CN101562993A - 包含鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的膳食和药物组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
包含鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的膳食和药物组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101562993A CN101562993A CNA2007800433557A CN200780043355A CN101562993A CN 101562993 A CN101562993 A CN 101562993A CN A2007800433557 A CNA2007800433557 A CN A2007800433557A CN 200780043355 A CN200780043355 A CN 200780043355A CN 101562993 A CN101562993 A CN 101562993A
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- carnosol
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- rosemary
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于(作为药物)治疗下述病症的鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚所述病症与降低的神经传递、认知功能障碍和/或由头痛和/或偏头痛引起的症状相关,本发明还涉及膳食和药物组合物及其用途。
Description
发明概述
本发明涉及用作药物的鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚,所述药物用于治疗与受损的(例如降低的)神经传递相关的病症。另外,其涉及含有鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的膳食和药物组合物及其用途。
发明背景
众所周知,受损的神经传递例如低神经递质水平与精神疾病相关,如抑郁和广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)、提高的压力易感性和认知功能障碍。
提高脑中的神经递质水平并从而提高它们的传递的化合物可显示抗抑郁特性,并显示对多种其它精神病症的有益作用(Neurotransmitters,Drugsand Brain Function R.A.Webster(ed),John Wiley&Sons,New York,2001,p.187-211,289-452,477-498)。主要的神经递质是血清素、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline)(=去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine))、乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。与情绪相关病症尤其相关的神经递质包括血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺,而谷氨酸和乙酰胆碱神经传递涉及认知功能。这样达成增强或延长的神经传递:通过抑制进入突触前神经末端的再摄取,来提高突触间隙中的神经递质浓度,或通过抑制降解酶(如单胺氧化酶(MAO)-A和-B)来预防神经递质代谢。此外,人们还对神经肽,如降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)感兴趣。
抗抑郁药和情绪相关病症
三环抗抑郁药(TCA)如丙米嗪(imipramine)、阿米替林(amitriptyline)和氯米帕明(clomipramine)抑制血清素和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取。它们被广泛认为是属于可获得的最有效的抗抑郁药,但是它们具有大量缺点,因为它们还与毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱-、组胺-和血清素-受体相互作用。这些活性导致的副作用除包括体位性低血压以外还包括口干燥、视力模糊、便秘和尿潴留。最重要的是,过量服用TCA是不安全的,通常显示急性心脏毒性。
另一类抗抑郁药是阻断血清素转运蛋白(SERT)的所谓的SSRI(选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂),包括氟西汀(fluoxetine)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)、舍曲林(sertraline)、西酞普兰(citalopram)和氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine),它们能封闭血清素转运蛋白(SERT)——高亲和性的氯化钠依赖性神经递质转运蛋白,其通过摄取5-羟色胺来终止血清素激活的神经传递。它们已被证明在治疗抑郁和焦虑症时与TCA同样有效,但是通常能被更好地耐受。这些药物通常以低剂量开始,并提高至其达到治疗水平。常见的副作用是恶心。其它可能的副作用包括降低的食欲、口干燥、出汗、感染、便秘、震颤、呵欠、嗜睡和性功能障碍。
另外,通过抑制MAOs-A和-B更广泛地预防神经递质代谢的化合物显示抗抑郁的作用。MAOs催化含胺基的神经递质如血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的氧化。
另外,神经传递的调节剂(modulator)可因此对精神和认知功能显示多效作用。
存在对治疗或预防精神疾病和/或病症的化合物的需要,所述化合物不显示已知抗抑郁药的不利副作用。许多患者对下述备选疗法感兴趣,所述备选疗法能够最小化高剂量药物相关的副作用,并产生累加的临床益处。严重的抑郁是一种长期并复发的疾病,其通常很少被诊断出来。另外,许多患者患有温和或中度严重的抑郁。因此,对下述化合物以及药物和/或膳食组合物开发的兴趣越来越大,所述化合物或组合物可被用于在风险人群中治疗精神疾病/病症或预防精神疾病/病症(如抑郁和抑郁症)的发生,以稳定情绪并达到感情平衡。
患者通常遭受由于GAD的复合病变(comorbidity)到抑郁或孤独,所述GAD是初级护理(~10%患者)中一种高度盛行的焦虑病症和慢性病(Wittchen,et al 2005Eur.Neuropsychopharm.15:357-376)。患者对他们的初级护理医师表达多种生理症状。GAD的特征是慢性紧张和焦虑的担忧和紧张(>6个月),这是无能为力并且不能控制的,并且伴随着特征性的警觉过度综合征(包括坐立不安、肌肉紧张和睡眠问题)。如果不治疗的话,GAD进行慢性的、波动的过程,并趋向于随着年龄变得越来越严重。GAD患者遭受亚综合征(subsyndromal)的抑郁,并作用于所有焦虑症和抑郁病症的最高的总体直接和间接健康经济负担。尽管GAD发病率高,但是很少有患者被诊断、开出药物处方或接受精神病治疗;需要帮助患者识别和监测的简单诊断工具。即使有特异的诊断,医师仍需要有效的GAD-症状疗法。SSRI如帕罗西汀对GAD治疗是有效的(Stocchi et al.2003,J.Clin.Psych.,63(3):250-258)。另外,全身性评估和有安慰剂对照的RCT(随机化的临床试验)表明一些SSRI(依他普仑(escitalopram)、帕罗西汀和舍曲林)、SNRI(选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂)文拉法辛(venlafaxine)、一些苯并二氮杂卓类(阿普唑仑(alprazolam)和地西泮(diazepam))、TCA、丙米嗪和5-HT1A部分激动剂、丁螺环酮在急性治疗中均是有效的。一般而言,治疗的影响通常是中等的,当治疗周期停止时症状复发。因此,使用具有比SSRI更少的副作用并可长时间应用的化合物进行连续长期治疗或预防可能比药物治疗更有利。
情绪病症和职业压力(occupational stress)可导致睡眠障碍、失眠、低睡眠质量和昼夜节律(所谓的生物节律)的整体性失调;这些病症的性质通常是慢性和持久的。另外,由远距离航班(飞行时差(jet-lag))和轮班工作导致的昼夜节律失调可引起相似的症状和苦恼(distress)。因此,可能最期望的是用膳食补剂治疗,以维持正常的昼夜节律(人或动物所习惯的昼夜节律)和/或减轻和预防与紊乱的昼夜节律相关的症状,如认知功能和记忆损伤,和精神和生理疲劳。
头痛和偏头痛
