CN101600846A - 用于包括弯曲窗玻璃的隔热玻璃窗元件的间隔框架 - Google Patents
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Abstract
隔热玻璃窗元件(1)包括至少一块弯曲的刚性窗玻璃(2)、另一刚性窗玻璃(3)和间隔框架(4)，该间隔框架(4)利用密封的粘合剂将两块窗玻璃(2，3)彼此接合，在窗玻璃(2，3)之间形成缝隙，在弯曲的刚性窗玻璃(2)与另一刚性窗玻璃(3)之间的接合区域中，当沿着框架的纵向延伸部分的方向观察时，框架(4)在其长度上具有可变的横截面，根据本发明，该间隔框架(4)至少在前述区域中由弹性体材料构成，当两块刚性窗玻璃(2，3)相互按压在一起时，该弹性体材料塑性地变形。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括弯曲的窗玻璃的隔热玻璃窗(vitrage)元件，该隔热玻璃窗元件具有如权利要求1的前序部分所述的特点。
背景技术
对于“隔热玻璃窗元件”，在本发明的情况下，应被理解为由至少两块刚性窗玻璃和一个间隔框架形成的平坦元件，该间隔框架将这两块窗玻璃接合在一起。间隔框架利用薄粘合剂层连接到窗玻璃的内面上。朝向彼此的刚性窗玻璃的两个主面和间隔框架在窗玻璃之间限定空隙，按照通常的规则，此空隙以密闭的方式隔绝空气和水分。对于“刚性”，在本文中指与较软材料相比由玻璃或塑料制成的窗玻璃的相对刚性。
出于本文所描述的本发明的目的，考虑由玻璃和塑料制成的刚性窗玻璃，它们也可为呈复合形式的单体形式(利用粘合剂层或片通过表面粘结而彼此接合的至少两块刚性窗玻璃)。而且，也可以使用预应力窗玻璃，以及部分预应力或不加预应力的窗玻璃。
文献EP 0 921 260 B1公开了这样的隔热玻璃窗，其具有平坦的刚性窗玻璃和圆柱形的弯曲的刚性窗玻璃。在相对高曲率的区域中，此玻璃窗元件的呈中空型材形态的间隔框架配有突出的肋状物，该突出的肋状物必须填充平直的中空型材与弯曲的窗玻璃之间的月牙形缝隙。间隔框架的这种特殊构造相对复杂且因此较为昂贵。
通过文献EP 1 657 396 A2，已知一种具有呈圆柱形的弯曲窗玻璃的隔热玻璃窗元件，该隔热玻璃窗元件的间隔框架由在前述弯曲区域中的例如由玻璃制成的实心型材段构成。
中空型材的间隔框架大部分时间里填充有干燥剂，干燥剂在某种程度上从窗玻璃之间的缝隙提取所有残留水分以及随后渗透到其内的任何水分。通过此方式，只要不出现外部损坏(例如，窗玻璃破碎，间隔框架与窗玻璃之间的脱粘)，即持久地防止在窗玻璃上的内部蒸汽沉积。
同样，文献DE 203 04 806 U1特别描述了具有呈圆柱形的弯曲刚性窗玻璃的隔热玻璃窗元件，其中两块窗玻璃可具有不同的曲率半径。但是，此文献并未提及在此弯曲区域中实现间隔框架的主题。
用可挤压的弹性体材料，必要时用热塑性弹性体材料制造用于隔热玻璃窗元件的间隔框架是众所周知的。其目的尤其在于最小化由隔热玻璃窗的边缘区域中的热传导所进行的传热(“具有热边缘”的隔热玻璃窗)。但是这些弹性间隔框架还强加了其它措施，以使它们对水蒸气扩散的密闭性可以与金属间隔框架的值相当。仅弹性体材料是不够的。因此，大部分弹性体间隔框架还包括附加的金属嵌入件，这些金属嵌入件在外部镀有金属或者带有薄膜。也已知在窗玻璃之间的缝隙中使这些材料与水分干燥剂混合。
文献EP 0 875 654 A1描述了由弹性体材料制成的中空型材的间隔框架，弹性材料的机械强度由于结合了玻璃纤维而增加。
文献EP 1 195 497 A2描述了具有弹性体间隔框架的隔热玻璃窗元件的制造，弹性体间隔框架也可在其沉积(挤压)在其中一块刚性窗玻璃上之后塑性变形。为了无需首先在间隔框架中提供开口而使在放置第二窗玻璃期间由于压缩间隔框架而移动的空气能够流出，根据此描述，间隔框架首先在一侧上比其实际需要更强烈地压缩，直到窗玻璃不再放置于此相对侧上。然后将窗玻璃置于间隔框架的此相对侧上，且间隔框架被压缩到其设定厚度。在此情况下，且就在封闭最后一个缝隙之前，使仍封闭的空气多次移动。在最后的步骤，最初被更强烈地压缩的间隔框架的侧部被展开至其“设定厚度”。但是，此文献并不涉及制造这种隔热玻璃窗元件中的弯曲窗玻璃。
