CN102978474B - Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, preparation method thereof and power cable - Google Patents
Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, preparation method thereof and power cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: a) casting an aluminum alloy ingot; b) homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy rod material; c) carrying out intermittent annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy rod obtained in the step b); d) and c), carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step c) to obtain the aluminum alloy. The invention also provides a power cable. The invention selects and controls the added elements and adopts a reasonable preparation process, so that the aluminum alloy has better comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to an Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, a preparation method thereof and a power cable.
Background
Aluminum alloys are the most widely used non-ferrous structural materials in industry and are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, mechanical manufacturing, marine and chemical industries. Along with the rapid development of scientific technology and industrial economy, the demand of aluminum alloy is increasing, and the research of the aluminum alloy is also deepened. The wide application of the aluminum alloy promotes the development of the aluminum alloy in the power industry, and simultaneously, the development of the power industry expands the application field of the aluminum alloy.
The power cable is a resource for transmitting and distributing electric energy, and the basic structure of the power cable consists of four parts, namely a wire core, an insulating layer, a shielding layer and a protective layer. The core is a conductive part of the power cable, is used for transmitting electric energy and is a main part of the power cable; the insulation layer electrically isolates the wire cores from the ground and the wire cores of different phases, so that electric energy transmission is ensured, and the insulation layer is an indispensable component in a power cable structure; the protective layer protects the power cable from external impurities and moisture, and prevents external force from directly damaging the power cable. Copper is widely used for the core of power cables because of its good electrical conductivity. However, as copper resources are increasingly scarce and aluminum content is abundant, aluminum is a concern of researchers to replace copper, so that aluminum alloy is a hot spot for research as a cable conductor.
Aluminum alloy power cables are gradually becoming a trend to replace copper cables and are widely used. The aluminum alloy conductor material in the prior art is excellent in electrical property, corrosion resistance, mechanical property and the like, but is poor in fatigue resistance, so that quality problems are easy to occur, the service life of the aluminum alloy material is influenced or potential safety hazards are brought, and therefore, the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy power cable is still poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the aluminum alloy with better comprehensive performance for the power cable and the preparation method thereof.
In view of the above, the present invention provides an Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy comprising:
0.01 to 1.6wt% of Fe;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Cu;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Mg;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Co;
0.001 to 0.2wt% Be;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Ca;
0.001 to 0.2wt% of Zn;
0.01 to 3.0wt% of RE;
the balance being aluminum.
Preferably, the Fe content is 0.25-0.6 wt%.
Preferably, the RE is 0.1-0.6 wt%.
Preferably, the alloy comprises 0.01 to 0.15wt% of Zn.
The invention provides a preparation method of an Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
a) casting an aluminum alloy ingot with the following components: 0.01-1.6 wt% of Fe, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Cu, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Mg, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Co, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Be, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Ca, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.01-3.0 wt% of RE and the balance of aluminum;
b) homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy rod material;
c) carrying out intermittent annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy rod obtained in the step b);
d) and c), carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step c) to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 450-550 ℃, the time of the homogenization treatment is 6-16 h, and the temperature rise speed of the homogenization treatment is 3-8 ℃/min.
Preferably, the step c) is specifically:
heating the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step b) to 280-350 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 h, then cooling, reducing the temperature to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h, and then cooling.
Preferably, the aging treatment is carried out in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 5-15 KV/cm.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 250-320 ℃, and the time of the aging treatment is 4-20 h.
The invention also provides a power cable which comprises a wire core, an insulating layer, a shielding layer and a protective layer, wherein the wire core is the aluminum alloy prepared by the scheme or the aluminum alloy prepared by the scheme.