头痛的主要原因是:紧张、偏头痛、眼疲劳、脱水、低血糖和鼻窦炎。头痛可分为原发性头痛和继发性头痛(secondary headach)。原发性头痛病症包括偏头痛、紧张相关的头痛和丛集性头痛,其不与任何病理变化相关。继发性头痛病症(即由病理状态引起的头痛)包括传染性-、新生物-、血管-、药物-、诱导的-或自发性-起源的任何头痛。原发性头痛如偏头痛和丛集性头痛影响多达20%的世界人口,严重地影响生活质量。其特征是周期性发生的单侧头痛,伴随着恶心、呕吐和畏光。
在偏头痛期间,三叉神经节被激活并释放神经肽CGRP,导致血管舒张和肥大细胞脱粒作用,随后释放炎性剂。接着发生三叉神经元的致敏,引发的朝向CNS的伤害感受传递(nociceptive transmission)造成了与偏头痛相关的疼痛、恶心和畏光(见Durham and Russo(1999),J.Neurosci.,19(9),3423-3429)。因此,头痛和CGRP的释放之间存在清楚的关联;偏头痛和丛集性头痛均显示与提高的血浆CGRP水平相关,所述提高的CGRP水平在疼痛缓解后恢复至正常。
另外,对三叉血管疼痛感受途径(trigeminovascular nociceptive pathway)的激活可由低血清素能活性来协助(Hamel(2007),Cephalalgia,27(11):1293-1300),而用活化5-HT1B/1D受体的triptans(例如舒马普坦)处理能够通过降低CGRP水平缓解急性偏头痛攻击(Edvinsson,L.et al 2007,CNS Neurol.Disord.Drug Targets,6(4):240-246)。另外,无心血管副作用的小分子CGRP拮抗剂已显示在治疗偏头痛中是有效的(Edvinsson,L.,2007,ExpertOpin.Ther.Targets,11(9):1179-88)。CGRP受体的阻断在预防和治疗绝经期潮红中也是有效的。
认知、学习和记忆
如上所述,情绪的维持和调控主要涉及血清素-、去甲肾上腺素-和多巴胺-神经递质体系,而作用于烟碱和毒蕈碱受体的乙酰胆碱在认知过程中起作用,所述认知过程包括有意识的知觉、注意和工作记忆。已知胆碱能激动剂改善记忆,而拮抗剂通常损伤记忆。重要的是,除了涉及神经病病症(neuropsychiatric disorders,如注意力-缺陷活动过度病症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病)的乙酰胆碱受体体系以外,在无精神病的健康人中还存在烟碱受体介导的认知增强的迹象,而在共同施用毒蕈碱和烟碱拮抗剂后可发生提高的认知损伤。类似地,乙酰胆碱的代谢酶——乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制除了在健康受试者中改善认知表现以外,在治疗与阿尔茨海默病相关的认知缺陷中可以是有效的。
另外,长时程增强(LTP)(该术语用于描述突触传递的长时间增强,并被广泛认为是脑中记忆形成和储存的主要机制之一)主要涉及N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体复合物和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑丙酸(AMPA)受体,这两种受体均结合主要的刺激性神经递质谷氨酸。除了谷氨酸以外,NMDA受体需要共同激动剂甘氨酸,从而调控受体功能。甘氨酸转运蛋白(GlyT-1和-2)通过将甘氨酸再摄取进突触前神经末端或神经胶质细胞中,在突触后甘氨酸能作用的终止和低细胞外甘氨酸浓度的维持中起重要作用。
人们对化合物以及营养药物组合物的开发存在越来越大的兴趣,所述化合物和营养药物组合物可用于在年老和年轻人、日常工作中需要特别高记忆和注意的人(包括学生、建筑工人、司机、飞行员、医生、销售、行政人员、家庭主妇、“高性能专业人员”和处于精神或日常压力下的人,以及易于精神病学不稳定如精神分裂症的人)中改善学习、记忆和机警。
因此,人们非常想要能增强NMDA受体功能,以除了增强血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺、能够改善情绪以外,还能够改善学习、记忆和机警的化合物或营养药物组合物。
发明详述
根据本发明已发现,鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酚及其混合物可用作药物治疗与降低的神经传递相关的病症。
另一方面,本发明涉及有效量的鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚或其任何混合物用于制造下述组合物的用途,所述组合物用于治疗与降低的神经传递相关的病症,尤其是用于制造抗抑郁药、情绪/生活力改善剂、减压剂(stressreliever)、状况改善剂(condition improver)、焦虑减轻剂(reducer ofanxiety)、强迫行为减轻剂(reducer of obsessive-compulsive behaviour)、弛缓剂(relaxant)、睡眠改善剂(sleep improver)和/或失眠缓解剂(insomniaalleviator)和认知增强剂(cognitive enhancer)的用途。另外,这样的组合物也可用作头痛和/或偏头痛缓解剂。
还在另一方面,本发明涉及含有效量鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的膳食组合物,以及至少含有效量鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚和常规药物运载体的药物组合物。
另外,本发明涉及用于在动物(包括人)中治疗与降低的神经传递相关的病症的方法,所述方法包括对有需要的动物(包括人)施用有效剂量的鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚。
在本发明的上下文中,动物包括人,并包括哺乳动物、鱼和鸟。优选的动物是人、宠物和伴侣动物和农业动物。宠物和伴侣动物的例子是犬、猫、鸟、水族箱鱼(aquarium fish)、荷兰猪、(jack)兔、野兔和雪貂。农业动物的例子是鱼、猪、马、反刍类(牛、绵羊和山羊)和家禽。
附图说明
图1显示鼠尾草酚(式I的化合物)和迷迭香酚(式II的化合物)的结构。
更优选的是(4aR,9S,10aS)-鼠尾草酚和(4aR,9S,10aS)-迷迭香酚。
术语“迷迭香酚”/“鼠尾草酚”还包括基于植物材料或提取物的总重而言以至少30w.t.-%(即从30到100w.t.-%),优选地以至少50w.t.-%(即从50到100w.t.-%)的量,更优选地以至少70w.t.-%(即从70到100w.t.-%)的量,最优选地以至少90w.t.-%(即从90到100w.t.-%)的量含有迷迭香酚和/或鼠尾草酚的任何植物材料或提取物。本发明上下文中使用的术语“植物的材料”和“植物材料”表示植物的任何部分。
“鼠尾草酚”表示外消旋混合物以及纯(4aR,9S,11aS)-鼠尾草酚或纯(4aS,9R,10aR)-鼠尾草酚或它们的任何混合物或非对映异构体。鼠尾草酚可从植物中分离,所述植物包括鼠尾草、希腊鼠尾草和迷迭香。因此,该表述也包括这些植物的任何材料或提取物,或基于植物材料或提取物的总重以至少30w.t.-%(即从30到100w.t.-%),优选地以至少50w.t.-%(即从50到100w.t.-%)的量,更优选地以至少70w.t.-%(即从70到100w.t.-%)的量,最优选地以至少90w.t.-%(即从90到100w.t.-%)的量含有鼠尾草酚的任何其它植物材料或提取物。“鼠尾草酚”表示“天然的”(经分离的)和“合成的”(制造的)鼠尾草酚。
对鼠尾草酚的合成描述于若干文章中,即Tetrahedron 2003,59(18):3297-3305中。
“迷迭香酚”表示外消旋混合物以及纯(4aR,9S,10aS)-迷迭香酚或纯(4aS,9R,10aR)-迷迭香酚或其任何混合物或非对映异构体。迷迭香酚可从植物中分离,所述植物包括鼠尾草、马郁兰、迷迭香、百里香、Salvia sp.和Lepechinia sp。因此,该表述也包括这些植物的任何材料或提取物,或基于植物材料或提取物的总重以至少30w.t.-%(即从30到100w.t.-%),优选地以至少50w.t.-%(即从50到100w.t.-%)的量,更优选地以至少70w.t.-%(即从70到100w.t.-%)的量,最优选地以至少90w.t.-%(即从90到100w.t.-%)的量含有迷迭香酚的任何其它植物材料或提取物。“迷迭香酚”表示“天然的”(经分离的)和“合成的”(制造的)迷迭香酚。
对迷迭香酚的合成描述于例如J.Nat.Prod.2002,65(7):986-989中。
鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚(无论是作为纯化合物或是作为植物材料或植物提取物的组分)可用在膳食和药物组合物中,用于治疗与降低的神经传递相关的病症。
在本发明的上下文中,“治疗”也包括共同治疗以及预防。“预防”可表示第一次发作(一级预防)或复发(二级预防)。