另外，从文献30 02 904 A1以及商标“实维高胶条(Swiggle Strip)”已知一种弹性体材料，其具有柔性金属嵌入件，例如用于隔热玻璃窗元件的间隔框架。根据由网址http://www.bentglassdesign.com/glasstypes.html(2007年1月的状态)所提供的信息，这种材料也适合于用来接合沿隔热玻璃窗元件的相同方向弯曲的两块刚性窗玻璃。在此处所示的弯曲玻璃窗元件中，即使是在弯曲区域中，窗玻璃之间的距离也都是相同的。
基于本发明的问题在于如何提供另一种隔热玻璃窗元件，其包括至少一个弯曲的窗玻璃和间隔框架，该间隔框架在窗玻璃的弯曲区域中沿着其纵向延伸部分考虑具有可变的横截面。
发明内容
根据本发明，通过权利要求1的特征部分解决了此问题。从属权利要求的特征提供了本发明的有利实施例。
从包括弯曲刚性窗玻璃的已知隔热玻璃窗元件开始，根据本发明通过按压弯曲窗玻璃时所强加的间隔框架的材料的塑性变形来获得间隔框架的曲率。在成品上注意到，由于移动的材料，间隔框架具有局部加厚部分，自然其在变形最大的区域中比在最大弧高度的区域中更厚。在窗玻璃之间的缝隙外部，可视情况移除/消除加厚部分。除此之外，可通过布置外部或辅助(多硫化物精整)密封剂，从而以已知方式来对它们进行遮蔽。
必要时在进行了也在下文将进一步描述的某些修改之后，在文献DE 30 02 904 A1中所描述的材料非常适合于根据本发明的应用的情况。当然，也可采用其它类似材料来补偿曲率差异，只要它们具有必需的塑性变形能力。当然在此文献中绝没有提及必须首先被加热来变形的热塑性材料，或者仅可在定位操作后仍然热的状态下变形的热塑性材料。能在环境温度下持久塑性变形的材料原则上也是一样的，只要它们具有隔热复合物所必需的强度值和到刚性窗玻璃面上的足够的粘附力。
尽管优选应用为弯曲窗玻璃与平坦窗玻璃的组合，但根据本发明，不同曲率的两块窗玻璃也可通过使用在不同曲率区域中弹性体间隔框架的补偿能力而接合在一起。
当然，本发明不仅可应用于圆柱形的弯曲窗玻璃，而且在该空间中也可应用直至弯曲窗玻璃的边缘，其中因而存在超过两个弯曲侧边缘以与间隔框架接合。在此情况下，利用在各弯曲边缘处的间隔框架材料的变形能力，其中必须补偿窗玻璃对之间不同的弯曲和不同的曲率。
当实施本发明时，对于非弯曲边缘上和弯曲区域中的边缘上的间隔框架使用不同的基础高度可能是有用的，也就是说，用例如总共四个段(两对不同的段)形成该间隔框架。在弯曲区域中，将使用具有所需压缩体积的更宽的实施例，而在非弯曲区域，该型材可更窄。这具有以下优点：在纵向边缘上无须同样强烈地压缩材料。因此，可实现更大的弧形高度。
但是，此实施例的缺点是：在每个拐角存在必须被密封的焊接或接合点。
在这样的实施例中，也能用常规材料制造间隔框架段，包括常用的金属间隔框架，其中无需曲率。甚至也能构想用常规金属型材来制造整个间隔框架，且仅在弯曲区域中提供具有能补偿曲率的可塑性变形的材料层。此处的意图不在于补偿窗玻璃的小的不平(当然，利用间隔框架与窗玻璃表面之间的正常粘合剂材料，该不平也可能处于较小的程度)，而是专用于补偿具有数毫米的弧高度的曲率差异。
而且，根据曲率高度，也对预弯曲窗玻璃或平坦窗玻璃实施本发明，其中仅在压缩间隔框架期间在其弹性变形能力的范围内施加曲率。也可借助间隔框架的强粘附在成品中维持这种“冷弯曲”，只要间隔框架的材料具有形状稳定性和足够的长期抗蠕变性。
最后，可以本身已知的方式将电气和/或电子功能元件结合或集成到这种隔热玻璃窗元件内。如果它们不可安装于其中一个外面上或者如果不希望将它们安装于其中一个外面上，则它们也可位于窗玻璃之间的缝隙内以及用作刚性窗玻璃的层状窗玻璃内。举例而言，此处可设想功能元件，诸如电致变色或电致发光屏、灯、显示屏、太阳能电池、传感器和指示器、加热元件和/或天线。同样，非电气元件，诸如热致变色或光致变色表面元件，诸如天然透明和/或不透明的涂层，特别是热障和/或滤光器和/或滤色器，也可与根据本发明的隔热玻璃窗元件组合。
除了用于车辆中和建筑物中之外，本文所述类型的隔热玻璃窗元件也适合于多种用途。例如，这些隔热玻璃窗元件可用于车窗，例如公交车中，且此处优选地用于从侧窗到顶板的通道区域中。然后将弯曲窗玻璃置于外部且适合外部轮廓。平坦的或者不同地弯曲的内部窗玻璃可提供附加的功能元件，例如表面灯或者其它附加装置。