The invention provides an Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components: 0.01 to 1.6wt% of Fe, 0.001 to 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.001 to 0.3wt% of Mg, 0.001 to 0.3wt% of Co, 0.001 to 0.2wt% of Be, 0.001 to 0.3wt% of Ca, 0.001 to 0.2wt% of Zn, 0.01 to 3.0wt% of RE and the balance of aluminum. The invention takes aluminum as a base, adds a trace amount of iron, and the aluminum can form Al with the iron3Fe, Al precipitated3The Fe dispersed particles inhibit the creep deformation of the alloy, part of Fe and RE form AlFeRE compounds to be separated out, the separated-out phase AlFeRE can enhance the fatigue resistance and the high-temperature running heat resistance of the alloy, and the separated-out phase of the rare earth compounds can also improve the yield limit strength; the added copper element and aluminum form a theta phase, and the theta phase plays a role in solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy are improved; cobalt forms various dispersive high-temperature strengthening phases in the alloy, so that the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved; zinc forms REAL with Al2Zn3、Fe3Al2Zn and other metal compounds play a role in improving the tensile property of the alloy and effectively improving the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy to a certain extent; the rare earth elements as surface active elements can be intensively distributed on a crystal boundary, and the tension between phases is reduced, so that the crystal grains are refined. The invention passes throughThe selection of alloy elements and the control of the content are beneficial to the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out homogenization treatment on the cast ingot, enabling the cast ingot to be heated uniformly through the homogenization treatment, and optimizing the organization structure of the alloy; then rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material for intermittent annealing treatment, eliminating internal stress generated in the machining process and damage to a microstructure, optimizing a crystal structure, recovering the electrical property of the wire rod, and optimizing the mechanical property, so that the tensile property, the flexibility and the fatigue resistance of the material can be kept well matched; and then aging the annealed aluminum alloy rod material in a uniform electric field, so that the performance of the whole material can be uniformly distributed, and all performance comprehensive indexes can be well matched. The invention optimizes the preparation method of the aluminum alloy, so that the tensile property, flexibility, electrical property, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the material are well matched, and the properties of the whole material are uniformly distributed, thereby obtaining the aluminum alloy with good comprehensive properties.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in part by weight:
0.01 to 1.6wt% of Fe;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Cu;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Mg;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Co;
0.001 to 0.2wt% Be;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Ca;
0.001 to 0.2wt% of Zn;
0.01 to 3.0wt% of RE;
the balance being aluminum.
According to the invention, iron is used asIs characterized by micro-alloy elements, because aluminum can form Al with iron3Fe, Al precipitated3The Fe dispersed particles inhibit creep deformation of the alloy and improve the stability of the connection. Fe can improve the tensile strength, yield strength and heat resistance of the aluminum base, and can also improve the plasticity of the alloy. In the preparation process of the aluminum alloy, part of Fe in the alloy is Al3Fe is precipitated in a form, part of Fe and RE form an AlFeRE compound to be precipitated, and after high-temperature annealing treatment, the solid solution of Fe in an aluminum base is smaller, so that the influence of Fe on the electrical property of the alloy is small; however, the dispersed precipitated phases can enhance the fatigue resistance and the high-temperature running heat resistance of the alloy, and the precipitated phases of the rare earth compounds can also improve the yield strength. The Fe content in the alloy is below 0.01wt%, the change of the aluminum-based performance is small, the effect cannot be achieved, but the Fe content cannot be too high, if the Fe content exceeds 1.6wt%, the weakening of the aluminum-based electrical performance is obvious, the Fe-based alloy can influence the use of the Fe-based alloy in the fields of electric wire and cable conductors, cable accessories and electric appliances, and therefore the effect of controlling the total content to be below 1.6wt% is good. The content of Fe is 0.01-1.6 wt%, preferably 0.20-1.0 wt%, more preferably 0.25-0.6 wt%, and more preferably 0.30-0.45 wt%.
Copper is the basic strengthening element in aluminum alloys, and forms theta (Al) with aluminum2Cu) phase and theta phase have the effects of solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved. If the content of copper is less than 0.001wt%, improvement in mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy is insignificant, and if it exceeds 0.3wt%, electrical conductivity is reduced. In addition, Cu can also improve the thermal performance of the aluminum alloy. The Cu content is 0.001 to 0.3wt%, preferably 0.008 to 0.28wt%, more preferably 0.01 to 0.25wt%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.20wt%, and most preferably 0.10 to 0.15 wt%.