因此,本发明还涉及在动物(包括人)中预防与降低的神经传递相关的病症的方法,所述方法包括对有需要的动物(包括人)施用有效剂量的鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚或其任何混合物。在这一点上,有效剂量的鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚可特别用于维持精神正常,用于维持平衡的认知功能,用于帮助降低情绪波动的风险,用于帮助保持积极的情绪和用于支持认知健康,用于帮助维持良好的睡眠质量和用于帮助最小化与头痛和/或偏头痛相关的症状。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“病症”还包括疾病。
用于治疗与降低的神经传递相关的病症的药物/组合物包括抗抑郁药、情绪/生活力改善剂、减压剂、状况改善剂、认知增强剂、焦虑减轻剂和强迫行为减轻剂、弛缓剂、睡眠改善剂和/或失眠缓解剂和头痛和/或偏头痛减轻剂。它们均能改善、增强和支持神经传递,特别是在中枢神经系统中,并因而减轻精神功能障碍。
抗抑郁药是用于治疗精神-、行为-和感情/情感-、神经-、神经变性-、进食-和压力-相关病症的药物/组合物,所述病症如单相抑郁、双相抑郁、急性抑郁、慢性抑郁、亚慢性抑郁、抑郁症、产后抑郁、月经前病理性心境恶劣(dysphoria)/综合征(PMS)、更年期抑郁综合征、攻击、注意力缺陷病症、社交焦虑症、季节性情感障碍和焦虑(病症)如GAD、纤维肌痛综合征、创伤后应激病症、惊恐性障碍(panic disorders)和强制性障碍(obsessive-compulsive disorders)、下肢不宁综合征(restless leg syndrome)、神经质、偏头痛/原发性头痛和一般性疼痛、呕吐、食欲过盛、神经性厌食、狂饮-进食障碍、胃肠道病症、身心衰竭综合征(burn-out syndrome)和易激惹(irritability)。
抗抑郁药也可用于(制造组合物,所述组合物用于)对神经认知损伤进行一级和二级预防和/或治疗。另外,它们也能有效治疗抑郁症状或与受干扰的神经传递相关的、作为慢性疾病(如心血管疾病、中风、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏症及其它)中的复合病变发生的其它症状。
因此,鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚,以及含有(特别是基于植物材料或提取物的总重而言至少30w.t.-%的量,优选地至少50w.t.-%的量,更优选地从70到90w.t.-%的量,最优选地至少90w.t.-%的量)它们的植物材料和植物提取物(的混合物),和含有它们的膳食/药物组合物适用于治疗动物,包括人。
在本发明的又一实施方案中,鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚可用作一般情绪改善剂,以及用于制造用于这类用途的组合物(基于植物材料或提取物的总重以至少70w.t.-%的量,优选地至少90w.t.-%的量含有它们的植物材料/提取物;膳食/药物组合物)。“情绪改善剂”、“感情健康加强剂”或“生活力改善剂”表示经其治疗的人情绪增强,自我尊重提高,和/或负面想法和/或负面紧张减少。还表示感情平衡,和/或一般(特别是精神)健康和生活力被改善或维持,以及情绪波动的风险(被帮助)降低,和正面情绪(被帮助)保留。
鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚或其任何混合物也可一般性地用作为用于动物(包括人)的焦虑减轻剂和/或强迫行为减轻剂;优选地用于人、宠物动物和农业动物。
“焦虑减轻剂”表示慢性紧张和焦虑的担忧和紧张被减少或减轻。警觉过度综合征(Hypervigilance syndrome)被减少或缓解,其包括不安(restlessness)、肌肉紧张(muscle tension)和睡眠问题。社交恐怖症和其它恐怖症被减轻或解决。一般而言,社交环境会被感觉为较不具有威胁性。人感情上得以放松,体验舒适并享受其它人的陪伴和接触。
“弛缓剂”、“睡眠改善剂”或“失眠缓解剂”表示改善睡眠开始以及帮助人容易地进入睡眠,以整晚维持不受干扰的睡眠。其还表示归因于飞行时差(jet-lag)或轮班工作的昼夜节律相关的睡眠紊乱被纠正,与失眠相关的症状(即认知功能和记忆受损,精神和生理疲劳,多梦)被除去或缓解,总体生活质量和生机能量(vital energy)被提高。
另外,鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚以及包含有效剂量鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的组合物可用于治疗、预防和缓解压力相关的症状,用于治疗、预防和缓解与超负荷工作、衰竭和/或身心衰竭相关的症状,用于提高对压力的抗性或耐性,和/或在正常健康个体中支持和促进放松,即这些组合物具有“减压剂”的作用。
本发明的又一实施方案涉及鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚作为“状况改善剂”的用途,并涉及含有鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的组合物(基于植物材料或提取物的总重以至少70w.t.-%的量,优选地至少90w.t.-%的量含有鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的植物材料/提取物;膳食/药物组合物)作为“状况改善剂”的用途,即作为下述手段的用途,所述手段用于在患病或正常的健康个体中降低应激性和疲劳,降低、预防或缓解生理和精神疲劳,和在更普遍的情况下提高能量,特别是提高脑能量生产。另外,对于一般认知改进而言,因此作为“认知增强剂”作用,并特别用于维持或改善注意和集中,改善记忆和记忆能力,改善学习能力、语言加工、问题解决和智力功能;用于改善短期记忆;用于提高精神机警;用于增强精神警觉;用于减轻精神疲劳;用于支持认知健康和用于维持平衡的认知功能。另外,这些组合物可用作“头痛和/或偏头痛缓解剂”,即作为下述手段,所述手段降低与头痛和/或偏头痛相关的症状,如头痛、恶心、视觉受干扰和畏光,以及用于调节饥饿和饱满感,和用于调节运动活动。
兽医用途
宠物和农业动物可处于需要增强的或改善的神经传递的状态下,所述增强或改善的神经传递可由本发明提供。动物可针对压力情况显示不利的行为和/或生理反映;在大量生产环境中饲养或在不利条件下运输的动物可显示肉或乳品质或数量的降低;应激的家禽可采取拔掉羽毛(feather-picking)、减少产卵和同种相残。许多动物在不利的居住或运输条件下会变得好斗或显示刻板-(stereotypic-)、焦虑-和强迫的行为。
因此,本发明的另一方面是鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚和含有鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的组合物作为膳食/药物组合物的兽医用途。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚或含有它们任一或二者的植物材料或提取物被施用,用于在农业动物中和大量生产的家畜饲养业、运输至屠宰场期间预防压力,和/或用于预防这类环境下所述农业动物的肉品质损失。农业动物优选地是家禽、牛、绵羊、山羊和猪。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚或含有它们任一或二者的植物材料或提取物被施用给家禽,用于预防拔掉羽毛和同种相残,所述拔掉羽毛和同种相残导致例如肉品质和卵生产的损失。
本发明的另一方面是在水产养殖中预防和/或缓解压力的方法,包括对有需要的动物施用鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚,或含有它们任一或二者的植物材料或提取物,其中所述动物是鱼或虾。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚,或含有它们任一或二者的植物材料或提取物被施用给宠物或陪伴动物,用于减轻在压力条件下显示的压力、紧张和进攻性和强迫行为,所述压力条件如主人的分离、改变或丢失,假日分离期间和所谓的“动物旅馆”中的饲养,和动物保护地或保护区中的饲养。
本发明的再一方面是在用于皮毛工业的动物(优选地为水貂、狐狸和野兔)中预防/减少与压力条件相关症状的方法。
本发明优选的剂量和组合物
对本发明的目的而言,用于人的鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚或其任何混合物的合适的每日剂量可在每天每kg体重0.001mg到每kg体重约20mg的范围内。更优选的是每kg体重从约0.01到约10mg的每日剂量,特别优选的是每kg体重从约0.05到5.0mg的每日剂量。可相应地计算含鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚任一或二者的植物材料或植物提取物的量。
