CN106840356A - A kind of distributed vibration sensing system and its application - Google Patents
A kind of distributed vibration sensing system and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106840356A CN106840356A CN201611188867.XA CN201611188867A CN106840356A CN 106840356 A CN106840356 A CN 106840356A CN 201611188867 A CN201611188867 A CN 201611188867A CN 106840356 A CN106840356 A CN 106840356A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to optical engineering, optical fiber optics and signal processing technology field, specially a kind of distributed vibration sensing system and its application.By the present invention in that with a multifiber cable as sensing optic cable, by the way of adjacent fibre core head and the tail are connected, the keeping parallelism distribution under optical cable skeletal support, fibre core number is 2~8 cores to many parallel sensing fibre cores therein.Using the uniformity of the vibration signal of single cable multicore, i.e., the vibration position of every core is consistent with signal；The signal that treatment is received is to detect the fiber-optic vibration signal produced by Wheel Rail Vibration, so as to obtain time-frequency domain information related to enhancing Wheel Rail Vibration.Realize receiving identical or adjacent position the overlap-add procedure of vibration signal, while keeping system schema hardware composition and system cost not to increase, greatly improve system signal noise ratio, the sensitivity in the detection of Wheel Rail Vibration relation is enhanced, to obtain time-frequency domain information related to Wheel Rail Vibration is strengthened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical engineering, optical fiber optics and signal processing technology field, specially a kind of distributed vibration is passed
Sensing system and its application, are related to optical-fiber laser, signal transacting and sensing technology.
Background technology
At present, in terms of high ferro Wheel Rail Vibration signal detection, traditional distributed sensing system due to its signal to noise ratio and
Sensitivity is limited, and Wheel Rail Vibration useful signal is transmitted and Absorption of Medium by air, the signal ten that single-core fiber detection is obtained
Divide faint, cause detection useful signal extremely difficult.
Traditional interference type distributed sensing technology is because based on phase position sensing principle, such technology generally existing system is believed
Make an uproar than and sensitivity it is limited, orientation distance is short, need to shield optical fiber, data processing complex, polarization state decline the problems such as, serious shadow
The sensing capabilities of acoustic system, make sensor-based system positioning precision relatively low.And the technology can only realize the measurement and positioning of single position
Multipoint positioning can not be realized., it is necessary to the distance of monitoring can reach several kms even tens, Shang Baiqian in practical engineering application
The invasion disturbance of multiple spot, often can simultaneously occur in rice, therefore distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system can measure and position multiple spot and shake
Dynamic distributed sensing system is significant.
The detection signal of traditional distributed sensor-based system is influenceed by many noise sources, and be random noise or
Statistical noise.In the case where some need pinpoint accuracy, highly sensitive application scenarios, the low signal-to-noise ratio of traditional distributed sensor-based system
The value of the sensor-based system can greatly be reduced.
Chinese Patent Application No. 201510917944X provides a kind of optical fiber distributed type of U-shaped sensor fibre deployment architecture
Sensor-based system, is coiled into U-shaped by many cable singles, but the uniformity of its vibration signal is not good enough, and the position of every cable vibration will not
It is completely the same, so the vibration signal of every cable is not quite identical.Its use be and optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) class
As principle.In OTDR, the laser pulse launched with probe unit is come detecting optical cable.When light pulse is propagated in a fiber,
It is present in the Rayleigh scattering light in optical fiber, photodetector receives backscattered photons.This data is used to match the anti-of optical fiber
Penetrate rate.In the disclosure in this patent, external vibration disturbs the rear orientation light of modulation optical fiber ad-hoc location.Remember by with high sampling rate
The change of Rayleigh signal is recorded, optical fiber is become a large amount of distributed sound pick-ups or sensor.
The content of the invention
There is problem or deficiency for above-mentioned, to strengthen the sensitivity in the detection of Wheel Rail Vibration relation, improve system letter
Make an uproar and compare, to obtain time-frequency domain information related to Wheel Rail Vibration is strengthened.The invention provides a kind of distributed vibration sensing system and
Its application.