In the invention, magnesium with larger atomic radius is added into the aluminum alloy, and magnesium can cause lattice distortion and solid solution hardening; meanwhile, magnesium can also improve the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy. However, the content of magnesium should not exceed 0.3wt%, and too high results in an excessive increase in electrical resistance and a decrease in heat resistance. The content of magnesium is 0.001 to 0.3wt%, preferably 0.005 to 0.25wt%, more preferably 0.01 to 0.20wt%, and most preferably 0.05 to 0.15 wt%.
According to the invention, high-activity element cobalt is selected as alloying trace additive element, and the cobalt can form AlCo and Al in the alloy3Co2、AlCo2And various dispersible high temperature strengthening phases; it forms Al between dendrites in coexistence with iron4Complex strengthening phases such as (CoFe) and the like hinder dislocation and prevent grain slippage, and effectively improve the fatigue resistance and creep resistance of the alloy at room temperature and high temperature, thereby improving the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy. The cobalt content is 0.001-0.3 wt%, preferably 0.003-0.28 wt%, more preferably 0.005-0.25 wt%, most preferably 0.01-0.20 wt%, most preferably 0.055-0.18 wt%.
Beryllium (Be) forms alpha and beta dispersive high-temperature strengthening phases in the alloy, can prevent the oxidation, burning loss and air suction of alloy elements, and improves the smelting quality of the alloy and the compactness of a surface oxide film. Be can also change impurity iron from needle shape to cluster grain shape, can prevent sand mould casting and model recoil when pouring. Be is highly efficient in degassing melts due to its high affinity for oxygen and nitrogen, and thus produces superior castings with better surface finish, higher strength, and improved ductility. On the other hand, the addition of Be to the alloy can transform the brittle Fe intermetallic crystals from large acicular and lamellar forms to small equiaxed crystals, improve the strength and ductility of the alloy, and can allow for higher Fe content in the aluminum alloy. Be can also improve the fluidity of the aluminum alloy, increase the fluidity of the melt, and improve the tensile strength and yield limit of the alloy. According to the invention, the content of Be is 0.001-0.2 wt%, preferably 0.005-0.18 wt%, more preferably 0.10-0.15 wt%.
Calcium (Ca) element, as a characteristic additive element of complex compounds, forms Al in the alloy melt4Ca、Al2Ca3、AlCa2The metal compounds can strengthen the high-temperature performance of the aluminum alloy and enhance the heat resistance and the fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy, and the metal compounds can not cause great influence on the electrical performance of the aluminum alloy when the metal compounds are below 0.3 wt%. The calcium content is 0.001-0.3 wt%, preferably 0.004-0.28 wt%, more preferably 0.011-0.25 wt%, and most preferably 0.05-0.20 wt%%, preferably 0.08 to 0.15wt%, most preferably 0.10 to 0.12 wt%.
The invention adds a trace amount of zinc into the aluminum alloy, and the zinc and Al form REAL in the melt2Zn3、Fe3Al2Zn and other metal compounds can improve the tensile property of the aluminum alloy, effectively improve the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy to a certain degree, and improve the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy. The zinc content is 0.001 to 0.2wt%, preferably 0.005 to 0.18wt%, more preferably 0.01 to 0.15wt%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.12wt%, and most preferably 0.08 to 0.10 wt%.
According to the invention, the rare earth element is added into the aluminum alloy, the rare earth element can improve the conductivity of the alloy, and the rare earth element can refine crystal grains, form stable compounds with Fe, Cu and other elements in the alloy, and separate out from crystals, so that the primary crystal temperature of an electrolyte is reduced, the movement speed of ions is accelerated under the action of an electric field, and the concentration overpotential is reduced, thereby the resistivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced. On the other hand, the rare earth elements have higher affinity with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the like than aluminum to form a plurality of compounds, so that the rare earth is a purifier for degassing, denitrifying, slagging, neutralizing trace low-melting-point impurities and changing the impurity state in the alloy, and can play a better refining role, so that the alloy becomes purer, the resistivity is greatly improved, and the conductivity can reach 60 percent IACS. On the other hand, the rare earth elements can form a compact oxide film structure, so that the rare earth elements have a good effect on improving the oxidability and the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloy, and the service life of the aluminum alloy is prolonged. In addition, the rare earth is a surface active element and can be intensively distributed on a crystal interface to reduce the tensile force between phases, so that the work for forming critical-size crystal nuclei is reduced, the number of the crystal nuclei is increased, and the crystal grains are refined. And secondly, after smelting, high-temperature annealing and aging treatment in a uniform electric field, Fe and RE form complex aluminum-iron rare earth metal in Al, so that the fatigue resistance and yield limit of the alloy are improved, the use effect of the alloy in practical application is improved, and the service life of the alloy is prolonged.
