CN101592459B - 防弹模制件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防弹模制件及其制造方法,其中,形成多个单层的叠层,每一单层包含单向取向的增强纤维以及至多30质量%的塑料基体材料,所述增强纤维为高度拉伸的聚乙烯纤维,并且每一单层中的纤维方向相对于相邻单层中的纤维方向旋转,所述叠层然后在大于25MPa的压力和125℃与150℃之间的温度下被压制,并且所述塑料基体材料具有至少3MPa的100%模量。
Description
本申请是申请日为2003年10月31日、名称为“制造防弹模制件的方法”的中国发明专利申请200380102430.4(PCT/NL2003/000755)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造防弹模制件的方法,其中,形成多个单层的叠层,每一单层包含单向取向的增强纤维以及至多30质量%的塑料基体材料,所述增强纤维为高度拉伸的聚乙烯纤维,并且每一单层中的纤维方向相对于相邻单层中的纤维方向旋转,该叠层然后在高温和给定的压力下被压制。
背景技术
这样的方法从EP 0833742A1中可知。EP 0833742A1公开了制造防弹模制件的方法,其中,由多层单层制成叠层,每一单层包含单向取向的增强纤维,以及至多30质量%的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物,所述增强纤维为高度拉伸的聚乙烯纤维,并且每一单层中的纤维方向相对于相邻单层中的纤维方向旋转,该叠层在115和125℃之间的温度下和至多16.5MPa的压力下被压制。因为防弹板或者设备通常被存储或者使用在高于周围环境的温度下,例如当用于车辆时,在较高的温度下也要保证防弹。
已知方法的缺点在于,通过其制造的模制件对于诸如AK47、SS109或7.62NATO Ball的步枪子弹的比能量吸收(specific energy absorption,SEA)在80℃下明显低于在室温下,因此在许多情况下所能给予的保护是不够的。SEA被理解为,在子弹以使得模制件停留住子弹的概率为50%的速度(V50)撞击模制件时的能量吸收除以模制件的面密度(质量/m2)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种方法,该方法提供没有前述缺点或者在较小程度上存在前述缺点的模制件。
此目标通过具有至少3MPa的模量的塑料基体材料和在大于25MPa的压力下以及在125和150℃之间的温度下被压制的叠层来实现。
根据本发明的方法可以被用于制造这样的模制件,该模制件在80℃下具有高的比能量吸收,因此提供了良好的防弹保护。
在叠层防弹结构的领域中,针对AK47子弹的较高的比能量吸收通常被理解为对应于大于100Jm2/kg的SEA。利用根据本发明的方法制造的模制件的SEA优选高于120Jm2/kg,并且更优选高于140Jm2/kg。
这里和此后,良好的反弹性能被具体理解为针对诸如AK47、SS109或7.62NATO Ball的步枪子弹的高SEA值。
高SEA的优点在于,具有一定速度的弹片可以被具有低得多的面质量的叠层制件停留住。面质量是指每平方米的制件表面的质量,并且也被称为面密度。低面质量对于提高穿着舒适性是非常重要的,当开发防弹服装中的新材料时,低面质量和良好的保护性一起成为主要目标。在例如车辆或者直升机装甲的情形中,质量的减小也是有利的。
在本发明的上下文中,单层是指一层被包埋在塑料基体材料中的基本平行的增强纤维。术语基体材料是指将纤维保持在一起并且整体或者部分包裹纤维的材料。在例如EP 191306和WO 95/00318A1中公开了这样的单层(也被本领域技术人员称为预浸料)和获得这样的单层的方法。单层可以通过下面的方法获得:例如通过从纤维线轴经过梳齿抽拔若干纤维或者纱线,以共面和平行的方式在一个平面中对多根纤维进行取向,并且在取向之前、在取向过程中或者在取向之后以公知的方法,用塑料基体材料浸渍所述纤维。在此方法中,可以使用预先已经用不同于所述塑料基体材料的聚合物涂覆的纤维,以便例如在处理过程中保护纤维,或者得到更好的纤维到单层的塑料上的粘附力。优选地,使用未经涂覆的纤维。
在根据本发明的方法中的塑料基体材料具有至少3MPa的100%模量。这被理解为在100%的应变下根据ISO 527所测量的正割模量(secantmodulus)。
