CN101595063A - 生产低悬浮物溶液的系统和方法及其用途 - Google Patents

生产低悬浮物溶液的系统和方法及其用途 Download PDF

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CN101595063A
CN101595063A CNA2007800487237A CN200780048723A CN101595063A CN 101595063 A CN101595063 A CN 101595063A CN A2007800487237 A CNA2007800487237 A CN A2007800487237A CN 200780048723 A CN200780048723 A CN 200780048723A CN 101595063 A CN101595063 A CN 101595063A
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column extractor
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法雷尔·芒罗
罗兰·勒布朗
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SCALLOP SHELL POLLUTION SOLUTION Ltd
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Abstract

采用圆柱(10)生产含有低悬浮物溶液的系统和方法，该溶液通过圆柱(10)至少一次。圆柱(10)含有由至少具有相同直径的粉碎的软体动物贝壳(20，21)组成的填充固体。最终溶液有效用于清洁剂和消毒剂，还发现，对处理皮肤及其他身体疾病很有好处。而且，贝壳可以被粉碎并作为活性成分，用于制备具有治疗用途的药膏。

Description

生产低悬浮物溶液的系统和方法及其用途
技术领域
本发明通常涉及通过含有来自软体动物的粉碎贝壳的圆柱过滤溶液，生产低悬浮物溶液的系统和方法。更具体地说，本发明涉及制造具有净化、消毒和治疗性质的低悬浮物溶液的系统和方法。此外，本发明涉及制备具有医疗用途药膏的方法，其中该药膏部分地包括粉碎贝壳的成分。
背景技术
在全世界，作为渔业的工业废物来自于软体动物的贝壳。通常的做法是向海洋中倾倒贝壳废物。然而，贝壳已经有效地作为钙源和用于制备净化水的抗菌剂。已经表明，来自扇贝、牡蛎、蛤及其他软体动物的贝壳的粉末或者包含该粉末的溶液，具有抗菌和抗病毒的性质，以及作为水净化剂。还发现，把上述的粉末当作为防腐剂来杀菌的除臭剂和选定的医学用途时，更显示了其有益的性质。
贝壳粉的抗菌性质已被很好的证明和测试，例如，脚气治疗(dermathophytosis)(U.S.专利申请No.2004/0028748)，牙周病学(欧洲专利申请No.1676583)或者为了减轻由特异性皮炎病变、牛皮癣病变、和肾透渗析所引起的发炎(日本专利申请No.2004/256785)。贝壳粉还可以用于已被证明可以治疗由真菌繁殖所引起的足癣(脚气)的肥皂。
日本专利申请No.05-267807(Ueda等人)描述了通过在海底交叉地抛撒贝壳化石的粉末，来净化污水和河底以便净化污水，以及河底、湖、海域和湾的方法。
日本专利申请No.08-316935(Suzuki等人)描述了由锻烧后的贝壳制成的用于净化水的多孔材料。该材料已经被证明有效地净化水和可以有效地用于大规模的水净化。
Sasaya的日本专利申请No.11-328702公开了一种通过粉碎具有碳酸钙方解石型结构的晶体结构的扇贝的贝壳，制备的除臭剂。