术语“膳食组合物”包括任何类型的(强化)食物/饲料和饮料,还包含临床营养品和膳食补充剂。根据本发明的膳食组合物可还含有保护性水胶体、粘合剂、成膜剂、包封剂/材料、壁/壳材料、基质化合物、包衣、乳化剂、表面活性剂、增溶剂(油、脂肪、蜡、卵磷脂等等)、吸附剂、载体、填充剂、辅助化合物、分散剂、湿润剂、加工助剂(溶剂)、流动剂、遮味剂、增重剂、啫喱化剂(jellyfying agents)、凝胶形成剂、抗氧化剂和抗微生物剂。
除了可药用载体和至少鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚任一以外,根据本发明的药物组合物还可含有常规的药物添加剂和佐剂、赋形剂或稀释剂、调味剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂、润滑剂、着色剂、湿润剂、填充剂等等。载体材料可以是适用于口/肠胃外/可注射施用的有机或无机惰性载体。
根据本发明的膳食和药物组合物可以是适用于对动物体(包括人体)施用的任何盖仑形式(galenic form),特别是对经口施用而言常规的任何形式,例如固体形式如食物或饲料(用于食物或饲料的添加剂/补充剂)、食物或饲料预混合物、强化的食物或饲料、片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、锭剂、胶囊和泡腾配制物如粉末和片剂,或液体形式如溶液、乳液或悬浮液,如例如饮料、糊剂和油悬浮液。糊剂可以被填充进硬壳或软壳胶囊中。其他应用形式的例子是用于经皮、肠胃外或可注射施用的形式。膳食和药物组合物可以是受控(延迟)释放配制物的形式。
强化食物的例子是谷物棒和烘焙物如蛋糕和曲奇。
饮料包括无醇饮品和含酒精的饮品,以及要添加进饮用水和液体食物中的液体制剂。无醇饮品为例如软饮、运动饮品、果汁、柠檬水、接近水的饮品(例如具有低卡路里含量的基于水的饮品)、茶和基于乳的饮品。液体食物为例如汤和乳制品(例如什锦谷物饮品)。
在用于人的固体剂量单位制剂中,鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚或其任何混合物以下述范围内的用量适当地存在,所述范围是每剂量单位从约0.1mg到约1000mg,优选地从约1mg到约500mg。
在用于人的膳食组合物,特别是食物和饮料中,鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚或其任何混合物以下述范围内的量适当地存在,所述范围是基于食物或饮料的总重而言从约0.0001(1mg/kg)到约5w.t.-%(50g/kg),优选地从约0.001%(10mg/kg)到约1w.t.-%,(10g/kg),更优选地从约0.01(100mg/kg)到约0.5w.t.-%(5g/kg)。
在食物和饮品中,范围是每份从10到30mg,即每kg食物或饮品120mg。
对除人之外的动物而言,鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚或其任何混合物的合适的每日剂量可在每天每kg体重从0.001mg到每kg体重约1000mg的范围内。更优选的是在每kg体重从约0.1mg到约500mg的范围内的每日剂量,特别优选的是每kg体重从约1mg到100mg范围内的每日剂量。
本发明通过以下的实施例进一步阐述。
实施例
以下实施例中使用的鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚由DSM Nutritional ProductsLtd.,Kaiseraugst,瑞士的化学家合成。所有化合物纯度>95%。
通过血浆膜转运蛋白质在突触接头处对它们的快速摄取和清除来调节单胺神经递质、血清素、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的作用。中枢单胺能神经元中的单胺转运蛋白负责多达90%被释放的神经递质的回收,并且是大量神经活性剂如可卡因、苯丙胺和抗抑郁药的高亲和力靶标。这些药剂通过阻断转运蛋白并因而防止神经元摄取,提高中枢和外周神经系统二者中的细胞外神经递质浓度,有助于其行为效应(behavioural effect)和自主效应(autonomic effect)。因此,通过以下三个实施例阐述鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚对血清素、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素摄取的抑制。
实施例1
鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚对血清素摄取的抑制
从R.Blakely,Vanderbilt University,USA获得稳定表达人血清素再摄取转运蛋白(hSERT)的人胚肾(HEK-293)细胞。在含10%经透析的胎牛血清(Invitrogen)、青霉素、链霉素、L-谷氨酰胺和抗生素G418的Dulbecco’s改良的Eagle’s培养基(Bioconcept)中常规地培养细胞,并通过胰蛋白酶消化来对细胞进行传代。测定当天,通过用温热的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)柔和洗涤,从80%汇合烧瓶中收集细胞。然后通过离心将细胞洗涤一次,并以160μl缓冲液中10,000个细胞的浓度重悬于补充了35μM帕吉林(pargyline)、2.2mM CaCl2、1mM抗坏血酸和5mM N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N’-2-甲磺酸(HEPES缓冲液)的Krebs-Ringer碳酸氢盐缓冲液(Sigma)中,并以每孔10,000个细胞分装于圆底聚丙烯96-孔微量滴定板(Corning)中。如下文所述来测定进入细胞的血清素摄取:以20nM的浓度添加放射性标记的[3H]-血清素(GE Healthcare),并在37℃下柔和摇动孵育40分钟。这段时间结束时,使用Tomtec Mach III M细胞收获仪,通过滤经Unifilter 96GF/B平板(Perkin Elmer)来去除未掺入的标签。使用Microscint-40/Topcount(Perkin Elmer),通过液体闪烁计数法对保留在平板上的被掺入的血清素加以定量。
如下文所述来测定鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酚和参考化合物氟西汀对血清素摄取的影响:在添加[3H]-血清素之前10分钟或期间,将其以一定的浓度范围(鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚:0.003-100μM;氟西汀:0.03nM-1μM)包含在测定中。它们各自以剂量依赖性的方式抑制血清素通过转运蛋白的摄取。表1中显示它们各自抑制血清素摄取所计算的IC50值。
表1:鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酚和参考化合物氟西汀对血清素摄取进入经转染的HEK-293细胞的抑制。数据显示为均值±标准误差(n=2)。
化合物 | IC50 |
鼠尾草酚 | 26.6±6.9μM |
迷迭香酚 | 23.2±9.7μM |
氟西汀 | 5nM |
实施例2
鼠尾草酚对多巴胺摄取的抑制
在测定前对表达人多巴胺转运蛋白(hDAT)的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)-K1细胞加以涂布。在改良的Tris-HEPES缓冲液(5mM Tris-HCl,7.5mMHEPES,pH 7.1)中,将细胞(2x105/ml)与鼠尾草酚和/或载体于25℃下孵育20分钟,然后添加50nM[3H]-多巴胺孵育10分钟,所述改良的Tris-HEPES缓冲液还含有120mM NaCl、5.4mM KCl、1.2mM CaCl2、1.2mMMgSO4、5mM D-葡萄糖和1mM抗坏血酸。在存在10μM诺米芬辛(nomifensine)(多巴胺再摄取抑制剂)时测定特异信号。然后用1%SDS裂解缓冲液溶解细胞。相对于载体对照50%或更多(≥50%)的[3H]-多巴胺摄取减少表明显著的抑制活性。在十个浓度(0.00316-100μM)下测试鼠尾草酚,在五个浓度(0.001-0.1μM)下测试诺米芬辛。这些相同的浓度被同时应用于分离的细胞组,并且只有在观察到显著的摄取抑制时才评价可能的化合物诱导的细胞毒性。
表2:针对鼠尾草酚和参考化合物诺米芬辛对多巴胺再摄取进入经转染的CHO-Ki细胞的抑制,测量的IC50值。
化合物 | IC50 |
鼠尾草酚 | 10.3μM |
诺米芬辛 | 0.0104μM |
实施例3
鼠尾草酚对去甲肾上腺素摄取的抑制
