CN101587757B - Aluminum alloy lead with lanthanon yttric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy lead with lanthanon yttric and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy lead with lanthanon yttric and preparation method thereof. The specific component and weight percentage of the invention are Si0.5%-0.7%, Mg0.6%-0.9%, Fe 0.1%-0.2%, Y 0.2%-0.8%, Al residue. The preparation method is following: preparing the elements according to the alloy design to prepare aluminum alloy wire material via melting, casting, homogenization, extrusion and wire drawing, preparing the cables via winding to obtain the aluminum alloy lead with great intensity and conduction via the electric field time effect heat treatment. The aluminum alloylead with high intensity of the invention adds the lanthanon yttric to purify the melting body and reduce the silicon quantity in the alloy further enhance the conductive rate of the melting on the o ne hand; on another hand to thin the crystal grain and enhance intensity of the alloy wire; the generatrix intending intensity is 260MPa and the conductive rate can achieve 57% IACS.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology field of aluminium conductor cable material, be specially a kind of high-strength high conductivity aluminium alloy electric cable that contains rare earth element yttrium and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In field of power transmission, aluminium light weight, inexpensive, and conductivity is better, specific strength is high, mar proof is good, thereby occupy superiority at electrical field.At overhead transmission line, especially on supertension line and the big span line, the aluminium alloy electric cable is the material of main part of overhead power transmission cable always.Wherein the Al-Mg-Si alloy has good mechanical performance and physical property, and states such as the U.S., Japan are applied to ultra-high-tension power transmission line with this type of cable, as 6201,6101 of extensive employing.But diffusion-precipitation coherence half coherence Mg after this alloy heat treatment
2The Si phase, the alloy strength height, resistance to impact is good, and notch sensitivity is little, and has fabulous thermoplasticity, can be squeezed into baroque various section bar at a high speed, is easy to processing, and etch resistant properties is good simultaneously, conducts electricity very well, and has therefore obtained extensive use in field of power transmission.
Developed multiple cond aluminium cable at present, but still can not satisfy complicated natural conditions, sleet is freezing and the needs of remote territory over strait stringing, still need further improve its performance.And at home, also there be big gap in production technology, properties of product, big span aerial cable line application technology etc. with comparing abroad, continuous growth along with Electricity Demand, the transmission line transmission capacity constantly increases, the overhead power transmission cable is had higher requirement, and development high-strength and high-conductivity aluminium alloy electric cable cable has realistic meaning very much.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defective that the aluminium alloy electric cable exists at aspects such as production technology, properties of product in the prior art, seek the relatively cheap rare earth element of a kind of price, join in the Al-Mg-Si alloy with suitable amount, effectively improve the alloy organizing structure, thereby between intensity and conductivity, obtain better balance, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is a kind of high-strength high conductivity aluminium alloy electric cable that contains rare earth element yttrium, be grouped into by following one-tenth by mass percentage: Si 0.5%～0.7%, Mg 0.6%～0.9%, Y 0.2%～0.8%, the Al surplus.
Wherein, the impurity in the described aluminium alloy electric cable should be controlled to be: Ti+V+Cr+Mn is less than 0.3%, and other impurity is less than 0.3%, and single impurity is less than 0.05%, and Fe 0.1%～0.2%.
The solubility of rare earth yttrium in the Al-Si-Mg matrix is very little, so the solution strengthening effect is atomic.And the rare earth yttrium is easy to form intermetallic compound with elements such as Al, Si when casting, and this compound often is stored in crystal boundary, during crystallization grain growth is had inhibition, so but refinement alloy grain.Rare earth element joins the dendrite interval that can effectively reduce the aluminium alloy electric cable in the aluminium alloy electric cable, and refinement as-cast grain structure can form compound with various impurity elements, eliminates the influence of objectionable impurities, the intermetallic compound Al of its formation
3Y is on good terms as second increases the obdurability of aluminium alloy electric cable, the mechanical performance of raising alloy and corrosion resisting property etc.Wherein rare earth element yttrium microalloying effect in the aluminium alloy electric cable is similar to Sc, and relative low price, has become a kind of important microalloy element.A spot of yttrium is separated out with the form of compound the silicon of solid solution in the Al-Si-Mg from aluminum substrate, can improve the electric conductivity of alloy, the main and aluminium formation Al of superfluous yttrium
3The Y phase, the intensity and the thermal stability of raising alloy, thereby yttrium is the rare earth metal addition that is fit to very much aluminium alloy conductor.
