CN101345098B - Aluminum conductor for overhead conductor - Google Patents
Aluminum conductor for overhead conductor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to improvement to an aluminium conductor used for overhead leads, which is characterized in that: during electrical aluminium ingot melting, according to the content of silicon, heavy metal and iron in the raw material, lanthanum-rich rare earth aluminium alloy, boron or aluminium boron alloy, iron or aluminium iron alloy are respectively added or not added into the raw material; the weight percentage of silicon in the aluminium is controlled to be not more than 0.05wt%, the weight percentage of heavy metal in the aluminium is controlled to be not more than 0.01wt% and the weight percentage of iron in the aluminium is controlled to be between 0.12-0.16wt%; according to wire drawing, the aluminium conductor with the resistivity of 27.300-27.650n Omega question mark m and the tensile strength of 160-200MPa is obtained. Therefore, not only the tensile strength of the hard aluminium conductor is kept, but also the conductivity of the aluminium conductor is improved; the main technical index is obviously better than that of the hard aluminium conductor of national standard GB/T17048-1997; the aluminium conductor of the invention is used for the overhead leads and can obviously improve the high-carrying flux.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the improvement to aluminum conductor for overhead conductor, relates in particular to all high aluminum conductor for overhead conductor of a kind of conductance and tensile strength.
Background technology
Existing transmission of electricity aluminum conductor for overhead conductor, mainly use the aluminium melting by the electrician, and through for example being rolled into the aluminium bar about 500 ℃, form through wire drawing again, 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rates are not more than 28.264n Ω m, the high conductivity that converts is 61%IACS, tensile strength 160-200Mpa (filament diameter 5-1.25mm).The electrician uses the chemical composition (GB/T3954-2001) of aluminium: Si≤0.11, Fe≤0.25, Cu≤0.01, heavy metal (V+Ti+Mn+Cr) total content≤0.02, Al 〉=99.6.Have data to show, the conductor conductance is at 61%IACS, and grid loss reaches more than 8.9% of electric weight of transmission, can reach 20% during the local power network difference.If reduce aluminium conductor resistivity, can improve the ampacity of lead, reduce meaningless energy consumption in the transmission of electricity process, improve the efficiency of transmission of transmission electric weight, there is the statistics conductance to improve 1%, loss will reduce about 1%.Therefore improve the conductance of aluminium conductor, be the long-term desired and pursuit of people.
People once taked multiple mode to reduce the resistivity of aluminium conductor, for example:
Employing changes its state with aluminium with annealing or fashion of extrusion, makes soft aluminum conductor, can make the aluminium conductance bring up to about 62.5%IACS by 61%IACS, as soft aluminum conductor as described in Chinese patent CN101174490, the CN2699439, all is to realize by the method.Yet by the soft aluminum conductor of annealing or being crushed to, its conductance is to be improved, but tensile strength then greatly descends, it only is 60～98Mpa that 160～200Ma during by original duralumin descends, make and descend 25%～36% with cross section lead pull-off force, lead safety and reliability reduce, thereby are not suitable for the large span aerial condutor.
The disclosed high conductivity boracic of Chinese patent CN1271024 aluminium alloy, be in 99.5%～99.7% commercial-purity aluminium, to add 0.05%～0.13% boron and make bar after (200～320 ℃) * (1.5～3h) annealing or self annealing, and cooperate aluminium liquid inert gas purge to handle and foam ceramic filter technology, make aluminium conductor resistivity reach (2.72～2.74) * 10
-3Ω m is equivalent to 62.5%IACS.By adding boron, and adopt annealing operation, aluminium conductor resistivity is to have obtained reduction, but aluminium tensile strength after annealing must descend, and actual strength only is 100-108Mpa, and is similar with soft aluminum conductor, and the defective of soft aluminum conductor is not eliminated.