在测定前一天对稳定表达人去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白(hNAT)的MadinDarby犬肾(MDCK)细胞加以涂布。在改良的Tris-HEPES缓冲液(5mMTris-HCl,7.5mM HEPES,pH 7.1)中,将细胞(2x105/ml)与鼠尾草酚和/或载体于25℃下孵育20分钟,然后添加25nM[3H]-去甲肾上腺素孵育10分钟,所述改良的Tris-HEPES缓冲液还含有120mM NaCl、5.4mM KCl、1.2mM CaCl2、1.2mM MgSO4、5mM D-葡萄糖和1mM抗坏血酸。然后将各孔中的细胞冲洗两次,用1%SDS裂解缓冲液溶解,并分析裂解物以测定[3H]-去甲肾上腺素摄取。在存在10μM地昔帕明(desipramine)(三环抗抑郁药,其抑制去甲肾上腺素再摄取)时测定特异信号。相对于载体对照50%或更多(≥50%)的[3H]-去甲肾上腺素摄取减少表明显著的抑制活性。在十个浓度(0.00316-100μM)下测试鼠尾草酚,在五个浓度(0.5-50nM)下测试地昔帕明。这些相同的浓度被同时应用于分离的细胞组,并且只有在观察到显著的摄取抑制时才评价可能的化合物诱导的细胞毒性。
表3:鼠尾草酚和参考化合物地昔帕明对去甲肾上腺素再摄取进入经转染的MDCK细胞的抑制,测量的IC50值。
化合物 | IC50 |
鼠尾草酚 | 30.6μM |
地昔帕明 | 1.93nM |
实施例4
鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚对单胺氧化酶的抑制
有机胺对-酪胺或苄胺分别被用作单胺氧化酶A(MAO-A)和B(MAO-B)酶的底物。通过与香草酸的反应定量该反应产生的H2O2,所述与香草酸的反应由辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化。
反应于37℃下在聚苯乙烯微量滴定板中进行。将MAO酶(终浓度2U/ml)与适宜的对-酪胺(Sigma,终浓度0.5mM)或苄胺(Sigma,终浓度0.5mM)任一和生色溶液(含香草酸(Fluka)、4-氨酰安替比林(Fluka)和辣根过氧化物酶(Sigma),终浓度分别为0.25mM、0.125mM和1U/ml)在0.2M磷酸钾缓冲液pH 7.6中混合。孵育40分钟后,在微量滴定板吸光度读数器例如Spectramax M5(Molecular Devices Corporation)中于495nm下分析平板。
在与底物孵育之前10分钟和孵育期间,通过在测定中包含浓度范围在0.03和100μM之间的鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚,测定它们对单胺氧化酶的影响。为了测定化合物对HRP-催化的反应部分的影响,用H2O2(Molecular Probes,终浓度50μM)代替MAO酶。含MAO-A和MAO-B的反应均以剂量依赖的方式被鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚抑制,而对照反应未受影响。表4中显示针对鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚对单胺氧化酶活性抑制所测量的IC50值。
表4:鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚对MAO-A和MAO-B的抑制。数据显示为均值±标准误差。
化合物 | MAO-A(IC50) | MAO-B(IC50) |
鼠尾草酚 | 4.0±0.1μM(n=3) | 106.5±19.9μM (n=2) |
迷迭香酚 | 3.02±0.48μM(n=3) | 73.3±11.3μM(n=2) |
实施例5
鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚对甘氨酸转运蛋白1的抑制
,在含10%经透析的胎牛血清、青霉素、链霉素、脯氨酸和抗生素G418的Dulbecco’s改良的Eagle’s培养基(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,USA)中,常规地培养稳定表达人甘氨酸转运蛋白1b cDNA(GlyT1)的CHO细胞。测定前一天通过胰蛋白酶消化收集细胞,并接种于上述培养基中。测定前立即用摄取缓冲液代替培养基,所述摄取缓冲液含有150mM NaCl、1mMCaCl2、2.5mM KCl、2.5mM MgCl2、10mM葡萄糖和10mM N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N′-2-甲磺酸(HEPES缓冲液)。
通过添加60nM放射性标记的[3H]-甘氨酸(Amersham Biosciences GEHealthcare,Slough,UK)并在室温下孵育30分钟,来测定摄取进入细胞的甘氨酸。通过用上述缓冲液柔和洗涤三次去除未掺入的标签后,通过液体闪烁计数定量掺入的甘氨酸。
通过GlyT1转运蛋白的甘氨酸摄取被鼠尾草酚(0.00316-100μM)的添加以剂量依赖的方式抑制。然而,迷迭香酚在该测定中是无活性的。肌氨酸、ORG24598和ALX5407(均来自Sigma,St.Louis,USA)被用作GlyT1的已知抑制剂。表5和图2中分别显示针对甘氨酸摄取抑制和代表性剂量-应答曲线所测量的IC50值。
表5:针对鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酚、肌氨酸、ORG24598和ALX5407对甘氨酸摄取进入CHO细胞的抑制所测量的IC50值。
物质 | 氚标记的甘氨酸摄取的IC50 |
鼠尾草酚 | 29.33μM |
迷迭香酚 | 无活性的 |
肌氨酸 | 35.9μM |
ORG24598 | 0.02μM |
ALX5407 | 6.46nM |
实施例6
海马切片培养物(hippocampal slice culture)中鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚对LTP的
影响
使用环状刀将7日龄Wistar大鼠断头。在少于1分钟内打开头骨,分离并转移大脑两半球(cerebral hemispheres),将两个海马切片并转移进冰冷的缓冲液中,所述缓冲液含137mM NaCl、5mM KCl、0.85mMNa2HPO4、1.5mM CaCl2、0.66mM KH2PO4、0.28mM MgSO4、1mMMgCl2、2.7mM NaHCO3、1mM犬尿烯酸(Kynurenic acid)和0.6%D-葡萄糖。
使用振动刀片切片机(vibrating blade microtome)(VT 1200S;LeicaMicrosystems(Schweiz)AG,Heerbrugg,瑞士)在相同的缓冲液中制备横切的海马切片(400μm)。将海马切片个体地置于膜嵌入物(Millicell CulturePlate Inserts,0.4μm)中,并于35℃、5%CO2、95%湿度下在含BME和MEM(均来自Invitrogen)的1∶1混合物的培养基中培养,所述培养基含25%热灭活的马血清、1x GlutaMAX、1x青霉素/链霉素、0.6%葡萄糖和1mM犬尿烯酸(Stoppini,Buchs and Muller(1991),J.Neurosci.Methods,37(2),173-82)。
培养48小时后,通过在140mM NaCl、5mM KCl、1.3mM CaCl2、25mM HEPES(pH 7.3)、33mM D-葡萄糖和0.02mM甲碘荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline methiodide)中添加鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚15分钟失活突触的NMDA受体。肌氨酸(100μM)和ALX5407(20nM)被常规用作阳性对照。额外的阳性对照包括向姐妹培养物中添加200μM甘氨酸。处理后洗涤并固定切片,用于免疫组织化学。定量增强的突触活性的标记物,所述增强的突触活性通常伴随着长时程增强(long-term potentiation),所述标记物代表学习和记忆的离体模型(见表6,下文)。
表6:与用缓冲液处理的姐妹培养物相比,用鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚处理后突触标记物的相对活化。任何这些标记物(或其组合)的活化在经典的LTP实验中观察。
物质 | pCREB | pMAPK | GluR1 |
鼠尾草酚 | ± | ++ | 608% |
迷迭香酚 | ± | + | 320% |
++++显示定性的最大活化,++和+分别表示半最大活化和中度活化,而±证明免疫反应性没有改变;对GluR1而言;数值显示为对照值的百分比。用鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酚处理海马培养物诱导LTP典型的一种或多种生物化学标记物(pCREB:cAMP应答元件结合蛋白的活化形式;pMAPK:促细胞分裂原活化的蛋白质激酶的活化形式;GluR1:AMPA受体1的细胞表面存在)。
实施例7
鼠尾草酚对CGRP受体的抑制
