CN101573029A - 用于有害动物的毒药 - Google Patents
用于有害动物的毒药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101573029A CN101573029A CNA2007800443188A CN200780044318A CN101573029A CN 101573029 A CN101573029 A CN 101573029A CN A2007800443188 A CNA2007800443188 A CN A2007800443188A CN 200780044318 A CN200780044318 A CN 200780044318A CN 101573029 A CN101573029 A CN 101573029A
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- tretazicar
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- bait
- noxious animal
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/004—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits rodenticidal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/06—Nitrogen directly attached to an aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
- A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom three- or four-membered rings
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂在毒害有害动物中的应用。可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂,其中在所述口服制剂中,Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解,并且所提供的制剂不是含固体Tretazicar的明胶胶囊。Tretazicar制剂,在所述制剂中Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解,并且所述制剂以液体形式存在。Tretazicar和诱饵的组合。毒害有害动物的方法,其包括向有害动物投放可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂,并允许所述有害动物摄取或吸入该Tretazicar制剂。
Description
本发明涉及选择性地毒害有害动物(例如啮齿动物,特别是老鼠(rats))的方法。
本说明书中对在先公开文件的列举或讨论不应视为承认该文件为本领域现有技术的一部分或公知常识。
有害动物(vermin),如老鼠,是存在于世界各地的问题。例如,据估算世界粮食供应量的10%被老鼠消耗或破坏。英国老鼠的总数估计为约6千万,这几乎与英国的人口总数相同。在英国,褐鼠(Rattus norvegicus)的总数已出现显著的增长,特别是在英国伦敦周围的区域。造成老鼠总数增加的原因可能为老化排污系统的朽坏以及维护经费的缺乏、塑料建筑产品的应用、快餐店的增多、不断增加的城市垃圾、不良的卫生状况、地方政府用于控制有害动物的经费减少,以及老鼠对第一代和第二代毒药的抗性。
老鼠对多种已知毒药的抵抗力越来越强。此外,已知的毒药通常对其他物种(如人类、宠物、其他哺乳动物和鸟类)具有毒性,例如,作为正在进行的恢复计划目标的保护物种红鸢(red kites)。红鸢的数量可能会由于食用被鼠用毒药毒死的老鼠而受到威胁。关于这一点,现已在鸢体内发现了毒药的残留物。
市场上用于毒害有害动物(特别是老鼠)的主要毒药产品仍然是第一代的抗凝剂杀鼠灵(warfarin)及其类似物,以及第二代的抗凝剂,例如溴敌隆(bromadiolone)。第一代抗凝剂通常受到老鼠和其他有害动物产生的抗性的影响。虽然第二代抗凝剂通常较少产生抗性,但对其他很多物种具有剧毒。
老鼠难以被毒药毒杀,这是因为老鼠的食性反映了其作为食腐动物的地位。已知老鼠最初会回避新食物,而且在首次采食诱饵时的初次取样量很小。如果此后迅速发生不良反应,则不会再次采食该诱饵,这种情况被称为诱饵排斥(bait-shyness)。因此,有效的鼠用毒药通常为慢效型。也就是说,症状发作慢,这样啮齿动物将持续食用诱饵,从而避免诱饵排斥。下文描述了鼠用毒药的其他理想特征。
毒药应合乎有害动物的口味,并且平均诱饵消耗量中的毒药应该具有对有害动物的毒性。此外,有害动物不应对毒药产生免疫性或生理耐受性。
理想的毒药应特异地针对一个物种或一组物种,例如老鼠。目标物种的年龄和性别不应影响其易感性。毒药对人类和其他生物(例如家养动物)的有害性应尽可能小。还应尽可能地减小对食腐动物的次级毒害威胁。
理想的毒药应具有低生产成本,并易于配制到固体和/或液体的诱饵中。优选地毒药应降解为无害产物。
化合物Tretazicar为5-(氮丙啶-1-基)-2,4-二硝基苯甲酰胺(CB 1954),其结构如下所示:
Tretazicar的C.A.S.登记号为No.21919-05-1,其合成方法以及作为抗癌剂的用途已描述于Khan&Ross,″Tumour growth inhibitorynitrophenylaziridines and related compounds:structure-activity relationships″,Chem-Biol Interactions 1,27-47和Cobb et al(1969)Biochem.Pharmacol.18,1519-1527中。
