CN106153089A - A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system - Google Patents

A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106153089A
CN106153089A CN201610459522.7A CN201610459522A CN106153089A CN 106153089 A CN106153089 A CN 106153089A CN 201610459522 A CN201610459522 A CN 201610459522A CN 106153089 A CN106153089 A CN 106153089A
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China
Prior art keywords
amplifier
optical fiber
frequency
distributed optical
outfan
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CN201610459522.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈月娥
李国强
邵秋峰
王书涛
王勇
朱艳英
贾丽笑
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Yanshan University
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Yanshan University
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Priority to CN201610459522.7A priority Critical patent/CN106153089A/en
Publication of CN106153089A publication Critical patent/CN106153089A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35364Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/18Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G01K11/322Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Brillouin scattering

Abstract

nullThe invention discloses a kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system,Including narrow linewidth laser、Manipulator、Optoisolator、Erbium-doped fiber amplifier、Circulator、Fiber grating、Sensor fibre、Photo-detector、Microwave amplifier、High pass filter、Power divider、First filtration module、First microwave sounding module、First low-frequency amplifier、Second filtration module、Second microwave sounding module、Second low-frequency amplifier、Data collecting card and computer,The present invention realizes the measurement of distributed optical fiber vibration or acoustical signal,Effectively realize the kinetic measurement of big phase signal,And phase cancellation fading problem can be eliminated,High-speed data acquisition equipment without GS/s sample rate,Reduce cost and do not interfere with response time,On the premise of eliminating LASER Light Source shakiness and line loss,Measure intensity and the frequency displacement change of Brillouin scattering respectively,And then obtain variations in temperature and strain.