CGRP是脑管中的有效血管扩张剂,并涉及偏头痛的发病机制。CGRP受体在三叉神经脉管系统中特别丰富,所述三叉神经脉管系统是与三叉神经节的感觉神经元连接的颅内管网络。三叉神经感觉神经元和CGRP释放的活化有力地涉及偏头痛的病理生理学。CGRP受体的阻断在偏头痛、头痛和绝经期潮红(menopausal flushing)的预防中是有效的。
使用从Aiyar et al.(1996,J.Biol.Chem.,271:11325-11329)所述的测定法改造而来的放射性配体结合测定法,在经转染的CHO细胞中研究鼠尾草酚对人降钙素基因相关肽(hCGRP)受体激动剂位点的影响。
简言之,在下述缓冲液中,在不存在或存在鼠尾草酚(10μM)时,将细胞膜匀浆(10μg蛋白质)和0.03nM[125I]h-CGRPα于22℃下孵育90分钟,所述缓冲液含有50mM HEPES-NaOH(pH 7.4)、10mM MgCl2、4mMKCl、10mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、1μM磷酰二肽、0.3%BSA和0.04%杆菌肽(bacitracine)。在存在1μM h-CGRPα时测定非特异性结合。孵育后,在真空下将样品快速滤经用0.3%聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)预浸透的玻璃纤维滤器(GF/B,Packard),并使用96-样品细胞收割机(Unifilter,Packard)用冰冷的50mM Tris-HCl冲洗数次。干燥滤器,然后使用闪烁混合物(Microscint0,Packard)在闪烁计数器(Topcount,Packard)中针对放射性计数。结果被表述为对照放射性配体特异结合的百分比抑制。使用的标准参考化合物是hCGRP受体的天然激动剂h-CGRPα。
10μM鼠尾草酚显著抑制(54%)了对hCGRP受体的结合。因此,鼠尾草酚可被用于预防和治疗偏头痛、头痛和绝经期潮红。
实施例8
鼠尾草酚对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制
乙酰胆碱酯酶的主要作用是通过乙酰胆碱的快速水解在胆碱能突触处终止神经传递。该关键酶的抑制被认为是治疗认知功能障碍和记忆病症的有用策略。
如从Ellman et al.(1961,Biochem.Pharmacol,7:88-90)所改编的,通过测量从乙酰-6-甲硫基胆碱(AMTCh)形成的5-硫-2-硝基苯甲酸,定量鼠尾草酚对人重组乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响。简言之,向含200mMNaH2PO4/Na2HPO4(pH 8.0)、5mg/ml(NH4)2SO4、0.4mM DTNB和5mU酶的缓冲液中添加鼠尾草酚(10μM)、参考化合物或水(对照)。然后通过以50μM添加底物AMTCh起始酶反应。立即(t=0)使用微量培养板读数器(MRX,Dynatech or Ultra,Tecan)在λ=405nm处测量吸光度。使用该测量用分光光度计检测法在该波长下检测任何化合物干扰。在37℃孵育30分钟后(t=30),在λ=405nm处进行吸光度的第二测量。通过从t=30时测量的信号中减去t=0时测量的信号,测定酶活性。结果被表述为对照酶活性的百分比抑制。使用的标准抑制参考化合物是新斯的明(neostigmine),在每个实验中在若干浓度下测试以获得抑制曲线,从所述曲线计算其IC50值。
10μM鼠尾草酚显著抑制(53%)了乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。因此,鼠尾草酚被证明是有效的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,其可用于预防或治疗温和的认知受损和记忆损失。
实施例9
Porsolt′s游泳测试
强制游泳测试(Forced Swim Test,FST)在1977年被首次报道,用于在大鼠中筛选抗抑郁药样化合物(Porsolt et al 1977Nature,266:730-732),并且之后被改造用于测试小鼠(Porsolt et al 1977Arch.Int.Pharmacodynamic,229:327-336)。藉此论证了“行为绝望(Behavioural despair)”,当强迫大鼠或小鼠在无处可逃的水桶中游泳时,它们最初会显示有力的、以逃避为方向的(escape-oriented)活动,但是最后只进行保持它们头在水上所必需的这些最小动作。测试显示对具有针对抑郁的有效治疗活性的一系列药物是敏感的,所述药物中的一些先前在现有的行为模型中未显示效力。
在两个独立的实验中,腹膜内或口服施用鼠尾草酚后对小鼠加以测试。将小鼠个别地置于无处可逃的含水的桶内(22℃)。将小鼠置于水中6分钟,测量最后4分钟期间的不移动(immobility)持续时间。每组研究十到十五只小鼠。在3、10、30mg/kg体重(测试前30分钟腹膜内)或200、400、600mg/kg体重(测试前24、5和1小时口服)下评价鼠尾草酚,并与载体对照组比较。使用在相同实验条件下施用的丙米嗪(32mg/kg,分别腹膜内或口服)作为参考物质。评估不移动和游泳时间。
表7:腹膜内(-30分钟)或口服(-24、-5、-1小时)施用后,小鼠中鼠尾草酚和丙米嗪对FST的影响。不移动的持续时间显示为相对于对照的%改变,其中NS=不显著,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001(学会t-检验)。
处理 | 不移动持续时间(相对于对照的%改变) |
鼠尾草酚 3mg/kg 腹膜内,-30分钟鼠尾草酚 10mg/kg 腹膜内,-30分钟鼠尾草酚 30mg/kg 腹膜内,-30分钟 | -26**%-21% *-18% * |
丙米嗪 32mg/kg 腹膜内,-30分钟 | -80% *** |
鼠尾草酚 200mg/kg p.o.,-24,-5,-1h鼠尾草酚 400mg/kg p.o.,-24,-5,-1h鼠尾草酚 600mg/kg p.o.,-24,-5,-1h | -9% NS-53% **-3% NS |
丙米嗪 32mg/kg p.o.,-24,-5,-1h | -48% ** |
因此,腹膜内施用后,FST中测试的所有鼠尾草酚剂量显著地降低了不移动行为,而口服施用后,只有中间剂量(400mg/kg)显著降低不移动。该数据因此表明鼠尾草酚的抗抑郁药样活性。
实施例10
大理石埋藏测试(Marble burying test)
通过埋藏有害物体的大鼠论证“防御性埋藏”行为,所述有害物体例如其中装有味道令人不快的液体的饮水槽(Wilkie et al,1979J.Exp.Anal.Behav.31:299-306.)或冲击针(shock prod)(Pinel et al.J.Comp.Phys.Psych.92:708-712)。大理石埋藏测试被设计为这类测试的修改(Poling et al 1981.J.Expl.Anal.Behav.35:31-44)。将大鼠暴露于个体笼中,所述每个笼每天含有25块大理石,连续持续10或21天。计数10天周期内每天被埋藏的大理石数,或21天暴露后24小时被埋藏的大理石数。作者报道大理石的埋藏不是由新奇确定,或归因于任何有害的刺激。
小鼠的大理石埋藏行为被报道为:除了对SSRI(例如氟伏沙明、氟西汀、西酞普兰)、三环抗抑郁药(例如丙米嗪、地昔帕明)和选择性去甲肾上腺素摄取抑制剂(例如瑞波西汀)敏感以外,在不诱导镇静作用的剂量下对一系列次要的(例如安定)和主要的(例如氟哌啶醇)安定药都敏感(Broekkamp et al.,1986Eur.J.Pharm.,126:223-229)。模型可反映焦虑样行为或强迫行为(见De Boer et al.,2003Eur.J.Pharm.463:145-161)。
本文应用的方法遵循Broekkamp et al.(1986)所述的方法。将小鼠(每个处理组n=15)个别地置于透明塑料笼(33x21x18cm)中,所述笼的地板上有5cm锯屑并且笼中央有一组25块大理石(直径1cm)。将第二个翻过来的笼子作为盖子。在30分钟测试周期结束时计数被锯屑覆盖(至少覆盖三分之二)的大理石数。由不知晓药物处理方案的研究人员进行所述测试。
在测试前,通过在每个笼中将10只首次实验的小鼠放置15分钟,使所有的测试笼和大理石被“灌输(impregnated)”。
测试前30分钟腹膜内施用鼠尾草酚(3、10和30mg/kg)和迷迭香酚(10、30和100mg/kg),并与载体对照组比较。使用在相同实验条件下施用的氟西汀(32mg/kg)作为参考物质。
表8:小鼠的大理石埋藏测试中鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酚和氟西汀的影响。埋藏行为(即至少三分之二被锯屑覆盖的大理石数)显示为相对于对照的%改变,其中NS=不显著的,**p<0.01,***p<0.001(学生t-检验)。
处理(腹膜内,-30分钟) | 埋藏的大理石数(相对于对照的%改变) |
鼠尾草酚 3mg/kg鼠尾草酚 10mg/kg鼠尾草酚 30mg/kg | -12% NS-10% NS-41% ** |
迷迭香酚 10mg/kg迷迭香酚 30mg/kg迷迭香酚 100mg/kg | -21% NS-12% NS-55% *** |