The rare earth element RE is lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (samariumSm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y), preferably one or more of Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm and Lu. Wherein the rare earth Pm forms Al in the alloy11Pm3~AlPm2Etc. 6 active metal compounds; rare earth Sm forms Al in alloy11Sm4、Al3Sm、Al2Sm、AlSm、AlSm3An isoreactive metal compound; formation of EuAl in alloys with rare earth Eu4、EuAl2Active metal compounds such as EuAl; formation of Al in alloys with rare earth Gd4Gd~Al17Gd27 kinds of refractory metal compounds; rare earth Tb forms Al in the alloy3Tb、Al2Tb、AlTb、AlTb2、AlTb3Refractory active metal compounds; rare earth Dy forms Al in the alloy5Dy~Al17Dy2Equal 8 refractory active metal compounds; formation of Al from rare earth Ho in alloys5Ho3、Al3Ho、AlHo2、AlHo3Refractory active metal compounds; rare earth Tm forms Al in the alloy3Tm2、Al3Tm、AlTm、AlTm3Refractory active metal compounds; formation of Al in alloys by rare earth Lu7Lu3、Al5Lu3、Al2Lu3、AlLu2、AlLu3And the like. The high melting point active metal compound is dispersed and distributed among the reticular or skeleton intercrystalline and dendritic intercrystalline, and is firmly combined with the matrix, thereby playing the role of strengthening and stabilizing the crystal boundary. Meanwhile, Fe, Cu and other elements in the molten metal can be neutralized to form high-melting-point compounds or the high-melting-point compounds are uniformly distributed in the whole crystal structure among dendrites, and the dendrite structure is eliminated, so that the comprehensive performance of the alloy material is improved. The content of the rare earth element is 0.01-3.0 wt%, preferably 0.03-2.5 wt%, more preferably 0.05-1.5 wt%, and most preferably 0.1-0.6 wt%.
According to the invention, the matrix aluminum in the aluminum alloy can be industrial pure aluminum of Al99.70, so that the aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has the advantages of sufficient raw material supply, low cost, convenient purchase and the like; meanwhile, the aluminum base can also adopt refined aluminum or high-purity aluminum as a base alloy, the aluminum base has higher quality than a common aluminum base material, and the processed product has more advantages in the aspects of electrical property and mechanical property.
The invention provides an Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components: 0.01 to 1.6wt% of Fe, 0.001 to 0.3wt% of Mg, 0.001 to 0.3wt% of Co, 0.001 to 0.2wt% of Be, 0.001 to 0.3wt% of Ca, 0.001 to 0.2wt% of Zn, 0.01 to 3.0wt% of RE and the balance of aluminum. The invention takes aluminum as a base, adds a trace amount of iron, and the aluminum can form Al with the iron3Fe, Al precipitated3The Fe dispersed particles inhibit the creep deformation of the alloy, part of Fe and RE form AlFeRE compounds to be separated out, the separated-out phase AlFeRE can enhance the fatigue resistance and the high-temperature running heat resistance of the alloy, and the separated-out phase of the rare earth compounds can also improve the yield limit strength; copper and aluminum form a theta phase, so that a good effect of improving the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is achieved; the invention also adds magnesium element, which makes crystal lattice generate distortion to cause solid solution hardening; meanwhile, the magnesium can also improve the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy; cobalt forms various dispersive high-temperature strengthening phases in the alloy, so that the fatigue resistance, creep resistance and heat resistance of the alloy at room temperature and high temperature are improved; the beryllium improves the processing property of the aluminum alloy and can improve the tensile strength, yield limit and oxidation resistance of the alloy; calcium can form a metal compound in the alloy melt, so that the high-temperature performance of the alloy is enhanced, and the heat resistance and the fatigue resistance of the alloy are enhanced; zinc forms REAL with Al2Zn3、Fe3Al2Zn and other metal compounds play a role in improving the tensile property of the alloy and effectively improving the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy to a certain extent; the rare earth elements are surface active elements and can be intensively distributed on a crystal interface, so that the tension between phases is reduced, and the crystal grains are refined. The invention is beneficial to improving the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy by adding a plurality of metal elements and controlling the content of the elements.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
a) casting the following raw materials to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot: 0.01-1.6 wt% of Fe, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Cu, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Mg, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Co, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Be, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Ca, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.01-3.0 wt% of RE and the balance of aluminum;
b) homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy rod material;
c) carrying out intermittent annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy rod obtained in the step b);
d) and c), carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step c) to obtain the aluminum alloy.