The disclosed high conductivity of Chinese patent CN1616696 contains rare earth, boron alumina-base material, by adding rare earth element and boron element simultaneously, and annealing process, 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rates 27.05～27.28 (62%～63%IACS), tensile strength 105-115Mpa.Still owing to there is annealing process, gained conductor tensile strength descends bigger, and only a little higher than soft aluminum conductor is not suitable for the large span aerial condutor equally.
The disclosed high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy lead of Chinese patent CN101074465, choose 99.7% purity rubric aluminium ingot, content is no more than 0.02% percetage by weight except its impurity silica removal, iron, the copper, improve conductor intensity by adding alloying element, tensile strength is up to 225Mpa, but greatly reduce the electric conductivity of conductor, conductance only is 55%IACS, 150 ℃ of long-term heat resisting temperatures.
By above-mentioned prior art as can be seen, anneal simultaneously by adding alloying elements, can reduce the resistivity of aluminium conductor, but also reduced the tensile strength of gained aluminium conductor simultaneously, its tensile strength is a little higher than soft aluminum conductor, and the gained aluminium conductor is still uncomfortable as the large span aerial condutor.Simultaneously, prior art provides enlightenment: performance change of aluminium conductor, will have influence on another performance, and for example conductance has improved, intensity decreases; Thermal endurance class improves, and conductance does not improve; Conductor intensity improves, and electric conductivity reduces.Therefore improve the conductance of aluminium conductor simultaneously, tensile strength keeps the duralumin high level again, and difficulty is very big, does not have in the prior art a kind ofly can realize reducing the conductor resistance rate simultaneously, can keep the high tensile strength (table 1) of conductor again.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned prior art deficiency, and a kind of existing high conductance is provided, and the high-tensile aluminum conductor for overhead conductor of duralumin is arranged again.
The present invention finds that through test silicon and heavy metal can influence its electric conductivity in the aluminium, therefore by control and reduce silicon and content of beary metal in the aluminium, can improve conductance; Keep simultaneously or improve iron content, make iron/silicon, keep reaching the tensile strength of duralumin,, just can realize the raising of resistivity, and tensile strength do not descend like this without annealing process than greater than 1.5, thus realization the object of the invention.Specifically, aluminum conductor for overhead conductor of the present invention, it is characterized in that in the melting of electrician's aluminium ingot, look silicon in the raw material, heavy metal, iron content, add respectively/or do not add lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy, boron or aluminum-boron alloy, iron or alfer, siliceous≤0.05wt% in the control aluminium, heavy metal≤0.01wt%, iron 0.12-0.16wt% obtains resistivity 27.300～27.650n Ω m of aluminium conductor, tensile strength 160～200Mpa through wire drawing.
Among the present invention:
The electrician uses aluminium ingot, is meant to meet GB12768-91 " remelting electrician's aluminium ingot ", or GB/T1196-2002 " remelting aluminium ingot ", be used to make electric wire, cable conduction material aluminium ingot.
Add the effect of lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy, impurity silicon is changed into by the solid solution attitude separate out attitude, reach the reduction silicone content, reduce influence the conductor electric conductivity; If silicon meets aforementioned requirement in the selected aluminium, then can not add; If content overproof then by adding the lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy, reduces silicone content to aforementioned requirement.Lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy addition is then decided on silicone content in the aluminium, is as the criterion to reach aforementioned requirement after reducing.
Add boron or aluminum-boron alloy effect, utilize beavy metal impurity elements generation TiB such as Ti, V, Cr, Mn in boron element and the aluminium liquid
2, VB
2, CrB
2, MnB
2Compound, and separate out from aluminium liquid with infusibility slag form, the content of beary metal that influences electric conductivity in the aluminium reduced thereby reach; Test is simultaneously also found: but boron element adds also refinement ingot casting crystal grain, improves the mechanical performances such as elongation of aluminium bar.Boron element of the present invention adds, and better adopts aluminum-boron alloy, helps adding the even of boron element.