The distributed vibration sensing system, including light source, acousto-optic modulator, waveform generator, 2 pulse amplifiers, 2
Wave filter, circulator, detector, data collecting card, signal processing apparatus and sensing device composition, it is characterised in that：
The relevant narrow linewidth continuous light of light source output of the height of centre wavelength 1550nm, pulsed light is modulated to through acousto-optic modulator,
Acousto-optic modulator is driven by waveform generator；
The pulsed light of acousto-optic modulator output amplifies through the first pulse amplifier successively and the first wave filter suppresses noise
Afterwards, coupled by 1 port of circulator in transporting to sensing device through its 2 port；
The optical signal reflected from sensing device is through the port transmission of circulator 2 to 3 ports, then is coupled into the second pulse and puts
Big device, then passed by the pump light that the second wave filter filters out the noise of the second pulse amplifier amplification generation and do not run out of
After the scattering light produced in induction device, detector of the feeding with adjustable gain and filter function；
The electric signal of data collecting card collection detector output, and to send into and carry out data processing in signal processing apparatus；Number
According to capture card by waveform generator synchronization triggering collection, waveform generator is controlled by independent software；
Signal processing apparatus, the signal to gathering is processed to get in sensing device diverse location on sensing optic cable
The time-frequency domain information included in vibration signal acted on by external force；
The sensing device is made up of access optical cable, sensing optic cable；Access optical cable is realized between circulator and sensing optic cable
Optical signal transmission；Sensing optic cable is a multifiber cable, and many parallel fiber cores, many parallel fiber cores are included in multifiber cable
Between by the way of adjacent fibre core head and the tail are connected, many fibre cores keeping parallelisms distribution under optical cable skeletal support, fibre core number is 2
~8 cores.
Further, the signal processing apparatus, accumulator is first passed around to signal according to the cycle using FPGA development boards
Superposition is synchronized, system signal noise ratio is improved；The signal after superposition is pre-processed by slide-window integrator again, part is removed
Out-of-band noise, further lifting system signal to noise ratio；Eventually pass Third-order cumulants arithmetic unit and filter in-band noise.
Further, the sensing optic cable of above-mentioned distributed vibration sensing system sensing device is arranged along high ferro wheel track, is led to
Signal processing apparatus are crossed to gathering the treatment of signal, is subject in the vibration signal of rail wheeling action with getting diverse location on optical fiber
Comprising time-frequency domain information, so as to realize damaging rail structure, the quick detection of breakaway poing and be accurately positioned.
The workflow of above-mentioned distributed vibration sensing system is as follows：
Step 1, the narrow linewidth light source that is concerned with from the height of centre wavelength 1550nm launch arteries and veins through the acousto-optic modulator of High Extinction Ratio
Pulsed light signal, then sensing device is constituted by multifiber cable by entering after pulse amplifier amplification and wave filter suppression noise
In optical cable；
Step 2, the optical signal reflected from sensing device amplify through pulse amplifier and wave filter eliminates backward dissipating
Enter detector after penetrating noise；The optical signal for reflecting is each fiber cores by extraneous vibration signal disturbance position
Put the backward Rayleigh scattering light for reflecting；Waveform generator synchronization trigger data acquisition card carries out data acquisition, after collection
Data entering signal processing unit carries out further signal transacting；
Step 3, in signal processing apparatus, by process collection signal, so as to get on whole sensing device at certain
Individual position is subject to the time-frequency domain information included in the vibration signal of rail wheeling action.