According to the present invention, step a) is a casting process to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, and in order to sufficiently melt and uniformly distribute various elements, the casting process preferably includes: putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to 720-800 ℃ in a sealed environment, preserving heat, adding Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn or Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca and Al-Zn intermediate alloys after the aluminum ingot is melted, uniformly stirring, and adding rare earth element RE to obtain an alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, carrying out furnace refining, and keeping the temperature for 20-40 min to obtain an alloy liquid; degassing and deslagging the alloy liquid, and casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot. Because the aluminum is not easy to be burnt and the adding amount is more, the aluminum is firstly added into the smelting furnace, and then other metal elements are added. The alloy elements are preferably added in the above sequence, so that loss of various elements does not occur after smelting, and various elements can be fully dissolved and uniformly distributed.
The step b) is a homogenization treatment stage, the homogenization treatment temperature is preferably 450-550 ℃, more preferably 480-520 ℃, and the homogenization treatment time is preferably 2-8 hours, more preferably 3-6 hours. Carry out homogenization treatment with the aluminum alloy ingot casting, can guarantee that the ingot casting is at the in-process of rolling pole material, its intensity and ductility have better matching to avoid adopting traditional mode to lead to the destruction of material microstructure and further influence the processing property. In order to ensure that the ingot is heated uniformly, optimize the organization structure of the alloy and avoid the generation of internal structure defects caused by too fast temperature rise or temperature reduction of the alloy in the processing process, the temperature rise speed of the homogenization treatment is preferably 3-8 ℃/min, and more preferably 5 ℃/min. And (3) after homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain the aluminum alloy rod material.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy rod, namely carrying out batch annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy rod in an annealing furnace. The intermittent annealing treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy rod to 280-350 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 hours, then cooling, reducing the temperature to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, and then cooling. In order to avoid the aluminum alloy material from being oxidized at high temperature to cause the material to be weakened in electrical properties and surface corrosion resistance, the annealing treatment is preferably performed under an inert atmosphere. The invention adopts intermittent step-by-step annealing treatment and gradually cools, and the treatment mode can eliminate the internal stress generated in the machining process and the damage to the microstructure, optimize the crystal structure, recover the electrical property of the wire rod, optimize the mechanical property and keep better matching of the tensile property, the flexibility and the fatigue resistance of the material.