Adopt the cleaning molten means in cast sections, in alloy melt, add rare earth element yttrium, have except that H
2The gas effect can purify melt, has reduced the pin hole rate, optimize alloy whole preparation process process, each alloying element is separated out from solid solution, guarantee tiny being distributed in the complete aluminum substrate of second-phase dispersion, thereby realize the synchronous raising of intensity and conductivity.
The present invention also provides the above-mentioned preparation method who contains the high-strength high conductivity aluminium alloy electric cable of rare earth element yttrium, may further comprise the steps:
(1) fine aluminium is melted fully and be incubated at 700-800 ℃, add dry halide and cover, add Si 0.5%～0.7% again, Mg 0.6%～0.9%, and Y 0.2%～0.8%, aluminum alloy melt;
(2) above-mentioned aluminum alloy melt is cast into aluminium ingot again after degasification, and carries out conventional homogenizing and handle;
(3) will be squeezed into the leading screw that diameter is 12-18mm through the aluminium ingot after step (2) is handled, be drawn into the cable that diameter is 3-8mm again;
(4) above-mentioned cable is carried out around volume, carry out Ageing Treatment around volume back in electric field strength is the uniform electric field of 8～16kV/cm, aging temp is 150-250 ℃, aging time 4-10 hour, promptly.
Described elements Si and Y add with the form of aluminium-silicon alloys and aluminium-yittrium alloy respectively.
The described halide of step (1) is any mixture that two or more is formed with arbitrary proportion in potassium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, magnesium chloride, the calcirm-fluoride.
The described homogenizing treatment temperature of step (2) is 400-500 ℃, time 5-15 hour.
Concrete process program of the present invention: at first the fine aluminium ingot is put into 700 ℃ of electric induction furnaces of preheating and melted, treat that fine aluminium melts the back temperature fully and rises to 700-800 ℃ of insulation, treat that the halide solvent that adds oven dry after fine aluminium melts fully again covers, halide has anti-oxidation and absorption slag making refining effect concurrently, the Al-Si intermediate alloy that proportioning is good encases with aluminium foil and directly joins in the aluminium alloy electric cable liquid, and stir gently, make fusing of Al-Si intermediate alloy and fully diffusion, about 720 ℃, will be pressed into the bottom, molten bath then through pretreated pure magnesium, then add the Al-Y intermediate alloy about 700 ℃, treat to melt fully and be warming up to about 740 ℃ melt with carbon trichloride (C
2Cl
6) carry out injection refining, degasification, slagging-off, covering are left standstill 5-10min and are cast into aluminium ingot in 700-710 ℃.The instrument that contacts with melt is all brushed talcum powder and dry, prevents that melt is air-breathing and contaminated.The homogenizing annealing temperature is about 450 ℃, is incubated 10 hours.Compression tool must be heated to 300-400 ℃ before extruding, it is 550 ℃ that aluminium alloy electric cable ingot casting allows maximum heating temperature.During extruding, ingot casting is heated to about 450 ℃, and extrusion die die holder, tube etc. were heated to 430 ℃/3.5 hours.Extrusion speed 3-15m/min.With Φ 12～18mm pressure ram in the correct order through finally obtaining the silk material finished product of Φ 3～8mm after the cold-drawn of multi-pass.Wire rod through the coiling rolling carries out Ageing Treatment in electric field strength is the uniform electric field of 8～16kV/cm, aging temp is 150-250 ℃, aging time 4-10 hour, guarantees Mg
2Si, Al
3The two-phase of Y grade in an imperial examination distributes in the disperse of matrix, and this mutually and less with the matrix stress field reduces the influence to conductivity when can improve the intensity of alloy, thereby improves the combination property of aluminium conductor.