氟西汀 32mg/kg | -92% *** |
测试的最高剂量的鼠尾草酚(30mg/kg)和迷迭香酚(100mg/kg)以与SSRI氟西汀相似的方式,清楚和显著地降低大理石埋藏行为,从而表明了两种化合物的抗焦虑药样活性。
实施例11
四平板测试(Four Plates Test)中鼠尾草酚的影响
检测抗焦虑药活性的方法遵循Aron et al(1971,Neuropharmacology,10:459-469)所述方法。抗焦虑药(苯并二氮杂卓类)提高被惩罚的跨越(punished crossing)数。将动物个别地置于含地板的白色塑料箱中,所述地板由与电击发生器(Apelex:011346型)相连的4块金属板组成。允许每只小鼠自由地探索15秒。然后每次其从一块平板跨越至另一块时,接受一次弱电击(2.5mA,1.5s)。在1分钟的测试期间计数被惩罚的跨越数。每组研究15分钟,测试盲式进行。
在测试前24小时、5小时和1小时口服施用的三个剂量(200,400,600mg/kg)下评价鼠尾草酚,并与载体对照(玉米油)组比较。
使用测试前1小时施用的氯巴占(Clobazam)(32mg/kg口服)作为参考物质。该组中的小鼠在测试前24小时和5小时接受额外的载体施用,从而维持实验不知情。
表9:小鼠的四平板测试中鼠尾草酚的影响。被惩罚的跨越数显示为均值±标准误和与对照相比的%改变,其中NS=不显著的,**p<0.01和***p<0.001(学生t-检验)。
与载体对照(分别为+25%、+32%和+11%)相比,鼠尾草酚(200、400和600mg/kg)整体提高被惩罚的跨越数,尤其是在400mg/kg(p<0.05)下。这些结果提出鼠尾草酚弱的、但是在400mg/kg口服时显著的抗焦虑药样活性。
实施例12
制备软明胶胶囊
制备包含以下成分的软明胶胶囊:
成分 | 每粒胶囊的用量 |
鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚 | 200mg |
卵磷脂 | 50mg |
大豆油 | 250mg |
可对成人每天施用两粒胶囊持续3个月,用于治疗温和的慢性抑郁症。
实施例13
制备软明胶胶囊
制备包含以下成分的软明胶胶囊:
成分 | 每粒胶囊用量 |
鼠尾草酚 | 100mg |
迷迭香酚 | 100mg |
月见草油 | 300mg |
维生素B6 | 100mg |
应当每天服用一粒胶囊持续14天,优选地在月经周期的下半部分服用,用于治疗月经前期综合征和月经前焦虑障碍。
实施例14
制备片剂
制备包含以下成分的片剂:
对于一般健康、供能和减轻压力而言,每天两次服用一粒药片,持续3个月。
实施例15
制备即食的调味软饮
成分 | 量[g] |
鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚 | 0.9 |
蔗糖,精细粉末 | 922.7 |
抗坏血酸,精细粉末 | 2.0 |
柠檬酸,无水粉末 | 55.0 |
柠檬味香料 | 8.0 |
柠檬酸钠,无水粉末 | 6.0 |
磷酸三钙 | 5.0 |
β-胡萝卜素1%CWS来自DNP AG,Kaiseraugst,瑞士 | 0.4 |
总量 | 1000 |
将所有成分混合并筛过500μm的筛网。将得到的粉末置于适宜的容器中,并在管状搅拌机中至少混合20分钟。为了制备饮品,向获得的125g混合的粉末中添加足量水,制备一升饮料。即饮型软饮每份(250ml)含有约30mg鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚。作为加强剂(strengthener)或对一般健康而言,每天应当引用2份(240ml)。
实施例16
制备强化的非烘焙的谷物棒
成分 | 量[g] |
鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚 | 0.95 |
糖 | 114.55 |
水 | 54.0 |
盐 | 1.5 |
葡萄糖浆 | 130.0 |
转化糖浆 | 95.0 |
山梨醇糖浆 | 35.0 |
棕榈仁油脂 | 60.0 |
烘焙油脂 | 40.0 |
卵磷脂 | 1.5 |
硬化的棕榈油 | 2.5 |
干燥并切开的苹果 | 63.0 |
玉米脆 | 100.0 |
脆米酥(Rice crispies) | 120.0 |
脆麦酥(Mini Crispini,Wheat) | 90.0 |
烤榛子 | 40.0 |
脱脂乳粉 | 45.0 |
苹果味香料74863-33 | 2.0 |
柠檬酸 | 5.0 |
总量 | 1000 |
将鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚与脱脂乳粉预混合,并置于行星式碗状搅拌机(planetary bowl mixer)中。添加玉米脆和脆麦酥,将整体柔和混合。然后添加干燥和切开的苹果。在第一烹调罐中,以上文给定的量混合糖、水和盐(溶液1)。在第二烹调罐中,以上文给定的量混合葡萄糖浆、转化糖浆和山梨醇糖浆(溶液2)。烘焙油脂、棕榈仁油脂、卵磷脂和乳化剂是油脂相。将溶液1加热至110℃。将溶液2加热至113℃,然后在冷水浴中冷却。之后将溶液1和溶液2合并。在水浴中于75℃下熔化油脂相。向溶液1和2的合并混合物中添加油脂相。向液体的糖-油脂混合物中添加苹果味香料和柠檬酸。将液体物料添加至干燥成分中,并在行星式碗状搅拌机中充分混合。将物料置于大理石板上,并滚至期望的厚度。将物料冷却至室温,并切件。未烘焙的谷物棒每份(30g)含有约25mg鼠尾草酚或迷迭香酚。对于一般健康和提供能量而言,每天应食用1-2只谷物棒。
Claims (15)
1.可用于预防或治疗下述病症的膳食或药物组合物,所述病症与降低的神经传递相关,所述组合物包含有效量的鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其选自由以下组成的组:食物、饲料、乳制品、酸乳、强化食物、谷物棒、烘焙物、蛋糕、曲奇、膳食补剂、片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、锭剂、胶囊、泡腾剂、无醇饮品、软饮、运动饮品、果汁、柠檬水、接近水的饮品、茶、基于乳的饮品、液体食物、汤和液体乳制品(什锦谷物饮品)。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其为抗抑郁药、情绪/生活力改善剂、减压剂、状况改善剂、焦虑减轻剂、强迫行为减轻剂、弛缓剂、睡眠改善剂和/或失眠缓解剂、认知增强剂、认知健康和平衡维持剂、学习增强剂、语言加工增强剂、问题解决增强剂、智力功能增强剂、处理心理社会负担的能力增强剂、注意和集中增强剂、记忆增强剂、精神机警增强剂、精神警觉增强剂、精神疲劳增强剂和精神状态稳定剂。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,其预防或缓解头痛或偏头痛。
5.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚存在于植物提取物中。
6.用于治疗或预防与降低的神经传递相关的病症的方法,包括对需要其的动物施用有效量的鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚,所述动物包括人。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述动物是人、宠物动物或农业动物。
8.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚以选自以下的形式存在:食物、饲料、乳制品、酸乳、强化食物、谷物棒、烘焙物、蛋糕、曲奇、膳食补剂、片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、锭剂、胶囊、泡腾剂配制物、无醇饮品、软饮、运动饮品、果汁、柠檬水、接近水的饮品、茶、基于乳的饮品、液体食物、汤和液体乳制品(什锦谷物饮品)。
9.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚存在于植物提取物中。
10.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚发挥选自以下的情绪或认知改善剂的作用:抗抑郁药、情绪/生活力改善剂、减压剂、状况改善剂、焦虑减轻剂、强迫行为减轻剂、弛缓剂、睡眠改善剂和/或失眠缓解剂、认知增强剂、认知健康和平衡维持剂、学习增强剂、语言加工增强剂、问题解决增强剂、智力功能增强剂、处理心理社会负担的能力增强剂、注意和集中增强剂、记忆增强剂、精神机警增强剂、精神警觉增强剂、精神疲劳增强剂和精神状态稳定剂。
11.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述降低的神经传递导致头痛或偏头痛。
12.包含有效量鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的组合物用于制备下述药物的用途,所述药物用于预防或治疗与降低的神经传递相关的病症。
