cable with pulsed light; Polarization beam apparatus is divided into two bundles in order to the sensing optic cable back-scattering light with circulator output and has the orthogonal polarisation state linearly polarized light; First amplifier, second amplifier are in order to amplify two bunch polarized light signals; First wave filter, second wave filter link to each other with said first amplifier, second amplifier respectively.
[inspection control system]
Inspection control system is in order to detect control to vibration signal; Comprise controller, first detector, second detector, collector, data processor.
First detector, second detector are connected with said first wave filter, second wave filter respectively; Collector is in order to gather the output signal of said first detector, second detector; Whether data processor is in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and the signal after handling is analyzed, select to report to the police.Controller connects light source, pulse-modulator, collector, in order to the action of control light source, pulse-modulator, collector.
Whether said data processor also comprises computing machine, in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and the signal after handling is analyzed, select to report to the police.In addition, the aforementioned calculation machine can also be used to controlling said controller and sends control signal.
Below introduce the method for sensing of above-mentioned new distribution type optical fiber vibration sensing system, method for sensing comprises the steps:
When (1) system started working, the computer drive control device sent control signal, and laser driver receives that control signal rear drive laser instrument starts working, and sends laser;
(2) controller drives pulse-modulator work, the continuous light that laser instrument is sent is modulated into the pulsed light of some cycles;
(3) pulsed light injects sensing optic cable behind optical fiber circulator;
(4) the Rayleigh scattering phenomenon can take place in laser in sensing optic cable, and Rayleigh scattering light is divided into two bundle orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light by polarization beam apparatus behind optical fiber circulator dorsad;
(5) two bundle orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light amplify through fiber amplifier respectively, and through filter filtering, are preferably carried out opto-electronic conversion by first, second detector respectively;
(6) after collector was received the control signal of controller, the signal that detector is exported carried out signals collecting;
(7) controller sends the work of control signal drive data processor, and data processor carries out pre-service with the signal of collector collection, and result is sent into computing machine;
Whether (8) computing machine is analyzed the output signal of data processor, and select to report to the police through analysis result.
Principle of the present invention is following:
Laser instrument is the super-narrow line width fiber laser, and the light that it sends after the modulation of pulse modulated device, becomes the pulsed light with some cycles and pulse width; Inject sensing optic cable behind the pulse fiber circulator, the back-scattering light that in sensing optic cable, produces behind optical fiber circulator, is divided into two bundle orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light by polarization beam apparatus; Two bundle orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light by fiber amplifier amplify with filter filtering after, by the photodetector reception, convert electric signal into; The electric signal of photodetector output, after signal picker was gathered, Input Data Process was handled, and result is imported computing machine; Whether computing machine is analyzed the signal of data processor output, and select to report to the police.
See also Fig. 2-1 to Fig. 2-2; What system of the present invention adopted is the super-narrow line width laser instrument, and laser linewidth is Δ f, and laser instrument output laser is τ by pulsed modulation afterpulse width; Recurrence interval is T, and T is greater than pulsed light required back and forth time of transmission in sensing optic cable.When Δ f＜＜1/ τ and laser instrument central frequency deviation＜＜1/ τ, the Rayleigh scattering light dorsad in the optical cable in pulse width arrives the detector test surface simultaneously, can interfere phenomenon (like Fig. 2-1).When the external world has vibration signal to put on the sensing optic cable, can cause that cable length and refractive index change, the light phase that causes transmitting in the optical cable changes, and after detector photoelectricity transformed, light intensity can change; The Rayleigh scattering light dorsad of former and later two pulses is subtracted each other, with obtaining useful extraneous vibration information, and select whether to report to the police (like Fig. 2-2) in view of the above.
See also Fig. 3-1 to Fig. 3-3; For increasing the detection sensitivity of sensor-based system, reduce the alert rate of mistake, the present invention has introduced polarization beam apparatus in sensor-based system; The Rayleigh scattering light dorsad that sensing optic cable is passed back is divided into the linearly polarized light that two bundles have orthogonal polarisation state; And carry out standalone probe and data processing respectively, if having one the tunnel warning is arranged, then system judges that event occurs.
When system judges that event occurs, the time t (be the mistiming of pulse generating time and signal reception time) that takes place according to incident, by Δ L=(1/2) but (C/n) place of t county magistrate's part generation thus incident is positioned.System accuracy is (1/2) (C/n) τ.Wherein C is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the optical fiber effective refractive index, and τ is a pulse width.
In sum, the present invention utilizes the OTDR structure, can position vibration event; Simultaneously, owing to adopt super-narrow line width, low frequency drift LASER Light Source, system sensitivity is high; In addition, system architecture is simple, and the signal Processing ratio is easier to.