美国专利号6,365,193和Sasaki等人的6,488,978公开了过烧的贝壳可以被用作抗菌剂和水净化剂。Sasaki等人公开了在惰性气体的气氛中加热贝壳和煅烧贝壳。特别地，通过在惰性气体气氛下煅烧来自蛤蜊贝壳的粉末制备该抗菌剂，该粉末可以轻易地溶于水中，尤其是温水，并作为抗菌溶液。
上述贝壳的应用表明了，可以被开发的贝壳性质的广阔应用领域寄予贝壳材料的新用途的更进一步的发展，是期望和需要控制和减少每年产生大量的贝壳废料。
上述申请的大部分，都需要利用从软体动物的贝壳获得的粉末或者在高温和特殊条件下热处理，二者都因此需要昂贵的设备和复杂的准备过程才能得以实施。此外，还发现，当粉末溶于水时，随着时间的推移粉末倾向于失去其活性。
发明内容
本发明的一个目标是提供一种简单的方法来得到低悬浮物贝壳萃取物，主要包含对人体安全和对环境无害的钙。所述低悬浮贝壳萃取物继承了贝壳的抗菌性质，和作为此前指出的可以有效地用作清洁剂和消毒剂或者用于皮肤病的治疗。合成的溶液还可以用作液体或者与合适的载体一起混在混合物中，以便提供固体或者胶粘剂成分。
此外，本发明的系统和方法是简单的，在大工业规模提纯和净化污染水的应用上，比较经济合算。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种除去溶液中悬浮物的方法，包括重复地通过放置有粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒的过滤/萃取柱，来过滤溶液。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种除去溶液中悬浮物的装置，包括过滤/萃取柱；一个位于该过滤/萃取柱一端的液体进口；和一个位于其另一端的液体出口，其中，过滤/萃取柱放置有粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒。
根据本发明的更进一步的方面，提供一种除去溶液中悬浮物的设备。该设备可包括过滤/萃取柱；一个位于该过滤/萃取柱一端的液体进口；和一个位于过滤/萃取柱另一端的液体出口，其中，该过滤/萃取柱放置有为了除去上述的悬浮物有效地装配的粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒。
根据本发明优选的方面，提供一种包括两个串列布置的过滤/萃取柱的设备，其中，第一个过滤/萃取柱放置有粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒，并且第二过滤/萃取柱放置有预先涂有氧化铁或者赤铁矿的粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒。
根据本发明的再一个方面，提供一种依据如上所述方法生产的低悬浮物溶液。
根据本发明的更进一步的方面，提供一种低悬浮物溶液用于治疗皮肤病，其中，该溶液预先与载体结合，例如优塞林或者凡士林。
本发明的另一个目标追求提供一种清洁剂组成，含有低悬浮物溶液本身或者该溶液和氢氧化钠(NaOH)按重量计以0.4％的比率混合。该重量因数可以由本领域技术人员在保持净化效率的同时决定其变化。
附图说明
本发明的上述及其他特征参考附图将变得更直观，其中：
图1示出了萃取柱的剖视图，包括一进口，一出口，和一个放置部件；
图2a是萃取柱上半部的分解剖视图，示出了空柱装备；
图2b是萃取柱上半部的分解剖视图，示出了填满装填成分的圆柱；
图3是萃取柱下半部的分解剖视图，示出了空柱装备；
图4示出了包括两个串列布置的萃取柱设备的剖视图；
图5示出了测量的贝壳萃取后，随着曝置时间变化的混浊度；和
图6示出了测量的贝壳萃取后，随着曝置时间变化的钙增加值。
具体实施方式
以下描述通过例子仅仅给出了本发明一个可能的优选实施方式。
图1，示出了过滤/萃取柱(10)，包括一进口(11)，一出口(13)，两个筛(14)，和一个放置部件(12)。该放置部件(12)限定了一个通道(12a)，其可以充满粉碎的软体动物贝壳。