Adding iron or alfer effect, mainly is suitably to improve iron content in the aluminium, makes it high iron/silicon ratio, for example greater than 1.5, to improve the tensile strength and the percentage elongation of aluminium.Look iron content in the aluminum feedstock, decision adds or does not add and addition.Test is found, if iron content is low excessively in the aluminium, can be reduced the tensile strength of aluminium conductor; But obviously too high, also can reduce electric conductivity, so the present invention's test thinks that suitable content is 0.12-0.16wt% because of the raising of impurity content.Ferro element of the present invention adds, and better adopts alfer, helps adding the even of ferro element.
Aluminium ingot is rolled into the aluminium bar through universal method after index is adjusted in above-mentioned melting, be drawn into the aluminium conductor filament of the stranded aluminum conductor of preparation, and resistivity is at 27.300～27.650n Ω m, tensile strength 160～200Mpa.
A kind of silicon≤0.03wt% in the aluminium, heavy metal≤0.01wt%, iron 0.12-0.14wt% of more preferably controlling of the present invention.
For making the gained aluminium conductor that higher conductance be arranged, and minimizing course of processing Impurity removal, the used electrician's aluminium ingot of the present invention purity obviously is pure more good more, and purity is high more, it is obviously few more that other influence impurity, be favourable not only, and it is also relatively easy to reduce its content, but check is found to improving conductance, impurity content is low excessively in the aluminium, can reduce the tensile strength of conductor.Therefore, the present invention tests definite, better selects aluminium ingot purity 〉=99.85 for use, copper≤0.002wt%, and silicon≤0.03wt%, iron 0.08～0.12wt%, heavy metal total contents such as chrome alum manganese titanium are less than high-purity electrician's aluminium ingot of 0.01wt%.
Melting of the present invention, system bar, drawing process condition, similar substantially with common preparation aluminium conductor, can adopt existing preparation aluminium conductor technology to carry out melting impurity elimination, the rolling aluminium bar that obtains, obtain aluminium conductor through wire drawing.
Aluminum conductor for overhead conductor of the present invention, owing in aluminium bar continuous casting and tandem rolling process, look silicon in the raw material, heavy metal, iron content, by adding the lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy, control silicon≤0.05wt%; Add boron or aluminum-boron alloy, reduce content of beary metal, thereby improved the purity of aluminium to≤0.01wt%, aluminium content can reach more than 99.85, conductance is improved, and the conductance of need not annealing just can reach 62%～63%IACS, thereby lays a good foundation for not reducing tensile strength; Again by adding iron or alfer, make in the aluminium iron content at 0.12-0.16wt%, and make iron/silicon than greater than 1.5, kept former aluminium conductor intensity.The present invention is through above-mentioned modified, prepared aluminium wire conductor, and 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rates are 27.300～27.650n Ω m, average conductivity 62.6%IACS, actual detected aluminium conductor silk footpath scope tensile strength is at 160～200Mpa, average 175Mpa (table 2).Gained aluminium conductor intensity keeps duralumin conductor standard, and conductance then is improved, and makes without annealing process, also can improve the conductance of aluminium wire conductor, and keep tensile strength constant substantially, and can be used in aerial condutor, the key technical indexes obviously is better than GB GB/T17048-1997 duralumin conductor.Use the aerial condutor of conductor preparation of the present invention, can obviously improve ampacity, same line has directly improved the lead transmission capacity, has reduced line loss, and can guarantee the safety and the reliability of circuit.