Tretazicar能够根治特定的老鼠肿瘤(荷瓦克氏瘤,“Walker tumour”),但对其他各种肿瘤几乎没有或完全没有作用(Cobb et al(1969)Biochem.Pharmacol.18,1519-1527),并且在对人类的临床肿瘤研究中没有显示任何治疗效果(Knox et al(1993)Cancer and Metastasis Rev.12,195-212)。现已发现存在于荷瓦克氏瘤中的硝基还原酶能够通过还原Tretazicar的4-硝基基团而活化Tretazicar,进而形成化合物5-氮杂环丙基-4-羟氨基-2-硝基苯胺(5-aziridino-4-hydroxylamino-2-nitrobenzamine),而在存在细胞内硫酯的条件下,5-氮杂环丙基-4-羟氨基-2-硝基苯胺是强效的亲电子DNA交联剂(Knoxet al(1988)Biochem.Pharmacol.37,4661-4669;Knox et al(1991)Biochem.Pharmacol.42,1691-1697)。人类细胞中相应的酶的还原动力学较慢,从而造成人类细胞对CB 1954的作用不敏感(Boland et al(1991)Biochem.Pharmacol.41,867-875)。
除其强效和特异的抗癌活性之外,还发现Tretazicar对老鼠具有毒性(Cobb(1970)Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.17,231-238)。然而,Cobb认为因为Tretazicar暴露于胃的酸性环境会使其失活,所以必须将Tretazicar直接施用到十二指肠(或通过其他给药途径,例如皮下、静脉内和腹膜内给药)而不能进行口服(Cobb(1970)Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.17,231-238)。Workman等人指出,当将Tretazicar包装到明胶胶囊中时,其在犬中的口服生物利用度为约40%(Workman et al(1986)Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol.16,1-8),但没有提出用于抗癌应用的Tretazicar口服制剂。
出人意料的是,本发明人发现化合物Tretazicar能够用作用于有害动物的可口服或可经鼻施用的毒药,即便不具备全部的理想特征,该毒药也具有上文所述的鼠用毒药的多个理想特征。考虑到Tretazicar被发现已有35年以上并被认为不适合通过口服途径施用,这一点是令人意想不到的。
本发明提供可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂在毒害有害动物中的应用。
所述短语“可口服”包括该制剂可被有害动物摄取(ingestible)的含义。换句话说,该制剂可通过口服途径(即通过食用或饮用)进入有害动物体内或被有害动物摄入。在被有害动物摄取时,该制剂可有效毒害该有害动物(并且如果充分摄取,则会杀死该有害动物)。当被有害动物摄取或摄入时,该制剂通常还允许Tretazicar在该有害动物体内发挥细胞毒性作用。包含Tretazicar的口服制剂受到保护而免于酸水解,例如受到保护而免受胃酸的影响。
可口服的制剂通常是可耐受有害动物的胃酸并将Tretazicar以能够被吸收并具有细胞毒性作用的形式递送到胃以外的胃肠道部分(例如肠,特别是十二指肠)的制剂。
本发明包括Tretazicar在毒害有害动物中的应用,其中Tretazicar被有害动物通过口服途径摄入。在本发明的这一方面,Tretazicar是可口服的。
所述短语“可经鼻施用”包括该制剂可被有害动物吸入或穿过有害动物的鼻粘膜或参与气体交换的膜而被有害动物吸收的含义。例如,可通过Tretazicar制剂的吸入便利地毒害生活于巢穴中的有害动物。因此,可通过气溶胶制剂中的Tretazicar毒害有害动物(即,使其受毒气毒害)。
所述“毒害”包括以杀死有害动物为目的,利用Tretazicar影响有害动物功能、导致有害动物的结构性损伤或其他伤害的含义。优选通过本发明的应用、制剂、组合(例如,组合物)和方法杀死有害动物。
术语“有害动物”是指动物,特别是惹人厌烦的小动物。例如,有害动物包括啮齿动物(特别是老鼠)、鸟类(如鸽子)和小哺乳动物(如鼹鼠、兔子和松鼠)、各种害鼠(species of bandicoot)、各种乳鼠(species of mastomys)和外寄生虫(如蚤类(fleas)、蜱类(ticks)、虱类(lice)和螨类)。
本发明提供了Tretazicar制剂,在所述制剂中,Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解,并且所述制剂以液体形式存在。
本发明还提供了可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂,其中在口服制剂中Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解,并且制剂不是含固体Tretazicar的明胶胶囊制剂。为避免疑义,明胶胶囊并非微囊,根据下文的讨论,微囊也包含在本发明的范围之内。
已知Tretazicar的氮杂环丙烷环对酸水解敏感(参见,例如上文引用的Workman等人的文献)。因此,先前认为,因为胃的酸性环境会使氮杂环丙烷环水解,所以Tretazicar不适合口服。Tretazicar的开环水解产物对有害动物没有毒性(Khan&Ross,Chem Biol Interact,1,27-47(1969))。
本发明的组合物或制剂优选以使Tretazicar免于酸水解的形式而包含Tretazicar。具体而言,优选本发明组合物或制剂包含Tretazicar的形式能够在温度37℃、pH 1-7(例如pH 1-4,更优选pH 1-3,如pH 1-2)的条件下保护Tretazicar免于酸水解至少1小时。因此,可保护Tretazicar使其免于受到有害动物胃中酸性环境的影响。例如,认为老鼠胃中的pH为1.9-3,而在此pH范围内Tretazicar可受到保护而免于酸水解。