Description

A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, specifically a kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system.
Background technology
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques is an important branch of Fibre Optical Sensor, utilizes light wave to transmit phase in a fiber The characteristic that position, polarization, amplitude, wavelength etc. are sensitive to external world, can monitor the temperature near optical fiber the most in real time, strain, shake The physical quantitys such as dynamic and sound, have good application prospect, occupy main status in Fibre Optical Sensor market.
According to sensing principle, Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques can be divided mainly into based on principle of interference and visits based on back scattering Survey technology two class.The former is utilized M-Z type, Sagnac type and composite structured is correlated with by location algorithm and demodulating algorithm Positional information and extraneous physical message.Outside the latter utilizes the changes such as the polarization of back-scattering light, light intensity, frequency displacement and phase place to measure Boundary's physical quantity.Common type includes phase sensitive optical time domain reflection type (Φ-OTDR), polarized light time domain reflection type (P-OTDR), Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry type (B-OTDR), Raman light Time Domain Reflectometry type (R-OTDR) etc..Wherein, Φ-OTDR is suitable for distance The distributed vibration of high spatial resolution or sound sensing, have the most excellent at aspects such as perimeter security, seismic prospecting, Monitoring Pinpelines Gesture.In order to enable effectively to detect heterodyne signal, need data acquisition equipment (sample rate of GS/s magnitude) at a high speed, relatively costly.
Light transmits in a fiber, mainly has three kinds of rear orientation lights: Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman, wherein Rayleigh scattering without Energy is changed, and belongs to elastic scattering, without frequency displacement;Brillouin and Raman scattering all have energy conversion, belong to inelastic scattering, and And generally individually there is Stokes become light splitting with anti-Stokes two kinds.According to definition, the composition that frequency moves down is stokes light, The composition of frequency upper shift is anti-Stokes light.The difference of Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering is that the former is optically-based phonon A kind of scattered light, be not only acted upon by temperature changes but also strained impact, and the latter be a kind of scattering of optically-based photon Light, is only acted upon by temperature changes.Current vast researcher these scattering phenomenons have been conducted in-depth research and according to Its features is applied, such as optical time domain/frequency-domain reflectometer (OT/FDR), optical time domain/frequency-domain analysis instrument (OT/FDA), And distributed fiberoptic sensor etc..Distributed fiberoptic sensor is based particularly on the Fibre Optical Sensor of Brillouin scattering, with Other sensors are compared, and have its unique advantage, but simultaneously because the frequency of Brillouin's rear orientation light and Rayleigh beacon light Rate difference is the least, about 11GHz (at 1.55um wave band, be 88pm corresponding to wavelength difference), and its detection means exists the biggest Challenge, so remaining study hotspot at present.In conventional systems, generally make by light method or use software approach to solve Coupling temperature and strain, relatively costly, affect response time.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the distributed optical fiber sensing system of a kind of simple in construction, low cost.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system, including narrow linewidth laser, manipulator, optoisolator, Erbium-doped fiber amplifier Device, circulator, fiber grating, sensor fibre, photo-detector, microwave amplifier, high pass filter, power divider, the first filter Mode block, the first microwave sounding module, the first low-frequency amplifier, the second filtration module, the second microwave sounding module, the second low frequency Amplifier, data collecting card and computer, the outfan of described narrow linewidth laser is connected with the input of manipulator, manipulator Outfan be connected with the input of optoisolator, the outfan of optoisolator is connected with the input of erbium-doped fiber amplifier, The outfan of erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected with a port of circulator, and the b port of circulator is connected with fiber grating, circulator C port be connected with sensor fibre, the d port of circulator is connected with the input port of photo-detector, described photo-detector defeated Go out end and be sequentially connected with microwave amplifier, high pass filter and power divider;Two outfans of described power divider, wherein One outfan is sequentially connected with the first filtration module and the first microwave sounding module, and the first microwave sounding module is in order to believe high frequency Number being converted to low frequency signal, the first microwave sounding module enters data collecting card through the first low-frequency amplifier;Power divider The different switching of frequency is the difference of intensity through second filtration module, the second filtration module by another outfan, enters And entering the second microwave sounding module, high-frequency signal is converted to low frequency signal by the second microwave sounding module, is then passed through second Data collecting card is entered after low-frequency amplifier;Described data collecting card and computer connect.
As the further scheme of the present invention: the output wavelength of described narrow linewidth laser and the centre wavelength of fiber grating Unanimously.
As the present invention further scheme: described narrow linewidth laser uses the low noise single-frequency laser of output continuously Device, live width is less than 5kHz, and operation wavelength is at 1550nm wave band.
As the present invention further scheme: described manipulator uses acousto-optic modulator, is loaded by pulse generator Pulse voltage signal, pulse width is limited to the rise and fall time of acousto-optic modulator.
As the present invention further scheme: described manipulator uses the pulse width of 10ns~100ns.