图2a示出了过滤/萃取柱(10)的上半部的部件分解图，包括顶盖(16)，一个拧入式的塞子(15)和一个置于塞子(15)中的出口(13)。筛子(14)可以置于放置部件(12)的上部，以便在过滤/萃取柱(10)中容纳粉碎的软体动物贝壳。顶盖(16)备有一个内部凸缘(17)的顶盖，以便筛子(14)连接到该放置部件。一个可互换的密封件(18)，例如硅，可用于抑制圆柱的泄漏。
图2b，示出了萃取柱的下半部的部件分解图，包括底盖(16)，塞子(15)和一置于塞子(15)中的进口(11)。底盖还可以备有内部凸缘(17)的顶盖，以便筛子(14)连接到放置部件(12)，使得在过滤/萃取柱中容纳粉碎的软体动物贝壳。进口(11)设计成连接到用于向圆柱泵入溶剂的塑料阀门和泵上。可采用可互换的硅密封件(18)，以避免圆柱的泄漏。
图3，示出了过滤/萃取柱(10)，包括一进口(11)，一出口(13)，顶部和底部相同的筛子(14)，和放置部件(12)。该放置部件(12)包含粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒，颗粒可能是相同的或者不同的尺寸。在图3所示的一个实施方式中，该放置部件包括在其底部具有直径在0.5和1mm之间的粉碎的贝壳颗粒(20)，和直径在3到4mm之间的粉碎的贝壳颗粒(21)。然而，粉碎的软体动物贝壳可以包含大约相等的颗粒尺寸，和/或根据过滤/萃取柱所需在一个或多个区域沿着该通道分布的颗粒尺寸。该区域定义为包含大致相同直径的粉碎的贝壳颗粒。该圆柱用粉碎的贝壳颗粒装填，可以根据所需梯度按照规则分布或者不规则分布。在粉碎前，贝壳可以在约300℃的温度下热处理约1.5分钟。
图4，示出了根据本发明的设备(1)的剖视图，包括至少两个串列布置的过滤/萃取柱(2，3)。在两个圆柱设备(1)中，过滤/萃取柱线性地布置，以便第一个圆柱(2)的出口(13)和第二圆柱(3)的进口(11)通过导管(23)相连接。第一个圆柱(2)的放置部件(12)可以在底部容纳颗粒尺寸直径在0.5和1mm之间的粉碎的贝壳颗粒(20)，和其后直径在3和4mm之间的粉碎的贝壳颗粒(21)。第二个圆柱(3)的放置部件(12)可以容纳涂有氧化铁或者赤铁矿(24)的粉碎的贝壳颗粒。人们普遍相信，通过减少流过设备(1)水中的金属含量，用氧化铁或者赤铁矿涂层的粉碎的贝壳颗粒，可以本质上提高过滤/萃取柱的水净化性质。对流过过滤/萃取柱设备(1)的水的分析表明，在污染水中的铝和砷含量几乎为零。
在本发明的实践中，贝壳直接地征收自空闲的渔船并且放进运输箱。随后，贝壳通过具有金属丝刷的电钻清洁，并且彻底地用水在高压下清洗，以确保有效的提纯。提纯和清洗步骤可以继之以冷却步骤，其中，贝壳在金属丝架上放置恰当的所需时间，以便冷却贝壳到室温。在下一步骤中，贝壳被压成1、2、3和4mm直径的颗粒。大致相同直径或者不同直径混合的颗粒可以用在根据本发明的过滤/萃取柱中。
清洁剂的效率取决于若干因素，包括溶剂的pH和形成萃取柱装填成分的粉碎贝壳的粒径。通过蒸馏水流过过滤/萃取柱(10)，任何人可以控制，在其它的参数中，混浊度、钙含量，和悬浮物的萃取。流经次数和水流量决定清洁剂的性质，包括它的提纯效率。已经证明，粉碎贝壳的粒径与清洁剂的效率成反比。例如，优选粉碎贝壳的粒径在0.5和4mm之间，更优选在0.5和2mm之间，以便生产出具有清洁剂效率的低悬浮物溶液。
图5，示出了以下详述的实验1测定的混浊度与曝置时间之间的关系。人们注意到，测量的溶液的混浊度随着其在过滤/萃取柱经受的曝置时间而减少。混浊度在溶剂分别通过萃取柱之后测定。在12小时的曝置时间之后，贝壳萃取物的测量的混浊度大约2.2NTU。上述混浊度的测量与贝壳萃取物分别通过之后的悬浮物的量的测量有关。因此，如实验1中的表1所示，随着时间流逝，在溶剂第一次流过过滤/萃取柱12小时之后，悬浮物的数值从6mg/L减少到大约0mg/L。