例如,可通过包衣或封装Tretazicar来实现对Tretazicar的保护,使其免于酸水解。这样,可阻止在有害动物胃的酸性环境中释放Tretazicar。例如,Tretazicar可被封装在微囊中,所述微囊包含选自明胶、淀粉、蜡、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素(cellulose acetate phthalate)、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯(polyvinyl acetate phthalate)、甲基丙烯酸共聚物及其混合物的成分。然而,如上所述,本发明的制剂不包括含固体Tretazicar的明胶胶囊制剂。
所用术语“淀粉”包括改性淀粉(例如,作为改性淀粉的纤维素)以及淀粉衍生物,例如所述母体化合物的醚或酯。所用淀粉优选具有食品级或制药级的质量。
术语“微囊”是指封装Tretazicar的微球或微粒,其基本为球状并且其大小为“微米级(μm)”。便利的是,包含Tretazicar的微囊作为液体悬液或浆液存在,或作为固体存在。
可理解,尽管需要保护Tretazicar使其免于在有害动物的胃环境中发生酸水解,但也需要在进入肠,特别是十二指肠后释放Tretazicar,从而使其在有害动物体内发挥细胞毒性作用,并毒害有害动物。因此,在特别优选的实施方案中,肠环境(pH通常接近7,例如约6-8或6.5-7.5)可脱去保护Tretazicar免受胃中酸性环境影响的任何包衣(即,封装剂(或称包裹剂))。聚合材料,如纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(如羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯)和/或乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯可充当Tretazicar的包衣或封装剂,其可耐受胃的酸性环境,但在肠(如十二指肠)的环境下分解。因此,可将Tretazicar便利地制成能够抵抗胃中的酸水解并且可以在肠(例如十二指肠)中释放Tretazicar的制剂。制剂中的Tretazicar可以以固体形式存在或以液体形式(即溶液)存在。优选制剂中的Tretazicar以固体形式(例如,作为粉末)存在。
如上所述,老鼠是特别令人厌烦的有害动物。本发明人出人意料地发现由于多个原因,Tretazicar特别适合毒害老鼠。例如,与其他啮齿动物相比,Tretazicar具有特别针对老鼠的毒性。现已报道,在经腹腔给药时Tretazicar在大鼠中的LD50为28mg/kg,而在小鼠中为220mg/kg(Sheard et at(1971)Br.J.Cancer 25,838-844)。此外,本发明人出人意料地发现,在通过口服途径给药时,Tretazicar在老鼠中的毒性作用被延迟。该特征被认为有助于防止诱饵排斥。
本发明提供了Tretazicar和诱饵的组合。
术语“诱饵”是指吸引、诱惑或引诱有害动物的手段。诱饵可使用味道、气味、形状、颜色或其他方式吸引、诱惑或引诱有害动物。例如,可使用装置的颜色或形状来吸引有害动物。然而,优选诱饵通过味道和/或气味吸引、诱惑或引诱有害动物。本发明的组合可以是可吸入的或可摄取的,并且优选可被有害动物(特别是啮齿动物,如老鼠)摄取的组合物。因此,诱饵优选为食料,并且该组合物优选包含Tretazicar和食料。
食料可以是能够作为食物使用的任何材料或物质。因此,诱饵可以简单地为通过味道和/或气味吸引有害动物的液体。术语食料不包括水本身,但包括其他食料的水溶液或油溶液,例如糖溶液。在一个优选的实施方案中,诱饵并非主要由花生油(peanut oil或arachis oil)或花生油和丙酮的混合物组成。换而言之,本发明的组合优选并非仅仅包含花生油和Tretazicar,或仅包含Tretazicar和花生油及丙酮。
优选地,所述食料为选自谷类、肉类、乳制品、水果、蔬菜、豆类、豆类植物(pulses)和坚果的固体食料。优选地,所述食料包含谷类,例如小麦、燕麦粉、大麦、黑麦、稻谷、玉米或小米。
据设想,可将上文描述的本发明制剂与诱饵混合。例如,优选本发明的组合物和口服制剂包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar溶液。这使得Tretazicar与诱饵的混合更均匀彻底,并且可有助于掩盖Tretazicar的味道或气味,从而避免诱饵排斥。
例如,可将Tretazicar的油溶液与固体诱饵(例如,固体食料)混合。所述油通常是可食用的,并可具有有助于掩盖Tretazicar的味道或气味的味道或气味。优选的油是花生油。另一种优选的油是植物油(vegetable oil)。
其他实施方案包括Tretazicar的口服制剂(例如,抵抗胃中的酸水解,但在肠中发生释放的封装剂型)和吸引有害动物的装置或食料(特别是固体食料)的组合。可便利地将Tretazicar的口服制剂以添加到吸引有害动物的装置或食料中的形式提供给希望毒害有害动物的人,并随同附上毒害有害动物的使用说明。也可便利地与Tretazicar的口服制剂一起提供或单独提供吸引有害动物的装置或食料。
与上文所述的本发明制剂类似,该组合物优选保护Tretazicar免受酸水解。因此,可保护Tretazicar使其免于在有害动物胃的酸性环境中发生水解。换而言之,该组合物适合在到达有害动物的肠(例如十二指肠)之前抵抗Tretazicar的释放。例如,这可通过上文所述的包衣或封装Tretazicar来实现。
本发明还提供了毒害有害动物的方法,其包括向有害动物投放可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂,并允许有害动物摄取或吸入该Tretazicar制剂。
优选将Tretazicar制剂置于有害动物频繁出现的地点或区域,例如地下室、排水管和排水体系。
理想地,口服制剂中Tretazicar的量足以毒害出现在该制剂投放地点的有害动物。然而,有时难以确定在某地点频繁出现的有害动物的数量。无论如何,优选Tretazicar的投放量足以毒害(优选杀死)至少一只所摄取的有害动物。更优选地,Tretazicar的投放量足以毒害(优选杀死)至少一只老鼠。便利地,向有害动物投放的Tretazicar量足以毒害(优选杀死)至少5只,优选至少10只或以上,更优选至少20只有害动物。考虑到有害动物(特别是老鼠)的食性,最好使有害动物一次食用(摄取)Tretazicar的量不足以致死,而是需要重复的摄取才能递送致死剂量。这样可以促使有害动物返回放置Tretazicar的地点和/或不止一个向有害动物投放Tretazicar的地点或区域。