Below in conjunction with two specific embodiments; the present invention is further understood in exemplary illustration and help; but the embodiment detail only is for the present invention is described; do not represent the present invention to conceive whole technical schemes down; therefore should not be construed as the technical scheme qualification total to the present invention, some do not depart from the unsubstantiality of the present invention's design and change In the view of the technical staff; for example simple the change or replacement of technical characterictic to have same or similar technique effect all belongs to protection range of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is an aluminum conductor for overhead conductor preparation technology general flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: press accompanying drawing technology, the check raw material is selected trade mark AL99.85A aluminium ingot (composition sees Table 3) for use, puts into the aluminium ingot smelting furnace and melts, and adds the ferroaluminium (trade mark is AlFe20) of 0.03wt%, the boron aluminium alloy (trade mark is AlB3) of 0.02wt%.Through evenly stirring, concise degasification, sample analysis (whether look result's decision replenishes reinforced), slagging-off, 740～750 ℃ of refining temperatures, refining time 8～12 minutes, time of repose 15 minutes, (carry out stokehold chemistry rapid analysis, monitoring regulation and control constituent content sees Table 4) after cast 700～710 ℃ of cast temperatures, through rolling temperature is about 500 ℃, is rolled into
12.0mm the aluminium bar, on the high-speed wire-drawing machine,, join mould and be 7 road moulds and draw with 16 meter per second drawing speeds
3.99mm aluminium wire.Aluminium wire conductor impurity composition content and performance see Table 4.
Embodiment 2: press accompanying drawing technology, the check raw material is selected trade mark AL99.70A aluminium ingot (composition sees Table 3) for use.Put into molten aluminium stove and melt, add the lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy of 0.05wt%, add the boron aluminium alloy (trade mark is AlB3) of 0.04wt%.Through evenly stirring, concise degasification, slagging-off, 740～750 ℃ of refining temperatures, refining time 8～12 minutes, time of repose 15 minutes (carries out stokehold chemistry rapid analysis, monitoring regulation and control constituent content, see Table 4) after cast, 700～710 ℃ of cast temperatures are gone into to roll temperature and are controlled at about 500 ℃, are rolled into
12.0mm the aluminium bar, on the high-speed wire-drawing machine, drawing speed 16 meter per seconds, joining mould is that 7 road moulds draw
3.99mm aluminium wire.Aluminium wire conductor impurity composition content and performance see Table 4.
Comparative example 1: select the aluminium ingot of trade mark AL99.85A for use, the performance of aluminium bar sees Table 5 behind interpolation AlB4, the ALFe20, and all the other technological parameters remain unchanged substantially with above-mentioned embodiment.
Comparative example 2: select the aluminium ingot of trade mark AL99.85A for use, do not add that the performance of aluminium bar sees Table 5 behind AlB4, the ALFe20, all the other technological parameters remain unchanged substantially with above-mentioned embodiment.
To those skilled in the art; under the present invention conceives enlightenment; some distortion that can directly derive or associate from this patent disclosure; or the substituting of known technology commonly used in the prior art; for example magnesium, ferro element adopt magnesium metal, iron powder to add or the like, can both realize and basic identical function of the foregoing description and effect; launch for example no longer one by one to describe in detail, all belong to this patent protection range.
Conductor of the present invention and prior art conductor main performance comparison sheet 1
| ? | 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rates (n Ω m) | Conductance (%IACS) | Tensile strength MPa |
| The present invention | 27.300～27.650 | 62.4～63.2％IACS | 160～200 |
| GB/T17048-1997 | Maximum 28.264 | 61％IACS | 160-200 |
| GB3955-1983 | Be not more than 28.264 | 61.0％IACS | Maximum 98 |
| CN1271024 | 2.72～2.74 | 62.9～63.3％IACS | 108Mpa |
| CN1616696 | 27.21～27.85 | 61～63％IACS | 105～115 |
| CN1978686 | 28.735～29.725 | 58～60％IACS | ≥170 |
| CN1485455 | 28.735～29.725 | 58～60％IACS | ≥170 |
| CN101074465 | ≤31.347 | ≥55％IACS | ≥255 |
Illustrate: except that the present invention, all do not have all high aluminium conductor of conductance and tensile strength.