13.根据权利要求12的用途,其中所述组合物是以下形式:食物、饲料、乳制品、酸乳、强化食物、谷物棒、烘焙物、蛋糕、曲奇、膳食补剂、片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、锭剂、胶囊、泡腾剂、无醇饮品、软饮、运动饮品、果汁、柠檬水、接近水的饮品、茶、基于乳的饮品、液体食物、汤和液体乳制品(什锦谷物饮品)。
14.根据权利要求12或13的用途,其中所述预防或治疗选自由以下组成的组:抗抑郁药、情绪/生活力改善剂、减压剂、状况改善剂、焦虑减轻剂、强迫行为减轻剂、弛缓剂、睡眠改善剂和/或失眠缓解剂、认知增强剂、认知健康和平衡维持剂、学习增强剂、语言加工增强剂、问题解决增强剂、智力功能增强剂、处理心理社会负担的能力增强剂、注意和集中增强剂、记忆增强剂、精神机警增强剂、精神警觉增强剂、精神疲劳增强剂和精神状态稳定剂。
15.根据权利要求12或13的用途,其中所述用途是预防或治疗头痛或偏头痛。
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CNA2007800433557A Pending CN101562993A (zh) | 2006-11-24 | 2007-11-22 | 包含鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的膳食和药物组合物及其用途 |
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CN (2) | CN105476026A (zh) |
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CN105979954A (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-09-28 | 在配料公司 | 昼夜节律蛋白相关状况的治疗或预防 |
CN117180266A (zh) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-12-08 | 河北大学 | 鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的药物新用途 |
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EP1925302A1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-05-28 | DSMIP Assets B.V. | Dietary or pharmaceutical compositions containing tricyclic diterpenes and derivatives thereof for the treatment of depression |
EP2283806A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-16 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Carnosol for hair and skin care |
US20150313266A1 (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2015-11-05 | Igor Anatolievich Pomytkin | Food for the dietary management of burnout |
CN108208446A (zh) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 佛山市所能网络有限公司 | 一种宠物鸟食用的保健饲料及其制备方法 |
MX2021006062A (es) | 2018-11-26 | 2021-07-06 | Roar Holding Llc | Metodos para mejorar la calidad de las bebidas. |
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US6638523B1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2003-10-28 | Nagase & Company, Ltd. | Method of treating ulcers |
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JPH11318387A (ja) * | 1989-10-31 | 1999-11-24 | Kanebo Ltd | 抗炎症用食品 |
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JP4629822B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-02 | 2011-02-09 | 長瀬産業株式会社 | 神経成長因子合成促進剤 |
JP2005179207A (ja) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Lion Corp | 咀嚼組成物 |
WO2006115321A1 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-02 | Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yeungnam University | Composition comprising the extract of salvia miltiorrhiza bge showing enhancing activity for the prevention or treatment of blood circulatory disease. |
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CN105979954A (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-09-28 | 在配料公司 | 昼夜节律蛋白相关状况的治疗或预防 |
CN117180266A (zh) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-12-08 | 河北大学 | 鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的药物新用途 |
CN117180266B (zh) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-02-09 | 河北大学 | 鼠尾草酚和/或迷迭香酚的药物新用途 |
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JP2010510269A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
WO2008061755A8 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
RU2440012C2 (ru) | 2012-01-20 |
US8227508B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
EP2099318A1 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
US20100048688A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
JP5724143B2 (ja) | 2015-05-27 |
RU2009123982A (ru) | 2010-12-27 |
KR20090115850A (ko) | 2009-11-09 |
PL2099318T3 (pl) | 2015-12-31 |
KR101472604B1 (ko) | 2014-12-15 |
WO2008061755A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
ES2549116T3 (es) | 2015-10-23 |
EP2099318B1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
EP1925214A1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
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