通常,在单个地点至少需要投放500mg混有诱饵的Tretazicar。当然,考虑需要毒害的有害动物在该地点的出现频率和/或数量,该剂量将取决于有害动物的数量和大小。在此基础上,能够计算应足以毒害或杀死给定数量老鼠的Tretazicar的量。例如,在排水体系可能出现数百只、数千只乃至更多的老鼠。在这种情况下,可在单个地点投放200g乃至1kg的Tretazicar。
如上文中关于本发明组合物的描述,用于本发明方法的Tretazicar的口服制剂优选包含诱饵。更优选地,该制剂包含与Tretazicar溶液(例如花生油溶液)混合的诱饵。
优选地,经配制而用于本发明方法的Tretazicar制剂能够在到达有害动物的肠道之前抵抗Tretazicar的释放。这通常通过上文所述的方法实现,例如微囊化。
Claims (44)
1.可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂在毒害有害动物中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其用于毒害啮齿动物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的应用,其用于毒害老鼠。
4.可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂,其中在所述口服制剂中,Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解,并且所述制剂不是含固体Tretazicar的明胶胶囊制剂。
5.Tretazicar制剂,其中,在所述制剂中,Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解,其中所述制剂以液体形式存在。
6.如权利要求5所述的制剂,其中Tretazicar为封装的或包衣的。
7.如权利要求6所述的制剂,其中Tretazicar封装于微囊中。
8.如权利要求7所述的制剂,其中所述微囊包含选自明胶、淀粉、蜡、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、甲基丙烯酸共聚物及其混合物的成分。
9.Tretazicar和诱饵的组合。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合,其中所述诱饵包括吸引有害动物的手段。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的组合,其中所述诱饵为吸引有害动物的装置。
12.如权利要求9或10任一项所述的组合,其为组合物。
13.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述组合物是可吸入的。
14.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述组合物为可摄取的。
15.如权利要求14所述的组合物,其中所述诱饵包括食料。
16.如权利要求15所述的组合物,其中所述食料为谷类。
17.如权利要求14-16中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物可被啮齿动物食用。
18.如权利要求17所述的组合物,其中所述组合物为可被老鼠食用。
19.如权利要求10-13中任一项所述的组合或权利要求14-18中任一项所述的组合物,其中Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解。
20.如权利要求14-19中任一项所述的组合物,其包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar溶液。
21.如权利要求20所述的组合物,其包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar油溶液。
22.如权利要求20或21所述的组合物,其包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar花生油溶液。
23.如权利要求20或21所述的组合物,其包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar植物油溶液。
24.如权利要求14-23中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物适合在其到达有害动物肠道之前抵抗Tretazicar的释放。
25.如权利要求24所述的组合物,其中Tretazicar封装于微囊中。
26.如权利要求25所述的组合物,其中所述微囊包含选自明胶、淀粉、蜡、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、甲基丙烯酸共聚物及其混合物的成分。
27.毒害有害动物的方法,其包括向有害动物投放可口服或可经鼻施用的Tretazicar制剂,并允许所述有害动物摄取或吸入该Tretazicar制剂。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法,其中在有害动物频繁出现的地点提供Tretazicar制剂。
29.如权利要求27或28所述的方法,其中Tretazicar的投放量足以杀死至少一只有害动物。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中Tretazicar的投放量足以杀死至少一只啮齿动物。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中Tretazicar的投放量足以杀死至少一只老鼠。
32.如权利要求27-31中任一项所述的方法,其中在单个地点向有害动物投放的Tretazicar的量为至少100mg。
33.如权利要求27-32中任一项所述的方法,其中Tretazicar受到保护而免于酸水解。
34.如权利要求27-33中任一项所述的方法,其中所述Tretazicar制剂包含诱饵。