The soft aluminium contrast table 2 of tensile strength of the present invention and GB/T17048-1997 duralumin and GB3955-1983
Annotate: 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rates of conductor of the present invention n Ω m≤0.027585 is equivalent to 62.5%IACS, 1/ ℃ of coefficient of linear expansion, 23 * 10
-6, temperature coefficient of resistance is 1/ ℃ in the time of 20 ℃, and 0.00403;
The GB/T17048-1997 aluminum conductor, 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rate n Ω m≤28.264 are equivalent to 61%IACS, 1/ ℃ of coefficient of linear expansion, 23 * 10
-6, 1/ ℃ of the temperature coefficient of resistance in the time of 20 ℃, 0.00403;
Soft aluminum conductor, 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rate n Ω m≤0.02800 are equivalent to 61.6%IACS, 1/ ℃ of coefficient of linear expansion, 23 * 10
-6, 1/ ℃ of the temperature coefficient of resistance in the time of 20 ℃, 0.00407.
Embodiment and comparative example raw material aluminium chemical constituent wt% table 3
| ? | Aluminium | Silicon | Iron | Copper | Calcium | Magnesium | The impurity summation |
| Example 1 | 99.87 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.13 |
| Example 2 | 99.70 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.002 | 0.019 | 0.008 | 0.215 |
| Than 1 | 99.87 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.13 |
| Than 2 | 99.87 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.13 |
Embodiment is table 4 as a result
| ? | Example 1 | Example 2 |
| Fe? | 0.10～0.12wt％? | 0.13wt％? |
| Si? | ≤0.03wt％? | 0.05wt％? |
| Fe/Si? | 3.67? | 2.6? |
| The heavy metal total content | ≤0.01％? | ≤0.01％? |
| Diameter (￠ mm) | 3.99? | 3.99? |
| 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rates (n Ω m) | 27.39? | 27.690? |
| Conductance (%IACS) | 62.9％IACS? | 62.3％IACS? |
| Aluminium bar tensile strength MPa | 117? | 119? |
Add in the AL99.85A aluminium ingot or do not add AlB4, ALFe20 aluminium bar performance table 5
| ? | Diameter mm | 20 ℃ of conductor resistance rate n Ω m | Tensile strength MPa | Percentage elongation % |
| Add AlB3, ALFe20 | 9.0～20.0 | ≤0.02750 | 110～130 | ≥10 |
| Do not add AlB3, ALFe20 | 9.0～20.0 | ≤0.02780 | 110～130 | ≥8 |
Comparative example shows that beavy metal impurity is to the influence of electric conductivity, and iron content is to the influence of mechanical performance.Add AlB3, ALFe20 in the molten aluminium, reduced resistivity, percentage elongation is improved, and has improved processing characteristics.
Claims (3)
1. aluminum conductor for overhead conductor, it is characterized in that in the melting of electrician's aluminium ingot, look silicon in the raw material, heavy metal, iron content, add respectively/or do not add lanthanum rich rare earth aluminium alloy, boron or aluminum-boron alloy, iron or alfer, siliceous≤0.05wt% in the control aluminium, chrome alum manganese titanium total metals≤0.01wt%, iron 0.12-0.16wt%, obtain resistivity 27.300～27.650n Ω m of aluminium conductor, tensile strength 160～200Mpa through wire drawing.
2. according to the described aluminum conductor for overhead conductor of claim 1, it is characterized in that siliceous in the wire drawing aluminium conductor≤0.03wt%, iron 0.12-0.14wt%, chrome alum manganese titanium total metals≤0.01wt%.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described aluminum conductor for overhead conductor, it is characterized in that electrician's aluminium ingot purity 〉=99.85, in electrician's aluminium ingot: copper≤0.002wt%, silicon 0.03～0.04wt%, iron 0.08～0.10wt%, chrome alum manganese titanium heavy metal total content is less than 0.01wt%.
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| WO2022048012A1 (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-10 | 江苏亨通电力电缆有限公司 | Lightweight corrosion-resistant energy-saving aluminium conductor, preparation method therefor, and medium-voltage power cable |
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| CN102682872B (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2014-03-26 | 上海电缆研究所 | Semihard aluminum wire, overhead wire and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2022048012A1 (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-10 | 江苏亨通电力电缆有限公司 | Lightweight corrosion-resistant energy-saving aluminium conductor, preparation method therefor, and medium-voltage power cable |
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