图6示出了在水分别流过萃取柱之后，对照曝置时间测量的钙值。最后的贝壳萃取物含有比起始溶剂高大致121倍的钙。优选的是，贝壳萃取物的钙含量高于14mg/L，更优选是高于20mg/L。其它的因素可以影响清洁剂效率的是pH和贝壳萃取物的混浊度。为了最优化提纯产物，贝壳萃取物的pH应该在8.0和9.7之间，并且混浊度应该小于6NTU。
实验1
萃取柱(10)是如图1所示的各自末端带有两个顶盖封闭的直径6英寸、长4英尺的聚氯乙烯管构成。顶盖用3/4英寸塑料管向其连接有一90°的拧入式的弯头。根据本发明的顶盖和与其连接的塑料管表示为出口(13)。
根据本发明的结构的底盖，在顶盖塞子中具有直的拧入式的接头和与其相连的塑料管，表示为进口(11)。一个12V、360加仑/小时的泵与圆柱的进口相连，用来泵送蒸馏水通过圆柱。圆柱的顶部和底部除了底部顶盖用一个3/4接头和一个3/4塑料管连接到塑料阀门和一个12V的泵之外，以同样的方式设计。如图1所示的两个筛子(14)用来将粉碎的扇贝壳保持在通道(12a)内部。
粉碎贝壳的成分由直径0.5和1毫米的扇贝壳颗粒混合物组成。较小颗粒的质量是大约10kg，圆柱在上盖筛子(14)的两英寸之内被充满。圆柱的其余部分被较大直径3和4mm的颗粒充满。
在蒸馏水第一次流过之后，贝壳萃取物具有高的悬浮物浓度。发现该悬浮物浓度随着曝置时间而减少。表1显示通过Hach Company DR-2400分光计测量的溶液中的悬浮物浓度。测定悬浮物的方法是简单的，直接测量的，其不需过滤或者灼烧/称重步骤作为重量分析步骤。虽然USEPA规定重量分析法作为固相测定，该方法经常被用来验收内部的程序。测验结果测量于810纳米。该方法在Hach水分析手册中，8006程序963页有案可查。
测量悬浮物浓度的光谱测定方法的精度与如Hach水分析手册、8271程序，947页所述的重量分析法相对比。铝盘的质量用Scientech 120测量到最小1毫克。现场取出来自溶液100毫升样品，并投入该铝盘。盛有样品的盘置于预热的烘箱中，并且在103-105℃蒸发大约六小时。随后，从烘箱中取出该盘并在干燥器中冷却到室温。盛有样品的盘随后从干燥器中取出，并用Scientech 120分析天平测量质量到最小0.1毫克。这是样品的第一次质量测量。盘和样品被再次放进预热的烘箱中一小时，直到产物的质量测量相差不超过0.4毫克。用和下面表2一样的方法完成的第二次质量测量，显示了用重量分析法测量的溶液中的悬浮物浓度。
总固体分析
表2
  起始盘重(B)   第一次干燥重量(g)   第二次干燥重量(g)(A)   小于0.4mg的第一次和第二次重差   总固体mg/L
  盘1   8.1982   8.2109   8.2106   0.0003   0.124
  盘2   8.2245   8.2395   8.2393   0.0002   0.147
  盘3   8.31   8.3253   8.3250   0.0003   0.15
  盘4   8.2486   8.2620   8.2620   0.0000   0.144
  盘5   8.2659   8.2805   8.2806   0.0001   0.147
总固体计算
等式：
其中：
A＝(样品+盘子)的重量(mg)
B＝盘子的重量(mg)
产物的误差％
Figure A20078004872300112
其中：
Dh＝所得产物的最高的数据
Dl＝所得产物的最低的数据
实验2
如实验1(见图4)中所述的两个萃取柱结构。两个圆柱串列布置，第一个圆柱的出口直接地连接到第二个圆柱的进口。一个12V、360加仑/小时的泵与第一个圆柱的进口相连，用来泵送蒸馏水通过第一个和第二个圆柱。
第一个圆柱的装填成分由较小的0.5和1毫米直径的扇贝壳颗粒混合物组成。当圆柱上盖的筛子(14)下两个英寸充满时，较小颗粒的质量大约10公斤。圆柱的其余部分被如实验1所述的较大直径3和4毫米的颗粒充满。