35.如权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述Tretazicar制剂包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar溶液。
36.如权利要求34或35所述的方法,其中所述Tretazicar口服制剂包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar油溶液。
37.如权利要求34-36中任一项所述的方法,其中所述Tretazicar口服制剂包含混有诱饵的Tretazicar花生油溶液。
38.如权利要求27-37中任一项所述的方法,其中所述Tretazicar口服制剂适合在其到达所述有害动物肠道之前抵抗Tretazicar的释放。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中在与所述诱饵混合之前将所述Tretazicar封装到微囊中。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述微囊包含选自明胶、淀粉、蜡、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、甲基丙烯酸共聚物及其混合物的成分。
41.基本如本文所述的Tretazicar的口服或经鼻施用制剂的任何新应用。
42.基本如本文所述的Tretazicar的任何新制剂。
43.基本如本文所述的Tretazicar和诱饵的任何新组合。
44.基本如本文所述的使用Tretazicar毒害有害动物的任何新方法。
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GB0619326A GB2442202A (en) | 2006-09-30 | 2006-09-30 | Vermin poison |
GB0619326.2 | 2006-09-30 | ||
PCT/GB2007/003704 WO2008038023A1 (en) | 2006-09-30 | 2007-09-28 | Vermin poison |
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EP (1) | EP2081426B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5542442B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101573029B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007301678B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2694341C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2553881T3 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2442202A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2009003443A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ576521A (zh) |
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US8785428B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
EP2081426A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
CA2694341C (en) | 2013-04-30 |
JP5542442B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
AU2007301678B2 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
AU2007301678A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
RU2009116431A (ru) | 2010-11-10 |
GB0619326D0 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
CN101573029B (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
MX2009003443A (es) | 2009-04-14 |
ZA200902962B (en) | 2012-10-31 |
US20100166871A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
CA2694341A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
NZ576521A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
EP2081426B1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
WO2008038023A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
US20140294949A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
GB2442202A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
RU2476071C2 (ru) | 2013-02-27 |
ES2553881T3 (es) | 2015-12-14 |
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