And after the aluminum alloy rod material is annealed, the annealed aluminum alloy rod material is subjected to aging treatment. The aging treatment is preferably carried out in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 5-15 KV/cm. The temperature of the aging treatment is preferably 250-320 ℃, more preferably 280-300 ℃, and the time of the aging treatment is preferably 4-20 hours, more preferably 8-15 hours, and most preferably 10-13 hours. The aging treatment is carried out on the basis of the annealing treatment technology, so that the characteristics of uneven distribution of the internal and external properties or local defects of the material caused by uneven heat conduction in the annealing treatment process can be further compensated. The performance of the whole material can be uniformly distributed through aging treatment, and all performance comprehensive indexes can be well matched. Therefore, the effective combination of the annealing treatment and the aging treatment plays a crucial role in optimizing the overall performance of the material, and the two treatments are not necessary. According to the invention, the aging treatment is preferably carried out in a high-strength uniform electric field, so that the arrangement, matching and migration of atoms are changed on the first aspect, the solid solution degree of alloy elements is improved on the second aspect, uniform nucleation of a T1 phase is induced, and the yield strength of the alloy is improved; after the homogenization treated sample is subjected to aging treatment, precipitated phases are uniformly dispersed and distributed, and the mechanical property of the alloy is greatly improved; in the third aspect, the precipitation form and the amount of fine crystal structures are changed, so that the orientations of the form, the size, the distribution and the like generated in the solid phase transition of the material are controlled, the structure of the material is controlled, and finally, excellent mechanical properties and electrical properties are obtained.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out homogenization treatment on the cast ingot, then rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot into a rod material, then putting the rod material into an annealing furnace, carrying out annealing treatment, and then carrying out aging treatment in a uniform electric field, so that the tensile property, the flexibility, the electrical property, the corrosion resistance and the fatigue resistance of the material are well matched, and the properties of the whole material are uniformly distributed, thereby obtaining the aluminum alloy with good comprehensive properties. According to the aluminum alloy material, multiple alloy elements are added, and a heat treatment technology is adopted, so that the heat resistance of pure aluminum is greatly improved, the long-term operation temperature of the aluminum alloy material is 220 ℃, the creep phenomenon is small, the tensile strength keeps 93% of residual rate, the change of mechanical properties under high-temperature operation is small, the fatigue resistance is also well improved, the repeated bending times of the aluminum alloy reach 36 times, and the loss of different degrees of the aluminum alloy used as a conductor wire core in the installation process can be avoided; the flexibility of the alloy is quite good through a heat treatment technology, the installation bending radius of the cable is more than 4 times of the outer diameter of the cable, the ductility of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved, the elongation rate exceeds 30%, the damage phenomenon easily caused by the action of tensile force cannot occur, the processing performance is very good, and the alloy is suitable for being drawn into monofilaments with different sizes, wherein the diameters of the monofilaments are more than 0.1 mm.
The invention also provides a power cable which comprises a wire core, an insulating layer, a shielding layer and a protective layer, wherein the wire core is made of aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy contains 0.01-1.6 wt% of Fe, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Cu, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Mg, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Co, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Be, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Ca, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.01-3.0 wt% of RE and the balance of aluminum; the preparation method of the aluminum alloy is prepared by the method according to the scheme. The preparation method of the power cable is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be a method well known to those skilled in the art.
The aluminum alloy in the scheme of the invention is used as the wire core of the power cable, so that the power cable has better comprehensive performance, and experimental results show that: the prepared aluminum alloy has the conductivity of more than 60 percent, the tensile strength of more than 115MPa, the elongation at break of more than 30 percent, the long-term operation heat-resistant temperature of 220 ℃ and the strength residual rate of 93 percent after the heat-resistant operation test, the 90-degree repeated bending times of 36 times, the 400-hour corrosion resistance and the mass loss of less than 0.9g/m2Hr, minimum bend radius greater than 4 times the cable outer diameter, monofilament minimum diameter greater than 0.1 m.