Embodiment two
In the present embodiment, the method for sensing of the above-mentioned distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting, this method comprises the steps:
Sensing step, induction extraneous vibration incident; Comprise:
(11) light source sends continuous light;
(12) pulse-modulator is modulated into pulsed light with the continuous light that said light source sends;
(13) circulator injects sensing optic cable with pulsed light;
(14) polarization beam apparatus is divided into two bundles with the sensing optic cable back-scattering light of circulator output and has the orthogonal polarisation state linearly polarized light;
(15) first amplifiers, second amplifier amplify two bunch polarized light signals; First wave filter, second wave filter are respectively with the filtering of above-mentioned process amplifying signal;
The prosecution step detects control to vibration signal; Comprise:
(21) first detectors, second detector carry out opto-electronic conversion to above-mentioned signal through filtering respectively;
(22) collector is gathered the output signal of said first detector, second detector;
(23) the output signal of data processor processes collector, and the signal after handling analyzed, select whether to report to the police.
When system judges that event occurs, the time t (be the mistiming of pulse generating time and signal reception time) that takes place according to incident, by Δ L=(1/2) but (C/n) place of t county magistrate's part generation thus incident is positioned; System accuracy is (1/2) (C/n) τ.Wherein C is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the optical fiber effective refractive index, and τ is a pulse width.
Here description of the invention and application is illustrative, is not to want with scope restriction of the present invention in the above-described embodiments.Here the distortion of the embodiment that is disclosed and change are possible, and the replacement of embodiment is known with the various parts of equivalence for those those of ordinary skill in the art.Those skilled in the art are noted that under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, and the present invention can be with other form, structure, layout, ratio, and realize with other assembly, material and parts.Under the situation that does not break away from the scope of the invention and spirit, can carry out other distortion and change here to the embodiment that is disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting is characterized in that it comprises an induction system and an inspection control system;
Said induction system is in order to induction extraneous vibration incident, and it comprises:
Light source is in order to send continuous light;
Pulse-modulator is modulated into pulsed light in order to the continuous light that said light source is sent;
Circulator is in order to inject sensing optic cable with pulsed light;
Polarization beam apparatus is divided into two bundles in order to the sensing optic cable back-scattering light with circulator output and has the orthogonal polarisation state linearly polarized light;
First amplifier, second amplifier are in order to amplify two bunch polarized light signals; And
First wave filter, second wave filter link to each other with said first amplifier, second amplifier respectively;
Said inspection control system is in order to detect control to vibration signal, and it comprises:
First detector, second detector are connected with said first wave filter, second wave filter respectively;
Collector is in order to gather the output signal of said first detector, second detector; And
Whether data processor in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and is analyzed the signal after handling, select to report to the police.
2. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Said inspection control system also comprises controller, and this controller connects light source, pulse-modulator, collector, in order to the action of control light source, pulse-modulator, collector.
3. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Said light source comprises laser driver and the laser instrument that is connected;
This laser driver connects controller, receives the control signal that controller sends, and drive laser is sent laser thus.
4. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Said inspection control system also comprises computing machine, sends control signal in order to control said controller.
5. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Whether said data processor also comprises computing machine, in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and the signal after handling is analyzed, select to report to the police.
6. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Said light source comprises laser driver and the laser instrument that is connected; Said laser driver sends laser in order to drive laser.
7. a method for sensing that uses the arbitrary said distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system that detects based on polarization beam splitting of claim 2 to 4 is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
Sensing step, induction extraneous vibration incident; Comprise:
(11) light source sends continuous light;
(12) pulse-modulator is modulated into pulsed light with the continuous light that said light source sends;
(13) circulator injects sensing optic cable with pulsed light;
(14) polarization beam apparatus is divided into two bundles with the sensing optic cable back-scattering light of circulator output and has the orthogonal polarisation state linearly polarized light;
(15) first amplifiers, second amplifier amplify two bunch polarized light signals; First wave filter, second wave filter are respectively with the filtering of above-mentioned process amplifying signal;
The prosecution step detects control to vibration signal; Comprise:
(21) first detectors, second detector carry out opto-electronic conversion to above-mentioned signal through filtering respectively;
(22) collector is gathered the output signal of said first detector, second detector;
(23) the output signal of data processor processes collector, and the signal after handling analyzed, select whether to report to the police.
8. method for sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Said prosecution step also comprises: controller is controlled the action of said light source, pulse-modulator, collector.
9. method for sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Said light source comprises laser driver and the laser instrument that is connected;
This laser driver connects controller, receives the control signal that controller sends, and drive laser is sent laser thus;
Whether said data processor also comprises computing machine, in order to the output signal of processing collected device, and the signal after handling is analyzed, select to report to the police;
Said computing machine sends control signal in order to control said controller simultaneously.
10. method for sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
When system judges that event occurs, the time t that takes place according to incident, by Δ L=(1/2) but (C/n) place that takes place of t county magistrate's part thus incident is positioned; Wherein C is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the optical fiber effective refractive index, and t is the mistiming of pulse generating time and signal reception time.
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