The present invention adds rare earth element yttrium first in aluminium conductor, can improve the electric conductivity of aluminium alloy, improve the intensity and the thermal stability of alloy, thereby yttrium is fit closely aluminium conductor rare earth metal addition.Cable of the present invention adopts conventional preparation technology, need not equipment is significantly transformed, and production cost is low, high comprehensive performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 makes the metallographic structure of cast alloy cross section for the present invention;
Fig. 3 makes the metallographic structure of extruding attitude alloy cross section for the present invention;
Fig. 4 makes the metallographic structure of cold drawing finished product longitudinal section for the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: get 100 kilograms of No. 2 commercial-purity aluminiums, it contains aluminium 99.7%, iron 0.10%, silicon 0.04%, gallium 0.01%; 1 kilogram of No. 2 pure magnesium; 5 kilograms in aluminium-silicon intermediate alloy (10%Si); 1.5 kilograms in aluminium-yttrium intermediate alloy (14%Y); The rising raw material is dropped into melting in the chamber type electric resistance furnace in batches, at first ready aluminium material is put into crucible, use the resistance furnace heat fused, treat that KCl+NaCl (mass percent 1: the 1) solvent that adds oven dry after fine aluminium melts fully again covers (having anti-oxidation and absorption slag making refining effect concurrently).When temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 700 ℃, add aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, treat the fusing of aluminium silicon intermediate alloy after, add pure magnesium again and be pressed into the bottom, molten bath.Then 700 ℃ add the Al-Y intermediate alloys, and with carbon trichloride (C
2Cl
6) the degasifier degasification, leave standstill 5-10min and be cast into the aluminium ingot that diameter is 50mm in 700-710 ℃.The 50mm ingot casting is carried out 450 ℃/10 hours homogenizing handle in resistance furnace, directly be squeezed into the screw mandrel of 12mm then, screw mandrel is drawn into 3～8mm cable wire on 100 tons of cold drawing machines, subsequently frame on machine around volume.The cable of rolling carries out 170 ℃/4 hours Ageing Treatment in the electric field aging furnace, electric field strength is 16kV/cm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
100 kilograms of embodiment 2:2 commercial-purity aluminiums, 1 kilogram of No. 2 pure magnesium; 4.17 kilograms in aluminium-silicon intermediate alloy (12%Si); 2.1 kilograms in aluminium-yttrium intermediate alloy (12%Y); At first ready aluminium material is put into crucible, use the resistance furnace heat fused, treat that MgCl+NaCl+KCl (1: 1: the 1) solvent that adds oven dry after fine aluminium melts fully again covers, and adds pure magnesium, silicon-aluminum alloy and silicon-yittrium alloy again.The aluminium alloy melt that melts is cast into the aluminium ingot that diameter is 50mm in 700-710 ℃.The 50mm ingot casting is carried out 450 ℃/10 hours homogenizing handle in resistance furnace, directly be squeezed into the screw mandrel of 14mm then, screw mandrel is drawn into 3～8mm cable wire on 100 tons of cold drawing machines, subsequently frame on machine around volume.The cable of rolling carries out 250 ℃/4 hours Ageing Treatment in the electric field aging furnace, electric field strength is 12kV/cm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
100 kilograms of embodiment 3:2 commercial-purity aluminiums, 1 kilogram of No. 2 pure magnesium; 3.57 kilograms in aluminium-silicon intermediate alloy (14%Si); 2.8 kilograms in aluminium-yttrium intermediate alloy (10%Y); At first ready aluminium material is put into crucible, use the resistance furnace heat fused, treat to add again after fine aluminium melts fully the KCl+MgCl of oven dry
2+ BaCl
2+ CaF
2(40: 40: 5: 15) solvent covered, and adds pure magnesium, silicon-aluminum alloy and silicon-yittrium alloy again.。The aluminium alloy melt that melts is cast into the aluminium ingot that diameter is 50mm in 700-710 ℃.The 50mm ingot casting is carried out 450 ℃/10 hours homogenizing handle in resistance furnace, directly be squeezed into the screw mandrel of 14mm then, screw mandrel is drawn into 3～8mm cable wire on 100 tons of cold drawing machines, subsequently frame on machine around volume.The cable of rolling carries out 150 ℃/10 hours Ageing Treatment in the electric field aging furnace, electric field strength is 8kV/cm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