For further understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the method for preparing the same, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 720 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding pure metals of Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca and Zn, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until the mixture is sufficiently and uniformly stirred, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 650 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 5 ℃/min to 450 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after heat preservation for 6 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 280 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 5kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 250 ℃, and the aging time is 4h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Example 2
(1) Putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 740 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca and Al-Zn intermediate alloy, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 3 ℃/min to 550 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after heat preservation for 16 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 360 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 15kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 320 ℃, and the aging time is 20h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Example 3
(1) Putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 760 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding pure metals of Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca and Zn, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until the mixture is sufficiently and uniformly stirred, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 680 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 8 ℃/min to 500 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after heat preservation for 10 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 10kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 260 ℃, and the aging time is 10h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Example 4
(1) Putting the aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 780 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding pure metals of Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca and Zn, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until the mixture is sufficiently and uniformly stirred, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 750 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 5 ℃/min to 480 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after heat preservation for 8 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 170 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 12kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 260 ℃, and the aging time is 14h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Example 5
(1) Putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 800 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca and Al-Zn intermediate alloy, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 700 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at the speed of 6 ℃/min to 490 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after heat preservation for 18 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 320 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 190 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 12kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 310 ℃, and the aging time is 16h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Example 6
(1) Putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 730 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca and Al-Zn intermediate alloy, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 800 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 7 ℃/min to 460 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after heat preservation for 14 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 190 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 11kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 305 ℃, and the aging time is 18h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Example 7
(1) Putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 750 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca and Al-Zn intermediate alloy, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 4 ℃/min to 470 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after heat preservation for 12 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 340 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 170 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 12.5kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 315 ℃, and the aging time is 17h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Example 8
(1) Putting an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot and preserving heat at 790 ℃, wherein the melting process is finished in a sealed environment; firstly adding pure metals of Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca and Zn, uniformly stirring, then adding rare earth RE, stirring for 20min until the mixture is sufficiently and uniformly stirred, standing and preserving heat for 30 min; then carrying out furnace refining on the alloy melt; adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, uniformly stirring, standing and preserving heat for 30min, and refining the melt in a sealed environment; refining, slagging, standing, adjusting the temperature to 750 ℃, pouring the alloy liquid out of the furnace, degassing, deslagging, and then casting in a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the components of the ingot are listed in Table 1;
(2) heating the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at 510 ℃, and rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into a rod material after keeping the temperature for 13 hours;
(3) annealing the rod material obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere, heating to 310 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, reducing the annealing temperature to 170 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the rod material obtained in the step (3) in a uniform electric field with the electric field intensity of 8kV/cm, wherein the aging temperature is 285 ℃, and the aging time is 14h, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The aluminium alloys prepared according to the above method were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
Selecting a standard aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, wherein the content of impurities except silicon, iron and copper is not more than 0.02 weight percent; putting the aluminum ingot into an aluminum melting furnace for melting, and adding 0.15wt% of zirconium, 0.25wt% of copper, 0.70wt% of iron and 0.25wt% of yttrium, wherein the alloying temperature is 750 ℃; homogenizing, stirring, refining, degassing, slagging, and removing slag, wherein the refining temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 725 ℃, the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is covered with a solid covering agent, standing is carried out for 60min, stokehole chemical composition analysis is carried out, and monitoring and adjusting are carried out to control the element content; continuously casting the aluminum liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy casting strip; rolling the aluminum alloy cast strip into an aluminum alloy rod, wherein the rolling temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 500 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is 250 ℃; performing wire drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy rod at the wire drawing speed of 20 m/s, and drawing the aluminum alloy rod into the required high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy round wire after wire drawing for multiple times; and (3) carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round wire at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 120min, and cooling the heat-treated aluminum alloy round wire to obtain the heat-resistant aluminum alloy round wire. The prepared aluminum alloy round wire is subjected to performance test, and the result is shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