合适的基体材料包括热塑性和热固性材料。优选地,热塑性材料被用作基体材料,并且特别合适的是那些可以作为水中分散体系被应用的基体。合适的聚合物材料的示例包括:丙烯酸酯类、聚氨酯、改性聚烯烃和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(ethylene vinyl acetate)。优选地,基体材料包含聚氨酯。更优选地,该聚氨酯是基于聚醚二醇的聚醚氨酯(polyetherurethane),因为其在宽的温度范围内提供良好的性能。在特别的实施例中,聚氨酯或者聚醚氨酯是基于脂肪族二异氰酸酯的,因为这进一步提高了包括其色彩稳定性在内的产品性能。
塑料基体材料的100%模量为至少3MPa。优选地,100%模量为至少5MPa。100%模量一般低于500MPa。
用塑料基体材料浸渍增强纤维可以例如通过将一层或者多层塑料膜涂到纤维平面的顶面、底面或者两侧,然后将这些与纤维一起通过热压辊来实现。然而优选地,纤维在以平行的方式在一个平面中被取向之后,用一定量的含单层中的塑料基体材料的液体物质对纤维进行涂层。其优点是可获得对纤维的更快速和更好的浸渍。液体物质可以是例如塑料的溶液、分散液或者熔体。如果塑料的溶液或者分散液被用于制造单层,则该方法还包括蒸发溶剂或者分散剂。
在根据本发明的方法中,叠层在大于25MPa的压力下在压力机械或者压制成型机械中被压制。优选地,压力为至少27MPa,或者至少29MPa,因为这进一步提高了模制件的性能。压制过程中的温度处在125℃和150℃之间。较高的温度具有可以减小压制时间的优点,但是温度不应超过150℃,该温度处于聚乙烯纤维的熔融范围以下。在优选的实施例中,优选包括聚氨酯基体材料的叠层在125℃和135℃之间的温度下被压制至少60分钟,或者甚至更优选在135℃和150℃之间的温度下压制20分钟。
在高温下受压之后,叠层在从压力下移开之前被冷却到低于100℃、优选低于80℃的温度。在优选实施例中,叠层被冷却同时仍然处在压力之下,优选处在至少5MPa的压力下,更优选处在与前面的处理步骤中的相同的压力下。
在根据根据本发明的方法所制备的防弹模制件中的每一单层中的纤维方向相对于相邻单层中的纤维方向被旋转。当此旋转量达到至少45度时得到良好的结果。优选地,此旋转量达到大约90度。这样的结构此后被称为“交错层叠的”。
增强纤维在此是指其长度尺寸大于宽度和厚度的横向尺寸的细长体。术语增强纤维包括单丝、多丝纱线、带、条、线、切断纤维纱线和其他具有规则或者不规则横截面的细长物体。
优选地,增强纤维主要包含高分子量线性聚乙烯的高度拉伸纤维。高分子量被理解为至少400,000g/mol的摩尔质量。
线性聚乙烯在此被理解为每100个碳原子具有小于1个的侧链、并且优选每300个碳原子具有小于1个的侧链的聚乙烯;也被称为支链的侧链包含至少10个碳原子。此外,所述聚乙烯可以包含高达5mol%的可与其共聚的一种或者多种其他的烯烃,诸如丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、4-甲基戊烯、辛烯。
优选地,使用包含聚乙烯丝的高度拉伸的聚乙烯纤维,所述聚乙烯丝通过例如在GB 2042414A、GB 2051667A或者WO 01/73173A1中所描述的凝胶纺丝工艺所制备。该工艺基本包括:制备高特性粘度的聚烯烃溶液;将该溶液在高于溶解温度的温度下纺成丝;将丝冷却到凝胶温度以下,以使凝胶发生;以及在去除溶剂之前、在去除溶剂的过程中或者在去除溶剂之后,拉伸所述丝。丝的横截面的形状可以通过选择喷丝孔的形状来选择。
优选地,单层包含高强度的聚乙烯纤维,该聚乙烯纤维的每丝的旦数(dpf)大于或者等于0.5dpf。最优选地,使用超高分子量线性聚乙烯的多丝纱线,该超高分子量线性聚乙烯具有在十氢化萘中135℃下所确定的至少5dl/g的特性粘度,并且纱线纤度为至少50旦,该纱线的拉伸强度为至少35cN/dtex并且拉伸模量为至少1000cN/dtex,并且其丝的横截面的纵横比为至少3。已经发现使用这样的纤维进一步提高了根据本发明的方法所制造的防弹模制件的保护的高水平。
在根据本发明的方法中,叠层可以从单独的单层开始制造。但是,单独的单层难以处理,因为其容易沿纤维方向撕裂。因此,优选的是由含从2到8层,并且通常为2、4或8层的单层的固结的单层的组件(package)制成叠层,其中所述多个单层以相对于纤维方向成一定角度,例如以交叉方式放置。“固结的”意在表示多个单层被彼此牢固地连接。这些单层组件可以由不同的方法制造,例如通过在辊之间经过或者通过压制成型。如果单层组件也在高温下,并可选地在根据本发明的方法中的高压下被压制,随后在高压下冷却(优选在至少5MPa的压力下、甚至更优选在与前面的步骤中的相同的压力下冷却),则获得良好的结果。