通过示范性实施例的附图和后面的详细描述，本发明的主题的其它细节和优点将会变得显而易见。
附图说明
附图为无特定比例的示意性图示，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明所形成的隔热玻璃窗元件的视图；
图2是沿着图1中所示的剖面线II-II所截取的同一隔热玻璃窗元件的剖视图；
图3示出根据图1和图2的用于隔热玻璃窗元件的间隔框架的段的两个视图；以及
图4是在将弯曲刚性窗玻璃置于所制备的间隔框架上之前根据本发明的隔热玻璃窗元件的分解图示。
具体实施方式
在图1中可看到隔热玻璃窗元件1的平面图，该隔热玻璃窗元件1包括上弯曲刚性窗玻璃2和下平坦刚性窗玻璃3。在本文所讨论的实施例中，平坦窗玻璃超出弯曲窗玻璃2的轮廓若干厘米，以形成台阶式隔热玻璃窗元件。
在上窗玻璃2的下方示出了间隔框架4的轮廓，该轮廓在隔热玻璃窗元件1的整个周围沿外围延伸，且与两块刚性窗玻璃2和3的主内面一起限定不透空气和水分的窗玻璃之间的缝隙。
标记5表示天然不透明有色层的内边缘，其以框架的形式沉积于一块或两块刚性窗玻璃2/3的内面上，且包围隔热玻璃窗元件的透明的实际视场。此有色层一方面以本身已知的方式用于在视觉上遮蔽弹性体间隔框架4以及其与两块刚性窗玻璃的粘合连接，而另一方面用于保护弹性体材料和粘合剂层或带免受紫外线辐射，以及由于长时间所造成的脆化/粘性损失。
由于间隔框架的可见性，在图示中不透明有色层并非不透明的。此外，该不透明有色层也可延伸超过窗玻璃3一侧上的突出边缘。
在图1中窗玻璃2的曲率是不可见的，因为其在与观察方向相反的方向上上升，且因此在附图平面之外。
在图2中示出了沿着图1的线II-II所截取的截面图，图示了在弯曲区域中的间隔框架4的形状和构造。在窗玻璃的边缘相互平行的(纵向棱边)玻璃窗元件周边的其余部分中，间隔框架简单地是直的且具有恒定截面。如已经提到的那样，此处也可用常规金属型材框架段形成间隔框架。
将会强调的是，根据弦长，在弯曲区域中弦上方的弧高度(此处沿着隔热玻璃窗元件的短侧边)可在数毫米的范围内(在＞0与大约6mm之间)。作为实例，对于玻璃厚度为4mm的大约300mm的弦可提及大约2000mm的曲率半径。这导致弦上方大约5.5mm的最大弧高度。
在图2中，也可以看到，一方面间隔框架4由在图1中不可见的金属嵌入件4M加强。此嵌入件4M具有恒定截面。用于间隔框架4的原材料以挤压(例如，共挤压)型材的形式连续制造且被切割成所希望的长度。在此情况下，充分封闭型材段之间的粘结点并不特别困难，因为材料是可高度塑性变形的，且对常用填充、密封和粘结材料具有良好的粘附性。
不管怎样，在此图示中，拐角区位于间隔框架4的可见段的两侧，可通过材料的弯曲而没有任何困难地形成。如通过与图1的比较可以看出，在隔热玻璃窗元件的纵向侧的直框架段接合到这些拐角区，其中直框架段的截面是不变的。
在图2中也可看出，间隔框架4相对于两块窗玻璃2和3的外边缘在外围略微向内缩进。在完成间隔框架与刚性窗玻璃之间的粘结后，以本身已知的方式将聚硫化物辅助密封剂(此处未图示)置于存在的外围凹槽中，密封剂优选地完全填充所述凹槽。
最后可以看出，在此处所示的实施例中，金属嵌入件4M相对于间隔框架4的纵向延伸部分略微偏心。
在图3中利用翻到右面的立面图和截面图以更大的比例示出。显然，这种布置不是制造根据本发明的隔热玻璃窗元件绝对必要的，而使用常规对称型材也可以工作，只要在嵌入件侧部存在足够的可移动的弹性体材料。
通过在介绍中所提到的文献DE 30 02 904 A1已知此间隔框架的基本实施例。在本文中提供了另一变型，其中金属嵌入件4M朝向一侧开放，或者换言之，其埋入在一侧的开放通道中的弹性体材料中。在装好的状态下，通道的开口位于外部，因而位于与窗玻璃之间的缝隙相对的侧上，所以对观察者是不可见的。在转向窗玻璃之间缝隙的一侧，间隔框架呈现闭合的单一图形。
在金属嵌入件4M的横向延伸方向上，在弯曲窗玻璃2与平坦窗玻璃3之间，间隔框架4从初始状态(例如在图3中示出)和从变形状态在纵向方向上以可变横截面(在图3中由虚曲线示出，其在可能的弧的视角显著缩短)发生压缩，金属嵌入件4M本质是平坦的，但轻微起伏以便于变形(挠曲)。因此，其宽度必须总是小于两块刚性窗玻璃2/3之间的最小距离，使得金属不会与窗玻璃面形成接触。