Selecting eight tons of aluminum ingots, wherein the impurity content (except silicon, iron and copper) is not more than 0.02wt%, putting the aluminum ingots into a circular aluminum melting furnace for melting, and simultaneously adding 0.10wt% of zirconium, 0.02wt% of copper, 0.35wt% of iron, 0.20wt% of silicon and 0.35wt% of rare earth, wherein the alloying temperature is 730 ℃; homogenizing, stirring, refining, degassing, slagging, and removing slag, wherein the refining temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 725 ℃, the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is covered with a solid covering agent, standing is carried out for 40min, stokehole chemical composition analysis is carried out, and monitoring and adjusting are carried out to control the element content; continuously casting the aluminum liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy casting strip; rolling the aluminum alloy cast strip into an aluminum alloy rod, wherein the rolling temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 500 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is 250 ℃; carrying out wire drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy rod, wherein the wire drawing speed is 10 m/s, and drawing the aluminum alloy rod into the required high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy round wire after wire drawing for multiple times; and (3) carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round wire at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 200min, and cooling the heat-treated aluminum alloy round wire to obtain the heat-resistant aluminum alloy round wire. The prepared aluminum alloy round wire is subjected to performance test, and the result is shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3
Adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.70wt% into a shaft furnace, heating to 750 ℃, melting the aluminum ingot, heating to 750 ℃, sequentially adding 0.86wt% of Fe, 0.11wt% of Cu, 0.15wt% of Mg, 0.13wt% of Zr, 0.29wt% of Ca, 0.13wt% of Sc, 0.33wt% of Y and 0.23wt% of Er, completely dissolving the aluminum ingot, and adjusting the alloy components to a set range, wherein the alloy elements are all added in the form of aluminum master alloy; preserving the temperature at 760 ℃ for 30min, adding 0.15wt% of refining agent, removing slag and degassing, and then casting into an aluminum alloy casting; introducing the aluminum alloy casting into a rolling mill, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy casting introduced into the rolling mill is 450 ℃, and the finishing temperature of the aluminum alloy casting introduced into the rolling mill to form an aluminum alloy rod is 300 ℃; cold-drawing the aluminum alloy rod to form 3.0mm aluminum alloy wires, drawing 7 aluminum alloy wires, and twisting to obtain a conductor wire core; and (3) annealing the aluminum alloy conductor at the annealing temperature of 370 ℃ for 12h, stopping heating the furnace body, naturally cooling in the annealing furnace, and taking out the aluminum alloy conductor from the furnace after 24h to obtain the aluminum alloy conductor. The prepared aluminum alloy wire was subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 composition table (wt%) of aluminum alloys prepared in examples
TABLE 2 data sheet for performance testing of aluminum alloys prepared in examples and comparative examples
TABLE 2 data sheet for performance testing of the aluminium alloys prepared in the examples and comparative examples (continuation sheet)
As can be seen from the comparison in Table 2, the aluminum alloy material of the present invention has significant advantages in comprehensive properties, particularly, the heat resistant temperature can reach 220 ℃ in long-term operation, and the strength residual rate after the heat resistant operation test can be obtained93 percent, the 90-degree repeated bending times reach 36 times, the minimum bending radius is more than 4 times of the outer diameter of the cable, and the mass loss of a 400-hour corrosion resistance test is less than 0.9g/m2Hr, filament minimum processing diameter greater than 0.1 mm.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy comprising:
0.01 to 1.6wt% of Fe;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Cu;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Mg;
0.001 to 0.3wt% of Co;
0.001 to 0.2wt% Be;
0.05 to 0.20wt% of Ca;
0.001 to 0.2wt% of Zn;
0.01 to 3.0wt% of RE;
the balance being aluminum.
2. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising 0.25 to 0.6 wt.% Fe.
3. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising 0.1 to 0.6 wt.% RE.
4. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising 0.01 to 0.15 wt.% Zn.
5. A preparation method of Al-Fe-Zn-RE aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) casting an aluminum alloy ingot with the following components: 0.01-1.6 wt% of Fe, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Cu, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Mg, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Co, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Be, 0.001-0.3 wt% of Ca, 0.001-0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.01-3.0 wt% of RE and the balance of aluminum;
b) homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy rod material;
c) carrying out intermittent annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy rod obtained in the step b);
d) and c), carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step c) to obtain the aluminum alloy.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 450 to 550 ℃, the time of the homogenization treatment is 6 to 16 hours, and the temperature rise rate of the homogenization treatment is 3 to 8 ℃/min.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the step c) is specifically:
heating the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step b) to 280-350 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 h, then cooling, reducing the temperature to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h, and then cooling.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the aging treatment is performed in a uniform electric field having an electric field strength of 5 to 15 kV/cm.
9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment is 250 to 320 ℃, and the time of the aging treatment is 4 to 20 hours.
10. A power cable comprising a core, an insulating layer, a shielding layer and a protective layer, wherein the core is the aluminum alloy of any one of claims 1 to 4 or the aluminum alloy prepared according to any one of claims 5 to 9.
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