Sensing optic cable in the present invention is made up of the parallel sensing fibre core of many in a multifiber cable, many directional lights
Between fibre core by the way of adjacent fibre core head and the tail are connected, many parallel fiber cores keeping parallelisms point under optical cable skeletal support
Cloth, fibre core number is 2~8 cores.The vibration signal of single cable multicore and the uniformity of vibration position are make use of, i.e., using single cable multi-core optical
The Signal averaging technology of cable, the signal that treatment is received produced fiber-optic vibration signal by Wheel Rail Vibration to be detected, so as to obtain
Take time-frequency domain information related to enhancing Wheel Rail Vibration.Realize receiving identical or adjacent position the overlap-add procedure of vibration signal,
While keeping system schema hardware composition and system cost not to increase, system signal noise ratio is greatly improved, enhanced in wheel
Sensitivity in rail vibration relation detection, to obtain time-frequency domain information related to Wheel Rail Vibration is strengthened.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is distributed vibration sensing system structure of the invention and application schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the Signal averaging process schematic of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is equivalent multi-pulse system schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is Signal averaging result schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 5 is system hardware schematic diagram of the invention；
The signal processing schematic diagram of Fig. 6 embodiments；
Reference：1- light transmitting and receiving modules, 2- fiber cores, 3- access optical cables, 4- sensing optic cables, 5- sensor fibres,
The parallel optical fiber junctions of 6-, 7- rail tracks, the signal that 8- Wheel Rail Vibrations are produced, 9- light pulse signals.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, distributed vibration sensing system of the invention is by light transmitting and receiving module and sensing
Device is constituted.By in Fig. 5, all devices are constituted light transmitting and receiving module in addition to sensing device.Sensing device is by access light
Cable and sensing optic cable are constituted.Any from light source can be transferred in sensing optic cable for light pulse by access optical cable
Optical cable.Sensing optic cable is made up of many parallel fiber cores head and the tail connections.It is in sensing optic cable end, sensing optic cable is long with one
The access optical cable spent for 600 meters is connected to light transmitting and receiving module.Light source and detector are respectively intended to transmitting light pulse to optical cable
Neutralize the rear orientation light that detection is reflected from optical cable multiple position.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4, optical cable of the invention 2 is positioned adjacent to the position of the noise source for launching vibration signal,
Vibration signal can cause the deformation of sensing device when propagating to optical cable.Deformation can be temporary transient change optical cable rear orientation light property
Matter.Because the unexpected deformation of optical fiber, detector can detect the change of back scattering light property, and with optical signal and backward
Transmission of the light along optical cable is scattered, the position of deformation will also be detected.Especially, certain section of optical fiber is come from by recognizing and receiving
Back scattering optical signal, this section of vibration information of optical fiber can be detected.In the present invention, multifiber is identical or adjacent
Position can all be performed simultaneously detection, and every section of optical fiber all contains the related time-frequency domain information of vibration position.
Dotted line frame in Fig. 2 is exactly a typical deformation position, and lived by dotted line frame circle is exactly typical 6 parallel
Optical fiber structure.The Rayleigh scattering optical signal of the corresponding every section of fiber reflection of vibration position all converges in detector through sensor fibre
In.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, from the relevant narrow linewidth continuous light of light source output of the height of centre wavelength 1550nm, warp
The acousto-optic modulator of High Extinction Ratio is modulated to pulsed light, and acousto-optic modulator drives (TTL signal) by waveform generator, repetition rate
It is 1kHz, pulsewidth is 200ns (dutycycle is 0.02%), has corresponded to the spatial resolution of 20m.Pulsed light is put by the first pulse
During big device amplifies and the first wave filter suppresses to transport to sensing device through its 2 port by the 1 port coupling of circulator after noise
I.e. in access optical cable.The second arteries and veins is coupled into again through the port transmission of circulator 2 to 3 ports from the optical signal that sensing device is reflected
Amplifier amplification is rushed, and the second pulse amplifier is filtered out by the second wave filter and amplify the noise for producing and the pump not run out of
After the scattering light that Pu light is produced in sensor fibre, detector of the feeding with adjustable gain and filter function.Data collecting card
The output electric signal of detector is gathered, and to be sent into and carry out data processing in signal processing apparatus.Data collecting card is also sent out by waveform
Raw device synchronization triggering collection, waveform generator is controlled by independent software.In signal processing apparatus, because detector is received
The signal to noise ratio of the Rayleigh scattering optical signal that each moment reflects is 20dB, and accumulator pair is first passed around using FPGA development boards
Signal synchronizes superposition according to the cycle, and using the correlation and the uncorrelated characteristic of noise of signal, signal to noise ratio is improved nearly
5dB, effectively enhancing signal intensity and suppression noise, improve system signal noise ratio；Again by slide-window integrator to the signal after superposition
Pre-processed, eliminated part out-of-band noise, signal to noise ratio is improved 13dB, further lifting system signal to noise ratio；Eventually pass three
Rank cumulant arithmetic unit, most of in-band noise is filtered out, and signal is substantially protruded, and signal to noise ratio improves 2dB again, and system signal noise ratio shows
Write lifting.By processing collection signal, vibrated by rail wheeling action in certain position on whole sensing device so as to be got
Time-frequency domain information included in signal.