用于金属嵌入件4M的形成于间隔框架的弹性体材料中的通道的单向开口便于对于横截面变化而言所必需的弹性体材料的移动。一方面，其在压缩状态下朝向侧面(因此，间隔框架在那里必须稍微更厚)流动，但也可在最初开口的通道中移动并部分地或完全地填充通道。若需要，在热沉积后仍处于热状态时使间隔框架的弹性体材料变形，或者如果在常用温度(环境温度)下不足以塑性变形，加热该材料以进行此变形操作。
图4是分解图示，其以举例说明的方式以镂空图(dessin évidé)的形式示出在将弯曲窗玻璃2放置就位之前构成根据本发明的隔热玻璃窗元件1所需的各个部件。弯曲窗玻璃2在其被放置就位之前已具有弯曲的基本形状。其还具备有色边框层，有色边框层实际上是不透明的，如在图1中一样仅由其内边5表示。间隔件型材的四个段沿着其外边缘放置到平坦窗玻璃3上且稍微向内缩进，每个段包括两个区段4.1和4.2。可清楚地看到适应窗玻璃2的弯曲边的区段4.2高于沿着隔热玻璃窗元件1的直纵向边的区段4.1。在区段4.2中绘出虚线4A，虚线4A再现了弯曲窗玻璃的边缘的弧，且因此也再现了在将弯曲窗玻璃放置就位并按压后这些区段4.2的轮廓。
在图2中图示且在图4中示出了弯曲窗玻璃2的变形状态，可以各种方式来实现该变形状态。按照一般规则，将圆柱形的预弯曲窗玻璃2放置于已经置于平坦窗玻璃3上的间隔框架上，并朝向平坦窗玻璃3按压(纵向)边缘，必要时分多步进行，直到窗玻璃2的弯曲弧的最高部分也通过粘结而牢固地接合到间隔框架4上。同样在此最高区域中，因而通过压缩弹性体材料通过安全系数而造成至少一个微小的变形。在此操作期间，预弯曲窗玻璃2不一定仍进一步变形，除了可能在弹性变形的区域中之外，需要时可能在此处设有用于整个弧的表面支承物以避免破碎。
但是，当窗玻璃材料不大厚时，弯曲窗玻璃2也可能从最初的平坦形状开始，通过类似的按压操作，在其弹性变形能力范围内冷变形。对于这种初始形状，如果仅对(纵向)边缘加载，将强行形成由于待变形的间隔框架4的反应所造成的窗玻璃的曲率。此外，可通过弯曲区域中的中央支承物(其在外围凹槽区域中两块刚性窗玻璃的内面之间有效)，或者还通过平行于待变形的间隔框架暂时放置于两块刚性窗玻璃之间的弯曲模板来实现限定量的弧高度。
当然，也能设想两种方法的其它组合。举例而言，在按压操作期间，可使最初略微预弯曲的窗玻璃弹性地变成其最终的弯曲形状。这具有以下优点：作用于粘结的间隔框架上的恢复力不像窗玻璃从平坦状态向冷态变化的情况下那样高。
在间隔框架与刚性窗玻璃之间粘结在一起的组件最后固化、粘结等之后，以及弹性体材料自身凝固之后，弹性弯曲的窗玻璃将保持所希望的形状，而无需采取其它措施。这种处理方式本身对于弯曲层状窗玻璃也是已知的。
Claims (15)
1.一种隔热玻璃窗元件(1)，包括至少一块弯曲的刚性窗玻璃(2)、另一块刚性窗玻璃(3)和间隔框架(4)，该间隔框架(4)通过密封的粘合剂将两块窗玻璃彼此接合，在窗玻璃之间形成缝隙，在弯曲的刚性窗玻璃(2)与另一块刚性窗玻璃(3)之间的接合区域中，当沿着窗玻璃(2)的弯曲方向观察时，该框架在其长度上具有可变横截面，其特征在于，所述间隔框架(4)至少在前述弯曲区域中包括弹性体材料，当将弯曲的窗玻璃(2)与另一窗玻璃(3)相互按压在一起时，该弹性体材料塑性地变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，具有恒定宽度的金属嵌入件(4M)埋入所述间隔框架(4)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述间隔框架(4)由连续挤压型材制成，该型材具有最初恒定的横截面且仅具有单个焊接点。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述间隔框架(4)包括若干区段，其中，位于弯曲区域中的区段(4.2)具有的初始宽度大于不位于该弯曲区域中的区段(4.1)的初始宽度。