100 kilograms of embodiment 4:2 commercial-purity aluminiums, 1 kilogram of No. 2 pure magnesium; 5 kilograms in aluminium-silicon intermediate alloy (10%Si); 2.57 kilograms in aluminium-yttrium intermediate alloy (12%Y); Above raw material is dropped into melting in the chamber type electric resistance furnace in batches, at first ready aluminium material is put into crucible, use the resistance furnace heat fused.The aluminium alloy melt that melts is cast into the aluminium ingot that diameter is 50mm in 700-710 ℃.The 50mm ingot casting is carried out 450 ℃/10 hours homogenizing handle in resistance furnace, directly be squeezed into the screw mandrel of 14mm then, screw mandrel is drawn into 3～8mm cable wire on 100 tons of cold drawing machines, subsequently frame on machine around volume.The cable of rolling carries out 175 ℃/4 hours Ageing Treatment in the electric field aging furnace, electric field strength is 16kV/cm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
100 kilograms of embodiment 5:2 commercial-purity aluminiums, 1 kilogram of No. 2 pure magnesium; 4.17 kilograms in aluminium-silicon intermediate alloy (12%Si); 2.4 kilograms in aluminium-yttrium intermediate alloy (14%Y); Above raw material is dropped into melting in the chamber type electric resistance furnace in batches, at first ready aluminium material is put into crucible, use the resistance furnace heat fused.The aluminium alloy melt that melts is cast into the aluminium ingot that diameter is 50mm in 700-710 ℃.The 50mm ingot casting is carried out 450 ℃/10 hours homogenizing handle in resistance furnace, directly be squeezed into the screw mandrel of 14mm then, screw mandrel is drawn into 3～8mm cable wire on 100 tons of cold drawing machines, subsequently frame on machine around volume.The cable of rolling carries out 175 ℃/8 hours Ageing Treatment in the electric field aging furnace, electric field strength is 12kV/cm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
The performance index of the foregoing description and Comparative Examples such as following table:
| Finished product | Resistivity μ Ω cm | Conductance %IACS | Tensile strength MPa | Percentage elongation % |
| Embodiment 1 | 3.112 | 55.4 | 237 | 13.0 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.090 | 55.8 | 240 | 12.5 |
| Embodiment 3 | 3.062 | 56.3 | 245 | 12.4 |
| Embodiment 4 | 3.019 | 57.1 | 259 | 11.8 |
| Embodiment 5 | 3.024 | 57.0 | 268 | 11.5 |
| Embodiment 6 | 3.057 | 56.4 | 260 | 11.4 |
Claims (4)
1. an aluminium alloy electric cable that contains rare earth element yttrium is characterized in that, be grouped into by following one-tenth by mass percentage: Si 0.5%～0.7%, and Mg 0.6%～0.9%, and Y 0.2%～0.8%, the Al surplus.
2. a preparation method who contains the aluminium alloy electric cable of rare earth element yttrium is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) fine aluminium is melted fully and be incubated, add dry halide and cover, add Si 0.5%～0.7% again at 700-800 ℃, Mg 0.6%～0.9%, Y 0.2%～0.8%, and elements Si and Y add with the form of aluminium-silicon alloys and aluminium-yittrium alloy respectively, get aluminum alloy melt;
(2) above-mentioned aluminum alloy melt is cast into aluminium ingot again after degasification, and carries out conventional homogenizing and handle;
(3) aluminium ingot after the homogenizing processing is squeezed into the leading screw that diameter is 12-18mm, is drawn into the cable that diameter is 3-8mm again;
(4) above-mentioned cable is carried out around volume, carry out Ageing Treatment around volume back in electric field strength is the uniform electric field of 8～16kV/cm, aging temp is 150-250 ℃, aging time 4-10 hour, promptly.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described halide of step (1) is any mixture that two or more is formed with arbitrary proportion in potassium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, magnesium chloride, the calcirm-fluoride.
4. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described homogenizing treatment temperature of step (2) is 400-500 ℃, time 5-15 hour.
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