As the present invention further scheme: the three dB bandwidth of described fiber grating is less than 0.2nm.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: realize the measurement of distributed optical fiber vibration or acoustical signal, have Effect realizes the kinetic measurement of big phase signal, and can eliminate phase cancellation fading problem, it is not necessary to the high speed number of GS/s sample rate According to collecting device, reduce cost and do not interfere with response time, before eliminating LASER Light Source shakiness and line loss Put, measure intensity and the frequency displacement change of Brillouin scattering respectively, and then obtain variations in temperature and strain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of distributed optical fiber sensing system.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments wholely.Based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise Embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Refer to Fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system, including narrow linewidth laser 1, adjust Device 2 processed, optoisolator 3, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4, circulator 5, fiber grating 6, sensor fibre 7, photo-detector 8, microwave are put Big device 9, high pass filter 10, power divider the 11, first filtration module the 12, first microwave sounding module the 13, first low frequency are put Big device the 14, second filtration module the 15, second microwave sounding module the 16, second low-frequency amplifier 17, data collecting card 18 and calculating Machine 19, the outfan of described narrow linewidth laser 1 is connected with the input of manipulator 2, the outfan of manipulator 2 and optoisolator The input of 3 is connected, and the outfan of optoisolator 3 is connected with the input of erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4 Outfan be connected with a port of circulator 5, the b port of circulator 5 is connected with fiber grating 6, the c port of circulator 5 and biography Photosensitive fine 7 are connected, and the d port of circulator 5 is connected with the input port of photo-detector 8, and the outfan of described photo-detector 8 is successively Connect microwave amplifier 9, high pass filter 10 and power divider 11;Two outfans of described power divider 11, wherein One outfan is sequentially connected with the first filtration module 12 and the first microwave sounding module 13, and the first microwave sounding module 13 is in order to incite somebody to action High-frequency signal is converted to low frequency signal, and the first microwave sounding module 13 enters data collecting card 18 through the first low-frequency amplifier 14; The difference of frequency is turned by another outfan of power divider 11 through second filtration module 15, the second filtration module 15 Being changed to the difference of intensity, and then enter the second microwave sounding module 16, high-frequency signal is converted to by the second microwave sounding module 16 Low frequency signal, enters data collecting card 18 after being then passed through the second low-frequency amplifier 17;Described data collecting card 18 and computer 19 connect.
The output wavelength of described narrow linewidth laser 1 is consistent with the centre wavelength of fiber grating 6, the 3dB band of fiber grating 6 Wide less than 0.2nm.Described manipulator 2 is used for producing sinusoidal phase modulation, and modulation amplitude is 2rad-4rad.
The narrow linewidth laser 1 of the present invention uses the low noise single-frequency laser of output continuously, and live width is less than 5kHz, work Wavelength 1550nm wave band.The narrow-linewidth laser of output is modulated device generation and is repeated cyclically pulsed light, manipulator 2 employing sound continuously Photomodulator, by pulse generator load pulses voltage signal, when pulse width is limited to the rise and fall of acousto-optic modulator Between, generally using the pulse width of 10ns~100ns, pulse recurrence frequency is relevant with Transmission Fibers length, when fiber lengths is During 10km, pulse recurrence frequency is 10kHz to the maximum.Pulsed light enters erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4 after optoisolator 3 and carries out light merit Rate is amplified, and is filtered the optical signal after amplifying by circulator 5 and fiber grating 6, and the centre wavelength of fiber grating 6 is with narrow The operation wavelength of live width laser instrument 1 is consistent, and the three dB bandwidth of fiber grating 6 is less than 0.2nm, to ensure to enter the arteries and veins of sensor fibre 7 Wash off and do not comprise too much spontaneous emission light, it is ensured that the coherence of pulsed light.Pulsed light produces along sensor fibre 7 communication process Back rayleigh scattering, diverse location produces different Rayleigh scattering lights, when the coherence length of narrow linewidth laser 1 is more than transmission light During fine length, Rayleigh scattering is just concerned with.The Brillouin scattering dorsad of sensor fibre 7 is entered by the d port of circulator Photo-detector 8 carries out origin difference interference, the heterodyne interference signal of about 11GHz can be obtained.This signal of telecommunication is through microwave After amplifier 9 and high pass filter 10, carrying out power distribution in power divider 11, the first via is entered through the first filtration module 12 Enter in the first microwave sounding module 13, high-frequency signal is changed into low frequency signal, be then passed through the first low-frequency amplifier 14 laggard Enter and data collecting card 18 carries out data acquisition process;Second tunnel first passes through a second filtration module 15 frequencies-intensity-conversion Device, is converted into the change of frequency the change of intensity, and then enters in the second microwave sounding module 16, be converted into by high-frequency signal Low frequency signal, enters in data collecting card 18 after being then passed through the second low-frequency amplifier 17 and carries out data acquisition process.Two-way is believed Number process that process is certain the most both can obtain Brillouin shift and can also eliminate owing to LASER Light Source is unstable or line loss etc. Impact.Heterodyne interference signal (this with Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering can be obtained from the output of high frequency light detector Source difference interference) corresponding AC signal, the frequency of this AC signal is determined by Brillouin shift.The most again through overfrequency- The change of frequency is converted into the change of intensity by strength converter, afterwards through microwave sounding module, is converted into low frequency signal, enters Enter in data collecting card and process.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie In the case of the spirit or essential attributes of the present invention, it is possible to realize the present invention in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, all should regard embodiment as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all by fall in the implication of equivalency and scope of claim Change is included in the present invention.Should not be considered as limiting involved claim by any reference in claim.
Although moreover, it will be appreciated that this specification is been described by according to embodiment, but the most each embodiment only wraps Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of description is only that for clarity sake those skilled in the art should Description can also be formed those skilled in the art through appropriately combined as an entirety, the technical scheme in each embodiment May be appreciated other embodiments.