本发明还涉及包括多个单层的叠层的防弹模制件,每一单层包含单向取向的增强纤维,并且至多30质量%的塑料基体材料,增强纤维为高度拉伸聚乙烯纤维,并且每一单层中的纤维方向相对于相邻单层中的纤维方向旋转,其特征在于塑料基体材料包含聚氨酯并且该模制件80℃下的SEA为至少100J/(kg/m2)。
已经令人惊奇地发现,根据本发明的模制件具有低的声阻尼。在0.5MHz下所测量的厚度为2cm的模制件的声阻尼低于30dB。因此,每单位厚度的吸收小于15dB/cm。结果,可以容易地将该模制件与根据现有技术的模制件加以区分。
具体实施方式
示例I-XIII
所用材料
单层组件由两层以90度的角度的交叉方式布置的单层组成。纤维是商标为Sk76的高度拉伸的高分子量线性聚乙烯纤维,其强度为约36cN/dtex,模量为约1180cN/dtex,并且细度为约2旦每丝,而横截面的纵横比为约1。单层包含18质量%的由来自Baxenden Chemicals Ltd.的聚氨酯组成的基体材料,该聚氨酯是基于聚醚二醇和脂肪族二异氰酸酯的,并且被作为含水分散体系使用。当对由所述分散体系制成的膜进行测量时,基体的100%应变模量为6MPa。单层组件的面密度为130.5g/m2。
在表1中,这样的材料由HB25表示。
工序
短压制周期:144个上述的单层组件被层叠以生产一组件,其中,该组件整个在125℃的温度下在炉子中预热2.5小时。然后,该组件在表1中给出的温度和压力下在压机中压制10分钟。该组件随后在相同的压制压力下被冷却到60℃的温度。
长压制周期:144个上述的单层组件被层叠以生产一组件,并随后在表1中给出的温度和压力下在压机中压制65分钟。该组件随后在相同的压制压力下被冷却到60℃的温度。
测试过程
基体材料的模量根据ISO 527被确定。100%模量由长度为100mm(夹头之间的自由长度)且宽度为24mm的膜条来确定。100%模量是在0%和100%应变之间所测量的正割模量。
板的V50根据源自Stanag 2920的过程被测量。板被夹持到钢架上并且在没有背衬的情况下在20℃和80℃下被AK47弹药射击。在测试之前,将板在一炉子中在受控温度的下处理至少24小时。就在马上开始测试之前,将待被射击的经处理的板从炉子中取出,并且安装到所述架上,此后射击在2分钟之内进行。
用于确定声阻尼的方法为脉冲发射测量法(频率范围0.5~10MHz)。测量在0.5MHz的频率下进行。用于确定声阻尼的板具有约19kg/m2的面密度,以及约20mm的厚度。样品为从板(的侧边)所切割下的宽度约100mm的条。
在样品两侧的距离为10cm的发射机和接收机之间测量发射,并且通过水喷射实现声耦合。样品的整个表面积被扫描,之后确定平均阻尼。
结果
表1提供了作为压制温度和压力的函数所得到的V50值和SEA值。除了示例IV和VIII(1周)和V(4周)之外,在80℃下处理的时间为24小时。对于一些板,还给出了声阻尼结果。
对比例
在小于25MPa的压制压力和125℃的压制温度下,重复在上述示例中所描述的方法。在表1中给出了此对比例A的结果。
对于由四层以90度角度的交叉方式布置的单层组成的单层组件重复上述的方法。纤维是商标为Sk76的高度拉伸的高分子量线性聚乙烯纤维,其强度为约36cN/dtex,模量为约1180cN/dtex,并且细度为约2旦每丝,而横截面的纵横比为约1。单层包含约18质量%的基体材料,该基体材料由含水分散体系形式的组成。Kraton为苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物。此基体的100%应变模量为1.4MPa。单层组件的面密度为265g/m2。在表1中,对于对比例B-D,此材料由HB2表示。如所有其他的样品,这些样品的面密度为约19kg/m2。
结果示出了根据本发明的工序所制造的模制件的针对AK47在80℃下的SEA总是高于100J/(kg/m2)。
Claims (6)
1.一种防弹模制件,所述防弹模制件包括多个单层的叠层,每一单层包含单向取向的增强纤维和至多30质量%的塑料基体材料,所述增强纤维为高度拉伸的聚乙烯纤维,并且在每一单层中的所述纤维方向相对于相邻单层中的所述纤维方向被旋转,其特征在于所述塑料基体材料具有至少3MPa的100%模量并且所述模制件在80℃下的针对AK47子弹的SEA为至少100J/(kg/m2)。
2.如权利要求1所述的防弹模制件,其具有在0.5MHz下测量到的小于20dB/cm的声阻尼。
3.如权利要求1所述的防弹模制件,其中所述塑料基体材料选自如下材料组成的组:热固性材料、丙烯酸酯类材料、改性聚烯烃和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯。
4.如权利要求1所述的防弹模制件,其中所述塑料基体材料选自聚氨酯。