第二圆柱的装填成分由涂有氧化铁或者赤铁矿(Fe2O3)的粉碎的扇贝壳颗粒组成。粉碎贝壳颗粒的氧化铁涂层可以用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法制备。本发明中扇贝壳的涂层的制备是，将贝壳在氧化铁或者赤铁矿中浸泡4小时，随后在200℃烘干贝壳和溶液4小时。贝壳随后用蒸馏水清洗，并在烘箱中200℃下干燥3小时。
被高含量铝和砷污染的水流过包括两个串列布置萃取柱的设备。现已发现，最终水溶液的铝和砷含量实际上已减少到0mg/L。
工业应用性
本发明提供一种生产低悬浮物溶液的系统和方法，其通过流经包含来自软体动物的粉碎的贝壳的圆柱过滤溶液。前述的系统和方法的应用产物是具有许多性质的溶液。尤其是，这种溶液可以有效地作为清洁剂和消毒剂供应，而且可以有效治疗多种皮肤病。更进一步的，本发明提供工业废料产品的应用，即在全世界来自渔业大量形成的软体动物贝壳。

Claims (18)

1、除去溶液中悬浮物的方法，包括通过放置有粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒(20，21)的过滤/萃取柱(10)重复地过滤该溶液。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中溶液是水。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒(20，21)在放入过滤/萃取柱(10)之前，在约100℃的温度下煮沸约15分钟。
4、根据权利要求1到3任一项所述的方法，其中粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒(20，21)在放入过滤/萃取柱(10)之前，在约300℃的温度下烘焙约15分钟。
5、除去溶液中悬浮物的装置，包括过滤/萃取柱(10)；位于过滤/萃取柱(10)一端的液体进口(11)；和位于过滤/萃取柱(10)另一端的液体出口(13)，其中过滤/萃取柱(10)放置了粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒(20，21)。
6、根据权利要求5所述的装置，进一步包括与过滤/萃取柱(10)一端可分离连接的靠近液体进口(11)的第一个筛子(14)和与过滤/萃取柱(10)相对端可分离连接的靠近液体出口(13)的第二个筛子(14)。
7.除去溶液中悬浮物的设备，包括根据权利要求5或6的为有效除去溶液中的悬浮物合理布置连接的许多装置。
8、根据权利要求7的设备，包括两个串列布置的过滤/萃取柱(10)，其中第一个过滤/萃取柱(10)放置了粉碎的软体动物贝壳颗粒(20，21)，并且第二个过滤/萃取柱(10)放置了预先涂有氧化铁或者赤铁矿(24)的软体动物贝壳颗粒。
9、根据权利要求1到4任一所述方法制备的溶液。
10、根据权利要求9所述的溶液，其中钙的浓度高于14mg/L。
11、根据权利要求9或10所述的溶液，其中钙的浓度高于20mg/L。
12、根据权利要求9到11任一所述的溶液，其中溶液的pH在8.0到9.7之间。
13、根据权利要求9到12任一所述的溶液，其中溶液的混浊度小于6NTU。
14、根据权利要求9到13任一所述的溶液，进一步包括符合上述溶液效果量的NaOH。
15、根据权利要求14所述的溶液，其中NaOH加到溶液中的量按重量计为0.4％。
16、根据权利要求9到13任一所述的溶液，进一步包括选自由优塞林和凡士林构成的组的载体。
17、根据权利要求9到15任一所述的溶液作为清洁剂的用途。
18、根据权利要求16所述溶液用于治疗皮肤病的用途。
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