In the present embodiment, accumulator is first passed around using FPGA development boards superposition is synchronized according to the cycle to signal, profit
With the correlation and the uncorrelated characteristic of noise of signal, effectively enhancing signal intensity and suppression noise, system signal noise ratio is improved；Again
The signal after superposition is pre-processed by slide-window integrator, eliminates part out-of-band noise, further lifting system noise
Than；Third-order cumulants arithmetic unit is eventually passed, most of in-band noise is filtered out, and signal is substantially protruded, and system signal noise ratio is notable
Lifting.
By being isolated in the rear orientation light that light transmitting and receiving module is received, the backward of each section of optical fiber can will be belonged to
Scattered light signal is separated and is further processed.Using prior art, the number for receiving is processed within a processor
According to, and the superposed signal by receiving, the relevant information of vibration signal direction and size can be extracted.Because eliminating
Noise, the superposed signal for receiving embodies the present invention relative to not using the distributed sensing system of Signal averaging in signal to noise ratio
On lifting.It has been found that the noise that the distributed vibration sensing system for relying on Rayleigh scattering effect is produced similar to making an uproar at random
Sound, it can be eliminated using superimposing technique.By processing the statistical noise of distributed vibration sensing system, the present invention will be with more
High s/n ratio analyzes Wheel Rail Vibration useful signal.
The overall length of optical cable can be from several meters to tens of kms, can be with a distance from light source to the optical cable farthest from light source from
Several meters are arrived tens of kms.Optical cable 2 is the vibration signal for being used to sense extraneous vibration source, and it carries Wheel Rail Vibration useful signal
Relevant information.
In sum, the Wheel Rail Vibration useful signal for being received by analyzing and processing, the present invention can be damaged rail, be broken
The position split is used for quickly detecting and is accurately positioned.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of distributed vibration sensing system, including light source, acousto-optic modulator, waveform generator, 2 pulse amplifiers, 2
Wave filter, circulator, detector, data collecting card, signal processing apparatus and sensing device composition, it is characterised in that：
The relevant narrow linewidth continuous light of light source output of the height of centre wavelength 1550nm, pulsed light, acousto-optic are modulated to through acousto-optic modulator
Modulator is driven by waveform generator；
The pulsed light of acousto-optic modulator output after the first pulse amplifier amplifies and the first wave filter suppresses noise, leads to successively
The 1 port coupling for crossing circulator transports to sensing device through its 2 port；
The optical signal reflected from sensing device is through the port transmission of circulator 2 to 3 ports, then is coupled into the second pulse amplifier
Amplify, then the second pulse amplifier is filtered out by the second wave filter and amplify the noise for producing and the pump light not run out of in biography
After the scattering light produced in induction device, detector of the feeding with adjustable gain and filter function；
The electric signal of data collecting card collection detector output, and to send into and carry out data processing in signal processing apparatus；Data are adopted
Truck is controlled by waveform generator synchronization triggering collection, waveform generator by independent software；
Signal processing apparatus, the signal to gathering is processed to get in sensing device, and diverse location is subject on sensing optic cable
Time-frequency domain information included in the vibration signal of external force effect；
The sensing device is made up of access optical cable, sensing optic cable；Access optical cable realizes the light letter between circulator and sensing optic cable
Number transmission；Sensing optic cable is a multifiber cable, many parallel fiber cores is included in multifiber cable, between many parallel fiber cores
By the way of adjacent fibre core head and the tail are connected, many fibre core keeping parallelism distributions under optical cable skeletal support, fibre core number is 2~8
Core.