5.如权利要求1所述的防弹模制件,其中所述塑料基体材料具有至少5MPa的100%模量。
6.如权利要求1所述的防弹模制件,其中所述塑料基体材料具有至少5MPa且低于500MPa的100%模量。
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JP特开平9-85865A 1997.03.31 |
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ES2307256T3 (es) | 2008-11-16 |
EP1575758A1 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
BR0315860B1 (pt) | 2013-09-10 |
KR20050067211A (ko) | 2005-06-30 |
KR101078983B1 (ko) | 2011-11-01 |
AU2003279606B2 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
ATE394215T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
KR20100085182A (ko) | 2010-07-28 |
EP1724097A3 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
CN100515738C (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
CN1708392A (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
DE60308223T2 (de) | 2007-08-23 |
US7288314B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
DE60308223D1 (de) | 2006-10-19 |
DK1724097T3 (da) | 2008-09-01 |
EP1724097A2 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
JP2006504925A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
DE60320875D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
IL168200A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
NL1021805C2 (nl) | 2004-05-06 |
US20060051564A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
AU2008100825A4 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
MXPA05004717A (es) | 2005-08-03 |
BR0315860A (pt) | 2005-09-20 |
AU2003279606A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
EP1724097B1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
EP1575758B1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
CN101592459A (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
JP4585863B2 (ja) | 2010-11-24 |
WO2004039565A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
ATE338628T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
DK1575758T3 (da) | 2007-01-15 |
KR100996025B1 (ko) | 2010-11-22 |
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