Claims (6)

1. a distributed optical fiber sensing system, including narrow linewidth laser (1), manipulator (2), optoisolator (3), er-doped light Fiber amplifier (4), circulator (5), fiber grating (6), sensor fibre (7), photo-detector (8), microwave amplifier (9), high pass Wave filter (10), power divider (11), the first filtration module (12), the first microwave sounding module (13), the first low frequency amplify Device (14), the second filtration module (15), the second microwave sounding module (16), the second low-frequency amplifier (17), data collecting card (18) and computer (19), it is characterised in that the input of the outfan of described narrow linewidth laser (1) and manipulator (2) is even Connecing, the outfan of manipulator (2) is connected with the input of optoisolator (3), and the outfan of optoisolator (3) is put with Er-doped fiber The input of big device (4) is connected, and the outfan of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (4) is connected with a port of circulator (5), circulator (5) B port be connected with fiber grating (6), the c port of circulator (5) is connected with sensor fibre (7), the d port of circulator (5) with The input port of photo-detector (8) is connected, and the outfan of described photo-detector (8) is sequentially connected with microwave amplifier (9), high pass filter Ripple device (10) and power divider (11);Two outfans of described power divider (11), one of them outfan connects successively Connecing the first filtration module (12) and the first microwave sounding module (13), the first microwave sounding module (13) is in order to turn high-frequency signal Being changed to low frequency signal, the first microwave sounding module (13) enters data collecting card (18) through the first low-frequency amplifier (14);Power Another outfan of allotter (11) is through second filtration module (15), and the second filtration module (15) is by the difference of frequency Being converted to the difference of intensity, and then enter the second microwave sounding module (16), the second microwave sounding module (16) is by high-frequency signal Be converted to low frequency signal, be then passed through the second low-frequency amplifier (17) and enter data collecting card (18) afterwards;Described data collecting card (18) connect with computer (19).
Distributed optical fiber sensing system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described narrow linewidth laser (1) Output wavelength is consistent with the centre wavelength of fiber grating (6).
Distributed optical fiber sensing system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described narrow linewidth laser (1) is adopted With the low noise single-frequency laser of output continuously, live width is less than 5kHz, and operation wavelength is at 1550nm wave band.
Distributed optical fiber sensing system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described manipulator (2) uses acousto-optic Manipulator, by pulse generator load pulses voltage signal, pulse width is limited to the rise and fall time of acousto-optic modulator.
5. according to the distributed optical fiber sensing system described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that described manipulator (2) uses The pulse width of 10ns~100ns.
Distributed optical fiber sensing system the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described fiber grating (6) Three dB bandwidth is less than 0.2nm.
CN201610459522.7A 2016-06-22 2016-06-22 A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system Pending CN106153089A (en)

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Cited By (6)

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CN106949987A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-07-14 中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司 The intelligent monitor system and method for pipe gallery electric power cabin track replacement early warning
CN109556754A (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-02 冲电气工业株式会社 Fibre strain and temperature measuring apparatus and fibre strain and temperature-measuring method
CN110726468A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-24 北京航空航天大学 Distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on straight waveguide phase modulator
CN112291007A (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-01-29 国网辽宁省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 Distributed optical fiber automatic monitoring system
CN113175988A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-07-27 太原理工大学 Anti-noise and breakpoint self-diagnosis distributed optical fiber sound sensing device
CN113176608A (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-27 中国石油大学(华东) DAS six-component seismic signal decoupling and recovery method for spirally-wound optical fiber

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CN106949987A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-07-14 中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司 The intelligent monitor system and method for pipe gallery electric power cabin track replacement early warning
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CN110726468A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-24 北京航空航天大学 Distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on straight waveguide phase modulator
CN112291007A (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-01-29 国网辽宁省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 Distributed optical fiber automatic monitoring system
CN112291007B (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-02-22 国网辽宁省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 Distributed optical fiber automatic monitoring system
CN113175988A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-07-27 太原理工大学 Anti-noise and breakpoint self-diagnosis distributed optical fiber sound sensing device
CN113176608A (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-27 中国石油大学(华东) DAS six-component seismic signal decoupling and recovery method for spirally-wound optical fiber
CN113176608B (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-07-26 中国石油大学(华东) DAS six-component seismic signal decoupling and recovery method of spirally wound optical fiber

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Application publication date: 20161123