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗元件包括弯曲的窗玻璃(2)和平坦的窗玻璃(3)，或者具有不同曲率的两块弯曲的窗玻璃，其中所述弹性体间隔框架(4)在后一种情况下补偿由于塑性变形所造成的曲率差异。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，通过按压所述弹性体材料和所述弹性体材料的移动而在弯曲区域中产生所述间隔框架(4)的可变横截面。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述弯曲的窗玻璃(2)在被按压到所述间隔框架(4)上之前是弯曲的，和/或通过在所述间隔框架(4)上按压而使所述弯曲的窗玻璃(2)弯曲到其最终形状。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，刚性窗玻璃(2，3)由玻璃或塑料制成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，刚性窗玻璃(2，3)由预应力玻璃或部分预应力玻璃或无预应力玻璃构成。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，至少一块刚性窗玻璃(2，3)是层状窗玻璃，该层状窗玻璃由通过表面粘附接合的两块玻璃和/或塑料制成的刚性窗玻璃构成。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗元件包括透明的视场，和/或在玻璃窗的表面中设有插入元件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗元件包含电功能元件，尤其是表面灯，太阳能电池，显示屏。
13.根据权利要求12所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述电功能元件位于窗玻璃之间的缝隙内。
14.根据权利要求10和12所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，所述电功能元件容纳于所述隔热玻璃窗元件的刚性窗玻璃之间的层状窗玻璃内。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔热玻璃窗元件，其特征在于，尤其由多硫化物制成的辅助密封剂在外部包围整个间隔框架(4)。
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- 2008-01-29 WO PCT/FR2008/050131 patent/WO2008107612A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-01-29 US US12/524,752 patent/US8375657B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0806926A2 (pt) | 2014-04-29 |
| US20100031590A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
| JP2010517907A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
| KR20090111832A (ko) | 2009-10-27 |
| EP2118423A2 (fr) | 2009-11-18 |
| US8375657B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
| WO2008107612A2 (fr) | 2008-09-12 |
| CN101600846B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
| WO2008107612A3 (fr) | 2008-12-18 |
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