2. distributed vibration sensing system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The signal processing apparatus, using FPGA
Development board first passes around accumulator and synchronizes superposition according to the cycle to signal, improves system signal noise ratio；Accumulated by sliding window again
Device is pre-processed to the signal after superposition, removes part out-of-band noise, further lifting system signal to noise ratio；Eventually pass three ranks
Cumulant arithmetic unit filters in-band noise.
3. the application of distributed vibration sensing system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：By the sensing optic cable of sensing device
Arrange that the treatment by signal processing apparatus to collection signal is taken turns to get diverse location on optical fiber along high ferro wheel track
Time-frequency domain information included in the vibration signal of rail effect, so as to realize the quick detection to rail structure damage, breakaway poing
Be accurately positioned.
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| CN107478319A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of optical fiber sensing system for oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring |
| CN107678011A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-09 | 天津大学 | A kind of real-time upload process method of all-wave graphic data applied to laser measurement system |
| CN108595386A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-28 | 长沙理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber vibration measurement method and device based on Higher Order Cumulants analysis |
| CN108663435A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-10-16 | 武汉光谷航天三江激光产业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of distributed acoustic wave train wheel rail detection device and method |
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| CN109632076A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 电子科技大学 | The amplification system and method for long-distance optical fiber distribution sound wave sensing |
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| CN106197649A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 北京众成探知信息技术有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber distributed type pipe vibration signal detecting method based on multifiber cable |
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| CN106197649A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 北京众成探知信息技术有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber distributed type pipe vibration signal detecting method based on multifiber cable |
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| CN107478319A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of optical fiber sensing system for oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring |
| CN107678011B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-08-18 | 天津大学 | Full waveform data real-time uploading processing method applied to laser measurement system |
| CN107678011A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-09 | 天津大学 | A kind of real-time upload process method of all-wave graphic data applied to laser measurement system |
| CN108663435A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-10-16 | 武汉光谷航天三江激光产业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of distributed acoustic wave train wheel rail detection device and method |
| CN108595386A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-28 | 长沙理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber vibration measurement method and device based on Higher Order Cumulants analysis |
| CN108732614A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-02 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of online railway monitoring system and method based on distributed acoustic sensor |
| CN108732614B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-09-24 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of online railway monitoring system and method based on distributed acoustic sensor |
| CN109632076A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 电子科技大学 | The amplification system and method for long-distance optical fiber distribution sound wave sensing |
| CN110132397A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-16 | 南京大学 | A method of reducing dead zone probability in the Φ-OTDR system based on space division multiplexing |
| CN110595599A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-12-20 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Method for reducing polarization fading of optical fiber vibration system and detection system applying same |
| WO2021036580A1 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | 之江实验室 | Distributed hydrophone based on ultra strong bending-resistant flexible optical cable containing multi-core optical fiber |
| CN110723171A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-24 | 中国人民武装警察部队海警学院 | High-speed rail security system and application |
| CN111157103A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-15 | 国网山西省电力公司太原供电公司 | Well lid monitoring system and method based on optical cable vibration conduction |
| CN111192424A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-22 | 国网山西省电力公司太原供电公司 | Optical cable intrusion monitoring system and method based on optical fiber sensing technology |
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